JP5162904B2 - 光電変換素子及び色素増感型太陽電池 - Google Patents
光電変換素子及び色素増感型太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5162904B2 JP5162904B2 JP2007002233A JP2007002233A JP5162904B2 JP 5162904 B2 JP5162904 B2 JP 5162904B2 JP 2007002233 A JP2007002233 A JP 2007002233A JP 2007002233 A JP2007002233 A JP 2007002233A JP 5162904 B2 JP5162904 B2 JP 5162904B2
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- photoelectric conversion
- dye
- sensitizing dye
- solar cell
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- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Description
(式中、Mは1価の金属元素を表し、nは6または8を表す。)
2.前記チタン酸塩金属化合物がフラックス法で製造されることを特徴とする前記1に記載の光電変換素子。
本発明は、前記式1で表されるチタン酸塩金属化合物を用いることが特徴である。
(a)フラックスであるNaCl、溶質であるNa2CO3、アナターゼ型TiO2をプラチナ製るつぼに加え、乾式混合した後、蓋をする。
(b)上記るつぼを電気炉に入れ、フラックス及び溶質が溶解する温度まで加温し、該溶融温度で一定時間保持した後、一定の冷却速度で室温まで冷却させることで結晶を形成させる。
(c)温水で余剰のフラックスを溶解、除去し、形成された粒子を乾燥させてチタン酸金属化合物を得る。
上記のようにして得られるチタン酸塩金属化合物は、平均粒子径が約0.5〜1μm、粒子の平均アスペクト比が10〜20の針状粒子である。そして、この六チタン酸ナトリウムの針状粒子については、上記製造工程に則り、さらに細かな製造条件の調整によって平均粒子径をある程度制御することが可能であり、繊維径が0.02〜1.0μm、繊維長が0.5〜20μm、アスペクト比が3〜25の針状結晶を得ることができる。
本発明に用いられる光電変換材料用半導体の作製方法について説明する。本発明に用いられる光電変換材料用半導体の一態様としては、導電性基板上に上記の光電変換材料用半導体を焼成により形成する方法が挙げられる。
まず、半導体の微粉末を含む塗布液を調製する。半導体微粉末を含む塗布液は、半導体微粉末を溶媒中に分散することによって調製することができる。溶媒中に分散された半導体微粉末は、その1次粒子状で分散するのが好ましい。溶媒としては、半導体微粉末を分散し得るものであればよく、特に制約されない。
上記のようにして得られた半導体微粉末含有塗布液を導電性基板上に塗布または吹きつけ、乾燥を行った後、空気中または不活性ガス中で焼成して、導電性基板上に半導体層(半導体膜)が形成される。
本発明の半導体膜に下記機能性化合物を付与する方法においては、導電性基板上に半導体膜を形成した後、酸処理を施してから機能性化合物を付与することが必要である。
本発明においては、本発明に係わるチタン酸塩金属化合物からなる半導体層は、機能性材料を吸着していることが特徴であり、機能性材料としては感光性を付与するための増感色素や、増感色素が吸着された半導体層に光が当たることで、励起された電子が増感色素から半導体層、外部経路を通り、対極側から酸化還元能を有する電解質へと電子がスムーズに循環するように、半導体に注入された電子が光により励起されることで酸化状態にある増感色素への再結合を防止するための添加剤等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る増感色素について説明する。
本発明に用いられる導電性基板としては、当該導電性基板側を受光面とする場合には、導電性基板は実質的に透明であることが好ましい。実質的に透明であるとは、光の透過率が10%以上であることを意味し、50%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることが特に好ましい。
電荷移動層は、増感色素の酸化体に電子を補充する機能を有する電荷輸送材料を含有する層である。本発明で用いることのできる代表的な電荷輸送材料の例としては、酸化還元対イオンが溶解した溶剤や酸化還元対イオンを含有する常温溶融塩等の電解液、酸化還元対イオンの溶液をポリマーマトリックスや低分子ゲル化剤等に含浸したゲル状の擬固体化電解質、さらには高分子固体電解質等が挙げられる。また、イオンが関わる電荷輸送材料の他に、固体中のキャリア移動が電気伝導に関わる材料として、電子輸送材料や正孔(ホール)輸送材料を挙げることもでき、これらは併用してすることも可能である。
本発明で使用できる対向電極は、前述した導電性基板と同様に、それ自体が導電性を有する基材の単層構造、またはその表面に対極導電層を有する基材を利用することができる。後者の場合、対極導電層に用いる導電性材料、基材、さらにその製造方法としては、前述した導電性基板の場合と同様で、公知の種々の材料及び方法を適用することができる。その中でも、I3 -イオン等の酸化や他のレドックスイオンの還元反応を充分な速さで行わせる触媒能を持ったものを使用することが好ましく、具体的には白金電極、導電材料表面に白金メッキや白金蒸着を施したもの、ロジウム金属、ルテニウム金属、酸化ルテニウム、カーボン等が挙げられる。また、前述と同様にコスト面や可撓性を考慮すると、プラスチックシートを基材として使用し、導電性材料としてポリマー系材料を塗布して使用することも好ましい態様の1つである。
本発明の色素増感型太陽電池について説明する。本発明の色素増感型太陽電池(以下、単に太陽電池ともいう)は、図1に示すような、本発明の光電変換素子の一態様として、太陽光に最適の設計並びに回路設計が行われ、太陽光を光源として用いたときに最適な光電変換が行われるような構造を有する。即ち、光電変換材料用半導体に太陽光が照射されうる構造となっている。本発明の太陽電池を構成する際には、前記半導体電極、電荷移動層及び対向電極をケース内に収納して封止するか、あるいはそれら全体を樹脂封止することが好ましい。
《太陽電池SC101の作製》
下記に記載のようにして、図1に示すような太陽電池SC101を作製した。
フラックスとなるNaCl 11.4g、溶質となるNa2CO3 47.25g、アナターゼ型TiO2 31.35gを100ml容量のプラチナ製るつぼに秤量し、乾式混合して蓋をした。
純水125ml、メノウ乳鉢でよくすりつぶした上記チタン酸ナトリウム粉末140g、20質量%PEG水溶液435mlを混合後、ミル分散機で分散し、チタン酸ナトリウムのペーストを作製した。
フッ素をドープした酸化スズをコートした透明導電性ガラス板(導電性基板1)上に、作製した酸化チタン懸濁液を塗布し、自然乾燥の後、500℃で60分間焼成して、基板上に膜状の酸化チタンを形成した。
上記太陽電池SC101の作製と同様にして、フッ素をドープした酸化スズをコートした透明導電性ガラス板上に該チタン酸ナトリウム懸濁液を塗布し、自然乾燥の後、500℃で60分間焼成して、基板上に半導体膜を形成した。
太陽電池SC101の作製において、表1に示すように半導体膜の種類、厚さ、増感色素を変更した以外は同様にして、太陽電池SC103、SC104を作製した。
太陽電池SC102の作製において、表1に示すように半導体膜の種類、厚さ、増感色素を変更した以外は同様にして、太陽電池SC105、SC106を作製した。
作製した太陽電池SC101〜SC106にソーラーシミュレーター(JASCO(日本分光)製、低エネルギー分光感度測定装置CEP−25)により100mW/cm2の強度の光を照射した時の短絡電流密度Jsc(mA/cm2)、開放電圧Voc(V)及び形状因子(F.F.)を求め、これらから光電変換効率η(%)を求めた。
ここで、Pは入射光強度(mW/cm2)、Vocは開放電圧(V)、Jscは短絡電流密度(mA/cm2)、F.F.は形状因子を表す。
2 金属酸化物半導体
3 増感色素
4 電荷移動層
5 対向電極
Claims (4)
- 増感色素を吸着させた半導体層を有する基板と、電極層を有する基板とが対向するように配置してなり、前記半導体層と前記電極層との間に電解質を設けてなる光電変換素子において、前記半導体層が下記式1で表されるチタン酸塩金属化合物を含有し、透明導電性基板上に前記半導体層を設け、前記半導体層に酸処理を施した後、前記増感色素を吸着させてなることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
式1 M2O・nTiO2
(式中、Mはカリウム、ナトリウム、セシウム、またはルビジウムを表し、nは6または8を表す。) - 前記チタン酸塩金属化合物がフラックス法で製造されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記式1で表されるチタン酸塩金属化合物のMがナトリウムであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を備えたことを特徴とする色素増感型太陽電池。
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