JP5204757B2 - 水素生成装置およびその運転方法、並びに燃料電池システム、 - Google Patents
水素生成装置およびその運転方法、並びに燃料電池システム、 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 150
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 150
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 149
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 264
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における水素生成装置および、これを備える燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。
一方、ステップS105において着火を検知できないときは、制御器25は、着火判定を行なう検知時間を超えたかどうかを判定する(ステップS107)。制御器25は、検知時間を超えているときは、着火失敗と判断して着火器4の動作を停止し、着火動作を終了(ステップS110)する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2における水素生成装置および、これを備える燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。図4において、図1と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
ステップS100)させることにより、バーナ2およびバーナ2下流の燃焼ガス流路(図示せず)内を空気でプリパージする。次いで、制御器25は、燃焼ファン3を着火させるのに最適な所定回転数に調整(ステップS101)し、着火器4を作動(ステップS102)させる。流量調整弁18の開度Uは、制御器25の内部にある弁開度調整手段26によって、初期開度Usに調整(ステップS103)される。そして、制御器25は、バーナ前遮断弁12、原料ガス供給元弁14、燃焼ガス遮断弁21を開放し、逆流防止弁11及び原料ガス遮断弁19を閉止して昇圧器17を作動(ステップS104)させて着火動作を行なう。次に、制御器25は、着火したかどうかを着火検知器5を用いて検知(ステップS105)し、着火を検知すると着火器4を停止(ステップS106)させて、着火動作を完了する。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態3における水素生成装置、およびこれを備える燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。また、図8は、本発明の実施の形態3における水素生成装置、およびこれを備える燃料電池システムの着火動作のフローチャートである。
2 バーナ
3 燃焼ファン
4 着火器
5 着火検知器
6 燃料電池
6a アノードガス流路
6b カソードガス流路
7 水素含有ガス供給路
7a 第1水素含有ガス供給路
7b 第2水素含有ガス供給路
8 アノードオフガス流路
9 切替弁
10 バイパス流路
11 逆流防止弁
12 バーナ前遮断弁
13 原料ガス供給路
14 原料ガス供給元弁
15 脱硫器
16 流量計
17 昇圧器
18 流量調整弁
19 原料ガス遮断弁
20 燃焼ガス供給路
21 燃焼ガス遮断弁
22 空気供給路
23 空気ブロワ
24 カソードオフガス流路
25 制御器
26 弁開度調整手段
27 Us再設定手段
50 水素生成装置
51 燃料電池システム
101 燃料電池システム
102 燃料処理装置
103 燃料電池スタック
104 制御装置
110 燃焼用空気供給部
111 改質用原料供給部
114 燃焼用原料供給部
116 第1改質ガス搬送ライン
117 第1オフガス搬送ライン
119 スタック用空気供給部
129 燃焼排ガス搬送ライン
121 改質触媒部
122 変成触媒部
123 選択酸化触媒部
125 バーナ部
126 燃焼触媒部
128 燃焼排ガス通路
136 イグナイタ
141 ブロワ
142 調節弁
Claims (14)
- 原料ガスから改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、前記改質器より送出されるガスを前記燃焼器に供給するための第1のガス供給路または前記燃焼器に原料ガスを供給するための第2のガス供給路と、前記燃焼器において着火動作をするための着火器と、前記改質器または前記燃焼器に供給される原料ガスを昇圧する昇圧器と、前記改質器または前記燃焼器に供給する原料ガス流量を調整する流量調整弁と、制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記着火器が着火動作を継続している期間である着火動作期間中において、前記昇圧器を動作させて前記第1のガス供給路または前記第2のガス供給路より前記燃焼器に前記原料ガスを供給するとともに、前記流量調整弁の開度を前記着火動作期間での目標原料流量に対応した目標開度Ucよりも小さい初期開度Usから該目標開度Ucに向けて前記流量調整弁の開度を大きくなるように制御するよう構成されている、水素生成装置。 - 前記改質器より送出されるガスを前記燃焼器に供給するための第1のガス供給路を備え、
前記制御器は、前記着火器の着火動作期間中において、前記昇圧器を動作させて前記第1のガス供給路より前記燃焼器に前記原料ガスを供給するように構成されている、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記流量調整弁の開度を前記初期開度Usから緩やかに大きくなるように制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記流量調整弁の開度を前記初期開度Usから段階的に大きくなるように制御する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記初期開度Usは、前記着火動作期間中に前記燃焼器に供給される燃焼用空気量に対する前記燃焼器に供給される原料ガス量が該原料ガスの濃度の燃焼下限界未満になるような前記流量調整弁の開度に設定されている、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記着火動作期間中の着火動作によって着火しなかったため、次の着火動作を行なう際に、該次の着火動作時の前記流量調整弁の初期開度Usを、前の着火動作期間中の最終の前記流量調整弁の開度Ueに設定して前記着火器により次の着火動作を開始する、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前の着火動作時の最終の前記流量調整弁の開度Ueが前記目標開度Ucになると、次の着火動作時の前記流量調整弁の初期開度Usを、前記目標開度Ucに設定して前記着火器により次の着火動作を開始する、請求項6記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置と、前記水素生成装置により生成した水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、を備える、燃料電池システム。
- 原料ガスから改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、前記改質器より送出されるガスを前記燃焼器に供給するための第1のガス供給路または前記燃焼器に原料ガスを供給するための第2のガス供給路と、前記燃焼器において着火動作をするための着火器と、前記改質器または前記燃焼器に供給される原料ガスを昇圧する昇圧器と、前記改質器または前記燃焼器に供給する原料ガス流量を調整する流量調整弁と、を備える水素生成装置の運転方法であって、
前記着火器が着火動作を継続している期間である着火動作期間中において、前記昇圧器を動作させて前記第1のガス供給路または前記第2のガス供給路より前記燃焼器に前記原料ガスを供給するとともに、前記流量調整弁の開度を前記着火動作期間での目標原料流量に対応した目標開度Ucよりも小さい初期開度Usから該目標開度Ucに向けて前記流量調整弁の開度を大きくする、水素生成装置の運転方法。 - 前記流量調整弁の開度を前記初期開度Usから徐々に大きくする、請求項9記載の水素生成装置の運転方法。
- 前記流量調整弁の開度を前記初期開度Uから段階的に大きくする、請求項9記載の水素生成装置の運転方法。
- 前記初期開度Usは、前記着火動作期間中に前記燃焼器に供給される燃焼用空気量に対する前記燃焼器に供給される原料ガス量が該原料ガスの濃度の燃焼下限界未満になるような前記流量調整弁の開度に設定されている、請求項9記載の水素生成装置の運転方法。
- 前記着火動作期間中の着火動作によって着火しなかったため、次の着火動作を行なう際に、該次の着火動作時の前記流量調整弁の初期開度Usを、前の着火動作期間中の最終の前記流量調整弁の開度Ueに設定して前記着火器により次の着火動作を開始する、請求項9記載の水素生成装置の運転方法。
- 前の着火動作時の最終の前記流量調整弁の開度Ueが前記目標開度Ucになると、次の着火動作時の前記流量調整弁の初期開度Usを、前記目標開度Ucに設定して前記着火器により次の着火動作を開始する、請求項13に記載の水素生成装置の運転の方法。
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JP5153243B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-24 | 2013-02-27 | 京セラ株式会社 | 燃料電池装置 |
EP2416428B1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2017-01-18 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
JP5408420B2 (ja) | 2009-07-30 | 2014-02-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムとこの燃料電池システムに用いる燃料電池の昇温方法 |
CN101938003B (zh) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-01-30 | 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 | 高分子氢燃料电池的制氢装置及控制系统 |
US8849593B2 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-09-30 | Grand Mate Co., Ltd. | Gas appliance and method of controling the gas appliance |
US8440358B2 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-05-14 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of operating a fuel cell system on low quality by-product gases |
JP5991631B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-08 | 2016-09-14 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水素生成装置およびその運転方法、ならびに燃料電池システム |
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CN101541670B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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