JP5173019B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
これにより、原料ガス供給装置による原料ガス供給量を少なく絞ることなく、少量の原料ガスの燃焼で触媒の昇温速度を緩やかにすることできる。また、燃料電池システムの起動運転の前に、触媒に吸着した原料ガスの量が想定よりも少ない場合でも、バーナ部で脱離してくる脱離原料ガスのみによる燃焼を想定した時間帯で、脱離してくる脱離原料ガスの量が想定よりも少ないために失火しても、温度センサによる触媒の温度上昇速度によって、失火を検知することができる。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における燃料電池システムの構成を示す模式図である。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態2における燃料電池システム1の構成を示す模式図である。なお、図7において図1と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態4における燃料電池システム1の構成を示す模式図である。図13において先の実施の形態1から3における燃料電池システム1と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
2 燃料電池
2a 固体高分子電解質膜
2b アノード電極
2c カソード電極
3 燃料処理器
4 水蒸気発生装置
4a 水蒸気経路
5 制御部
6 原料ガス供給装置
7 燃焼空気ファン
7a 燃焼用空気経路
8 カソード空気ブロワ
9 改質部
9a 改質触媒
10,30 変成部
10a 変成触媒
10b 変成温度センサ
11,32 選択酸化部
11a 選択酸化触媒
11b 選択酸化空気供給経路
12 バーナ部
13 燃焼排ガス経路
14 原料ガス供給経路
15 原料ガス経路
15a 燃料電池入口経路
15b 燃料電池バイパス経路
15c オフガス経路
16 燃料電池バイパス弁
17 燃料電池入口弁
18 燃料電池出口弁
20 第1円筒体
21 第2円筒体
22 第3円筒体
23 第4円筒体
24 第1ガス流路
25 第2ガス流路
26 燃焼室
27 排気折り返し部
28 原料ガス折り返し部
31 変成ヒータ
33 選択酸化ヒータ
34 加熱用バーナ部
35 バーナ前切換弁
36 燃焼用空気経路切換弁
40 流量計
41 酸素濃度計
Claims (15)
- 原料ガスと水蒸気との混合ガスを改質触媒で改質反応を行い水素を含む改質ガスを生成する改質部と、
前記改質部で生成された前記改質ガスを一酸化炭素低減触媒と接触させて前記改質ガス中の一酸化炭素を低減する一酸化炭素低減部と、
前記一酸化炭素低減部を通った前記改質ガス中の水素で発電を行う燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池で消費されなかった水素を含むオフガスと前記原料ガスと前記改質ガスとの少なくとも1つを送風機で供給した燃焼用空気を使って燃焼させるバーナ部と、
前記原料ガスを前記改質部と、前記改質部を介してまたは直接前記バーナ部と、に供給する原料ガス供給装置と、を備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの起動運転時に、前記バーナ部で燃やされる前記原料ガス供給装置で供給する前記原料ガスと少なくとも前記改質触媒及び前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の一方に吸着していた前記原料ガスの成分のうちの脱離してくる脱離原料ガスとの合算量と、前記送風機で前記バーナ部に送る前記燃焼用空気の量と、の比率が所定の比率になるように、前記送風機で前記バーナ部に送る前記燃焼用空気の量を調整する、
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池システムの起動運転時に、前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方を加熱する加熱手段を備える請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの起動運転時に、前記バーナ部に供給される前記原料ガス供給装置で供給する前記原料ガスと前記脱離原料ガスのうち、少なくとも前記脱離原料ガスの流量を計測する計測手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記計測手段は、少なくとも前記脱離原料ガスの流量を計測する流量計であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記計測手段は、少なくとも前記脱離原料ガスの圧力を検知する圧力計であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記バーナ部で燃焼させた後の燃焼排ガス成分のうち、少なくとも一つの成分の濃度を検知する排ガス分析手段を備え、前記排ガス分析手段で検知した濃度に基づいて燃焼用空気の量を調整することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方の温度を検知する1つまたは複数の温度センサを備え、前記温度センサが検知した前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒との少なくとも一方の温度に基づいて、前記燃料電池システムの起動運転時に、前記バーナ部で燃やされる前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方に吸着していた前記原料ガスの成分中の脱離してくる前記脱離原料ガスの量を推定する請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記加熱手段の加熱開始からの経過時間を計測するタイマ手段を備え、前記タイマ手段が計測した時間に基づいて、前記バーナ部で燃やされる前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方に吸着していた前記原料ガスの成分のうち脱離してくる前記脱離原料ガスの量を推定する請求項2または7に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記加熱手段で前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方の加熱を開始し、前記加熱手段による加熱開始から所定時間経過後に前記原料ガス供給装置を動作させる請求項2または7または8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方の温度を検知する1つまたは複数の温度センサを備え、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記加熱手段で前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方の加熱を開始し、前記温度センサの検知する温度が所定の温度以上になった後に前記原料ガス供給装置を動作させる請求項2または7または8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記原料ガス供給装置と前記加熱手段とを動作させ、前記バーナ部で前記原料ガス供給装置から供給した前記原料ガスを所定時間燃焼させた後に前記原料ガス供給装置の動作を停止して、前記加熱手段の加熱開始から所定時間経過後に前記原料ガス供給装置を動作させる請求項2または7または8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記改質触媒と前記一酸化炭素低減触媒の少なくとも一方の温度を検知する1つまたは複数の温度センサを備え、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記原料ガス供給装置と前記加熱手段とを動作させ、前記加熱手段による加熱開始から所定時間経過後または前記温度センサが第1所定温度以上を検知後に前記原料ガス供給装置の動作を停止して、前記温度センサが第2所定温度以上を検知した後に前記原料ガス供給装置を動作させる請求項2または7または8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記加熱手段は、電気ヒータである請求項2、または7から12のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記加熱手段は、加熱用バーナ部からなり、前記加熱用バーナ部の燃焼排ガスで前記改質部と前記一酸化炭素低減部の少なくとも一方を加熱する請求項2、または7から12のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記バーナ部を前記加熱用バーナ部として用いる請求項14に記載の燃料電池システム。
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