JP5185596B2 - 液体中の汚染物質の検出方法 - Google Patents
液体中の汚染物質の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5185596B2 JP5185596B2 JP2007285659A JP2007285659A JP5185596B2 JP 5185596 B2 JP5185596 B2 JP 5185596B2 JP 2007285659 A JP2007285659 A JP 2007285659A JP 2007285659 A JP2007285659 A JP 2007285659A JP 5185596 B2 JP5185596 B2 JP 5185596B2
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Images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
- G01N27/126—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer comprising organic polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1893—Water using flow cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Description
式中、
tは得点、
pは負荷ベクトル、
Kは主成分の数、
Eはランダム誤差を表す残りの行列、
Tは行列の転置である。
PCAの前に、自動スケーリングなどによってデータは適切に前処理された。
式中、
tiはTkのi番目の行であり、
kの行列はPCAモデルからのベクトルを採点し、
λ−1は、モデル中で保持されたK固有ベクトル(主成分)に関連付けられた固有値の逆数を含む対角行列、
xiはX中のi番目のサンプル、
Pは、PCAモデル中で保持されたK負荷ベクトルの行列(ここで各ベクトルはPの列)である。
Q残差は二乗された予測誤差であり、PCAモデルがどの程度良好に各サンプルに適合するかを説明する。それは、モデル中で保持されたK主成分によって捕捉されない各サンプル中の変化量の基準である。
式中、
eiはEのi番目の行、
Iは適切なサイズ(n×n)の恒等行列である。
第1の実験では、センサ2を、トランスデューサ10(13.56MHzの公称周波数で動作する)およびポリスルホン膜12としての無線識別タグを使用して構築した。RFIDトランスデューサは、481−1067−1−NDの品番でDigi−Keyから購入した。
第2の実験では、センサ2を、トランスデューサ10(13.56MHzの公称周波数で動作する)およびポリ(ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)膜12としての無線識別タグを使用して構築した。センサは、ポリ(ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)(Aldrich Chemical Co.)を1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール(Aldrich)に20℃で24時間溶解して、約10体積%〜15体積%の固体を有する溶液を作成することによって組み立てた。次に、コーティングをRFIDトランスデューサに塗布し、20℃で24時間乾燥させた。結果として得られた膜12は約10〜50μmの平均厚さを有していた。
第3の実験では、センサ2を、2電極の金製のインターデジタル形トランスデューサ10(図3を参照)およびポリアニリン(PANI)膜12を使用して構築した。アニリンモノマーは、242284の品番でAldrich Chemical Company Inc.から購入した。
第4の実験では、幅約10μmの電極と電極間に10μmの間隔とを有する、2電極の金製のインターデジタル形電極(IDE)を用いた(図3を参照)。このIDEを、Aldrich Chemical Co.から得られるアニリンモノマーを使用して、アニリン高分子膜12でコーティングした。アニリンモノマーは、最初に、1MのH2SO4中に0.1Mのアニリンを有する溶液に触れさせ、銀/酸化銀(Ag/AgCl)参照に対する−0.3V〜1.1Vの電位を繰り返し印加する(50mV/秒の走査速度)ことによって、IDEの表面上に電気重合した。
この実験では、自動センサ変動補正の方法が示される。31.8重量%のポリ(塩化ビニル)(PVC)、64.5重量%の可塑剤(ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)セバケート(DOS)など)、1.3重量%の中性塩(テトラドデシルアンモニウムテトラキス(4−クロロフェニル)ボラート(TDDATCPB))、1.1重量%のイオン交換剤(テトラドデシルアンモニウムクロリド(TDDMACl)など)、および1.3重量%のスルフェートイオン透過担体(1,3−[ビス(3−フェニルチオウレ−イドメチル)]ベンゼンなど)の配合高分子組成物を利用した、スルフェートセンサ膜を成長させた。
4 センサ
6 コントローラ
8 検体
10 トランスデューサ
12 膜
14 ワイヤ
16 マニホルド
18 導管
20 トランスデューサ
22 膜
24 マニホルド
30 第1の電極
32 第2の電極
34 インターデジタル形フィンガー
36 基部
40 センサ
42 パージチャンバ
44 パージ媒体
46 入口管
48 出口管
50 センサアレイ
52 第1のセンサ
54 第2のセンサ
56 第3のセンサ
60 センサアレイ
62 マニホルド
64 上面
66 左側面
68 右側面
70 後面
72 前面
74 底面
76 試験用窓
80 第1の膜
82 第1のパージチャンバ
84 第1のトランスデューサ
86 第2のパージチャンバ
88 第2の膜
90 第3のパージチャンバ
92 第2のトランスデューサ
94 第4のパージチャンバ
96 縁部
98 第2の入口管
100 第2の出口管
Claims (10)
- センサを液体と接触させる段階であって、
前記センサが、膜、入口および出口を備えたマニホルドにより画定される単一のパージチャンバ、および前記パージチャンバと流体連通し、複素インピーダンスを測定する共振トランスデューサを含み、
前記膜の第1の表面が前記液体と流体連通し、
前記パージチャンバが前記膜の前記第1の表面と反対側の第2の表面と流体連通し、
前記膜は、前記汚染物質のイオンが前記液体から前記膜を通って前記パージチャンバ内のパージ媒体へ移動できる材料で構成されている、
段階と、
前記液体中の汚染物質の濃度に基づいて電気的情報を生成する段階と、
前記電気的情報をコントローラに送信する段階と、
前記液体中の汚染物質の前記濃度を判断する段階と、
パージ媒体を前記マニホルドの前記入口から前記出口に流すことにより、前記パージチャンバをパージする段階であって、前記パージ媒体は前記トランスデューサと流体連通し、前記マニホルドの前記出口を通る、段階と
を含み、
前記パージ媒体は、前記液体を精製した媒体である、
液体中の汚染物質の検出方法。 - 前記液体と接触させる前記段階の前に、前記液体を予備調整する段階をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記予備調整する段階が、温度調整、加圧、攪拌、化学物質との混合、および前述の少なくとも1つを含む組み合わせから成る群から選択されたプロセスをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 導電率プローブを前記液体と接触させる段階と、前記液体の導電率を判断する段階と、前記導電率に基づいて前記液体の濃度を補正する段階とをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃度を補正する前記段階に単変量補正を使用することを含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記膜のバルク効果を補正する段階をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バルク効果が、前記膜の構成成分の浸出、前記膜の構成成分の性能の低下、および前述の少なくとも1つを含む組み合わせから成る群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記膜の表面効果を補正する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記膜の表面効果を補正する前記段階が、インピーダンス測定または電位差測定を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記センサが、作用電極と参照電極を含む電位差センサであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US11/560,485 US7691329B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2006-11-16 | Methods for detecting contaminants in a liquid |
US11/560,485 | 2006-11-16 |
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JP2008129009A JP2008129009A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
JP5185596B2 true JP5185596B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
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US (1) | US7691329B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5185596B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102007054230A1 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE532492C2 (ja) |
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-
2007
- 2007-11-01 SE SE0702418A patent/SE532492C2/sv unknown
- 2007-11-02 JP JP2007285659A patent/JP5185596B2/ja active Active
- 2007-11-12 DE DE102007054230A patent/DE102007054230A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SE0702418L (sv) | 2008-05-17 |
DE102007054230A1 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
SE532492C2 (sv) | 2010-02-09 |
JP2008129009A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
US20080116908A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
US7691329B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
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