JP5199679B2 - 難燃性油圧作動油組成物 - Google Patents
難燃性油圧作動油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5199679B2 JP5199679B2 JP2008001092A JP2008001092A JP5199679B2 JP 5199679 B2 JP5199679 B2 JP 5199679B2 JP 2008001092 A JP2008001092 A JP 2008001092A JP 2008001092 A JP2008001092 A JP 2008001092A JP 5199679 B2 JP5199679 B2 JP 5199679B2
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Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
以上のように、従来の技術では、環境に優しく、比較的安価な天然原料を使用した合成エステルや動植物油脂を使用して長寿命で耐摩耗性に優れた難燃性作動油を開発することは、きわめて困難な状況にあった。
本発明は、このような実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、不飽和脂肪酸を主体とする原料から得た合成エステルあるいは動植物油脂において、十分な酸化防止性能及び耐摩耗性を有し、最近の油圧システムの高圧化、メンテナンスフリー化に対応した長寿命の難燃性油圧作動油を提供することを目的とする。
さらに本発明は、酸化防止剤としてさらにフェノール系酸化防止剤を組成物全量基準で0.01〜5質量%含有することを特徴とする前記記載の難燃性油圧作動油組成物に関する。
本発明の難燃性油圧作動油組成物に使用される基油としては、不飽和脂肪酸を主体とした脂肪酸の合成エステル及び天然の動植物油脂の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種を基油として用いることができ、ポリオールエステル、ジエステル、各種植物油脂、動物油脂などが例示される。この中でもポリオールエステル、オレイン酸比率の高い菜種油、ひまわり油、大豆油などのエステルが好ましく、特に、40℃における動粘度が10〜200mm2/s、引火点が280℃以上のものが好ましく用いられる。
ジオールとしては、具体的には例えば、エチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,2−ブタンジオール、2ーメチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、2−エチル−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,7−ヘプタンジオール、2−メチル−2−プロピル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2,2−ジエチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,8−オクタンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、1,10−デカンジオール、1,11−ウンデカンジオール、1,12−ドデカンジオールなどが挙げられる。
これらの中でもポリオールとしては、より加水分解安定性に優れることから、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、ジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)などのヒンダードアルコールが好ましい。
芳香族エステルとして、具体的には例えば、フタル酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)、フタル酸ジノニル、フタル酸ジデシル、フタル酸ジドデシル、フタル酸ジトリデシル、トリメリット酸トリブチル、トリメリット酸トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)、トリメリット酸トリノニル、トリメリット酸トリデシル、トリメリット酸トリドデシル、トリメリット酸トリトリデシルなどが挙げられる。なお、当然のことながら、2価以上の芳香族カルボン酸を用いた場合、1種の脂肪族アルコールからなる単純エステルであってもよいし、2種以上の脂肪族アルコールからなる複合エステルであってもよい。
炭酸エステルを構成するアルコールとしては、前述の脂肪族アルコール、ポリオールなどが使用でき、またポリグリコールやポリオールにポリグリコールを付加させたものも使用できる。また、炭酸と脂肪酸及び/又は二塩基酸を用いたものを使用しても良い。
これらのエステル系基油の中でも、加水分解安定性に優れることから、ポリオールエステルが好ましい。
本発明においては、上記のエステル系基油のうちの1種を単独で用いてもよく、また、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
エステルを構成する脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の比率が30モル%未満であると、(B)成分を配合しても、油圧作動油の使用の初期段階では粘度上昇・酸価増加の抑制効果があるが、使用が進むと劣化生成物が急にスラッジ化し易く、油圧システム内でトラブルが発生することがある。
一方、(B)成分の含有量の下限値は、組成物全量基準で0.01質量%であり、好ましくは0.05質量%、より好ましくは0.1質量%である。(B)成分の含有量が0.01質量%に満たない場合は、酸化防止効果が不足するので好ましくない。
上記式(ii)中、R10は炭素数1〜6のアルキレン基を示し、R11は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を示し、R12は水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を示し、nは0または1の整数を示す。
−R19−S−R20− (iii)
上記式(iii)中、R19及びR20は、それぞれ個別に、炭素数1〜6のアルキレン基を示す。
一方、式(i)のR9は、炭素数1〜24のアルキル基(直鎖状でも分枝状でも良い)又はアルケニル基(直鎖状でも分枝状でも良く、また二重結合の位置も任意である)である。R9としては、これらの中でも基油に対する溶解性に優れる点から炭素数4〜18のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数6〜12の直鎖状又は分枝状アルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数6〜12の分枝状アルキル基が特に好ましい。
一般式(7)において、R22及びR23は、それぞれ個別に、炭素数1〜16のアルキル基を示す。
さらに、R22又はR23は、より優れた酸化防止効果を得るために、イソブチレンから誘導されるtert−ブチル基、イソブチレンの2量体から誘導される分枝オクチル基、が最も好ましい。
R27O−CO−R26− (9)
R29O−CO−R28−CO− (10)
−C−CO−O−R30 (11)
(式(9)〜(11)中、R26は炭素数1〜12のアルキレン基であり、R28は炭素数1〜10のアルキレン基であり、R27及びR29は、それぞれ水素原子又は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基であり、R30は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である。)
抗乳化剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール,ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル,ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルアミド,ポリオキシアルキレン脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられる。
スティックスリップ防止剤としては、具体的には、多価アルコールエステル(完全エステル、部分エステル)などが挙げられる。
油性剤としては、具体的には脂肪酸、エステル、アルコール等が挙げられる。通常、その含有量は、油圧作動油組成物全量基準で0.01〜0.5質量%であるのが望ましい。
なお、ここでいう引火点とは、JIS K 2265「原油及び石油製品−引火点試験方法」に準拠して測定される値である。
表1に示すように、基油および添加剤を配合して油圧作動油組成物を調製した。実施例及び比較例で用いた基油および添加剤は以下のとおりである。
基油A1:トリメチルロールプロパンのオレイン酸エステル(動粘度47.2mm2/s(@40℃)、粘度指数190)
基油A2:高オレイン酸含有菜種油(動粘度35mm2/s(@40℃)、粘度指数190、エステルを構成する全脂肪酸に占めるオレイン酸の比率75モル%,エステルを構成する全脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸比率90モル%)
基油A3:ペンタエリスリトールと、オクチル酸及びデカン酸の混合脂肪酸のエステル(動粘度34.2mm2/s(@40℃)、粘度指数130)
B1:ビス(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)メタン
B2:α−ナフチルアミン
B3:4,4’−メチレンビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェノール)
C1:トリフェニルチオフォスフェート
C2:2−エチルヘキシルアシッドフォスフェート
C3:トリクレジルホスフェート
D1:アミノ酸誘導体(次式で示される化合物)
D2:ソルビタンモノオレエート
D3:アルケニルコハク酸部分エステル
E1:Nメチルベンゾトリアゾール
E2:ポリメタクリレート(分子量5万)
JIS K 2265「原油及び石油製品−引火点試験方法」に準拠した。
JIS K 2514に規定する「酸化安定度方法」に準拠し、規定の容器に試料油300mlを採取し、鉄および銅のコイル状触媒を加え、95℃の水浴槽で酸化安定性試験を行う。なお水は使用しない。試験中、少量づつ試料油を採取し、酸価上昇及びスラッジ量(一定量の試料油をフィルターでろ過、残渣重量から計測)を測定した。
ASTMD2783−88に規定する潤滑油の極圧性能測定用標準試験方法(四球法)[Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids(Four- Ball Method)]に準拠し、回転数1200min−1、荷重294N,油温75℃、試験時間1時間の条件で試験を実施し、3個の固定球の摩耗痕径(mm)の平均値を測定する。
ASTMD5182に規定されたギヤ試験。1500回転(回転数1500rpm/min−1)、試験開始油温90℃で試験を開始し、各ステージで規定された重量でギヤに荷重をかけ、15分間運転する。ギヤが焼きつく荷重のステージで油の耐焼き付き性の評価を行う。ギヤが焼きついた荷重のステージを不合格として報告する。
ASTM D 2882に規定されたベーンポンプ試験を実施し、試験前後のベーンとリングの重量を計測し、摩耗量を測定した。試験時間は100時間とした。
JISK2510に規定された、みがき棒鋼用一般鋼材を用いた防錆試験。使用する水により、蒸留水と人工海水の2種類の試験方法があるが、今回はより厳しい人工海水で試験を実施した。試験時間は24時間、試験油温波60℃である。
生分解性作動油規格ISO15380に規定されているOECD301C法による生分解性試験を行った。10箇所以上の汚水処理場から採取された活性汚泥を用いて、試料油の生分解性を評価する。その評価法により種々の試験法があるが、本方法では、試料油のBOD(生物化学的酸素要求量)で分解率を測定する。28日間の試験で、60%分解した場合、生分解性があると評価する。
Claims (1)
- (A)エステルを構成する脂肪酸が動植物原料から得られた脂肪酸であり、且つ脂肪酸に占める不飽和脂肪酸の比率が30モル%以上である合成エステル及び油脂からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の基油に、
(B)式(1)で示されるビス(4−ジアルキルアミノフェニル)メタン系酸化防止剤を組成物全量基準で0.01〜5.0質量%及びフェノール系酸化防止剤を組成物全量基準で0.01〜5質量%、並びに
(C)トリフェニルチオフォスフェートを組成物全量基準で0.001〜5質量%、
を含有し、引火点が280℃以上であることを特徴とする難燃性油圧作動油組成物。
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