JP5162727B2 - 美白剤およびメラニン生成抑制剤 - Google Patents
美白剤およびメラニン生成抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5162727B2 JP5162727B2 JP2012533157A JP2012533157A JP5162727B2 JP 5162727 B2 JP5162727 B2 JP 5162727B2 JP 2012533157 A JP2012533157 A JP 2012533157A JP 2012533157 A JP2012533157 A JP 2012533157A JP 5162727 B2 JP5162727 B2 JP 5162727B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chafloside
- melanin production
- whitening agent
- production inhibitor
- tea
- Prior art date
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- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001617 ethyl hydroxybenzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C1=COC2=C(C=CC(C)(C)O3)C3=C(OC)C=C2C1=O CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002515 isoflavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008696 isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004705 kojic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZNJWVWKTVETCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N kojic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CN1C=CC(=O)C(O)=C1 WZNJWVWKTVETCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEJNERDRQOWKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N kojic acid Chemical compound OCC1=CC(=O)C(O)=CO1 BEJNERDRQOWKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N l-phenylalanyl-l-lysyl-l-cysteinyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-l-glutaminyl-l-tryptophyl-l-arginyl-l-methionyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-leucylglycyl-l-alanyl-l-prolyl-l-seryl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-cysteinyl-l-valyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-alanyl-l-phenylal Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000832 lactitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010448 lactitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N lactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003451 lactitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940078795 lactoferrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021242 lactoferrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002780 melanosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001333 moisturizer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Triacontane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004694 pigment cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940116317 potato starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940069949 propolis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005078 sorbitan sesquioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003687 soy isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032094 squalane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016804 zinc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
- A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/92—Oral administration
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
上記のような色素沈着の予防・改善方法として美白作用を有する物質、すなわち、メラニン生成を抑制する物質が主に用いられている。色素沈着の予防・改善方法としては、例えば、ビタミンCを大量に経口投与する方法、グルタチオン等を注射する方法、あるいは、コウジ酸、ビタミンC及びその誘導体、システイン等を軟膏、クリーム、ローション等の形態で局所的に皮膚に塗布する方法等が知られている。
本発明にかかるメラニン生成抑制剤は、チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とする。
本発明にかかるメラニン生成抑制方法は、チャフロサイドBを有効量含む組成物を経口投与することを特徴とする。
また、本発明にかかるメラニン生成抑制方法は、チャフロサイドBを有効量含む組成物を皮膚に塗布することを特徴とする。
前記メラニン生成抑制方法において、チャフロサイドBが美白剤として機能することが好適である。
本発明にかかる美白剤の製造における有効成分としての使用は、チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とする。
前記使用において、前記チャフロサイドBがメラニン生成を抑制することが好適である。
着色剤、保存剤、増粘剤、安定剤、ゲル化剤、酸化防止剤は、飲食品に使用される公知のものを適宜選択して使用できる。
具体的には、例えば、美容・健康飲料または食品、医薬品、洋菓子類、和菓子類、ガム、キャンデー、キャラメル等の一般菓子類、果実ジュース等の一般清涼飲料水、かまぼこ、ちくわ等の加工水産ねり製品、ソーセージ、ハム等の畜産製品、生めん、ゆでめん、ソバ等のめん類、ソース、醤油、タレ、砂糖、ハチミツ、粉末あめ、水あめ等の調味料、カレー粉、からし粉、コショウ粉等の香辛料、ジャム、マーマレード、チョコレートスプレッド、チーズ、バター、ヨーグルト等の乳製品等が挙げられる。好適には、効率よく摂取できるため、経口投与される美容・健康飲料や美容・健康食品等が挙げられる。
また、これらは従来公知の方法により製造することができる。
皮膚外用剤には、有効成分であるチャフロサイドB以外に、通常化粧料や医薬品等の皮膚外用剤に用いられる成分、例えば、保湿剤、酸化防止剤、油性成分、紫外線吸収剤、界面活性剤、増粘剤、アルコール類、粉末成分、色剤、水性成分、水、各種皮膚栄養剤等を必要に応じて適宜配合することができる。
また、マウスには滅菌蒸留水および飼料AIN−93G(日本農産工業社)を自由に摂取させた。
Food Chem. 2009, 57, 6779-6786)で茶より単離した。そして、上記動物を用いて、下記試験方法によりメラノサイト活性化抑制試験を行った。
なお、vitexin、isovitexinは、それぞれチャフロサイドBと同様に茶に含まれているフラボノイドである。
マウスに9日間、vitexinもしくはisovitexinもしくはチャフロサイドB(1mg/kgb.w.)を含む媒体を胃内強制経口投与し、投与後に照射量120mJの中波長紫外線(UVB)を照射した。コントロール(UV非照射群)およびコントロール(UV照射群)には同様に媒体を投与した。なお、各群8匹ずつのマウスで試験は行われた。
本試験において、媒体およびその投与用量は、0.5w/v%メチルセルロース400溶液、5mL/kgb.w.で行った。
10日目に皮膚を採取し、DOPA反応を行った。顕微鏡観察下で、面積あたりのDOPA陽性メラノサイト数を算出した。
しかし、驚くべきことに、チャフロサイドBは、メラノサイト数の増加を非常に顕著に抑制した。
したがって、本発明にかかる美白剤およびメラニン生成抑制剤は、チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とする。
チャフロサイドB 240 mg
ハス胚芽抽出物 40
ビタミンC 150
大豆イソフラボン 270
還元乳糖 350
大豆オリゴ糖 36
エリスリトール 36
デキストリン 30
香料 24
クエン酸 24
チャフロサイドB 0.01 質量%
マイクロクリスタリンワックス 1.0
ミツロウ 2.0
ラノリン 20.0
流動パラフィン 10.0
スクワラン 5.0
ソルビタンセスキオレイン酸エステル 4.0
POE(20)ソルビタンモノオレイン酸エステル 1.0
プロピレングリコール 7.0
亜硫酸水素ナトリウム 0.01
エチルパラベン 0.3
香料 適 量
精製水 残 余
Claims (4)
- チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とする美白剤。
- チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とするメラニン生成抑制剤。
- チャフロサイドBからなることを特徴とする美白剤の製造における有効成分としての使用。
- 請求項3に記載の使用において、前記チャフロサイドBがメラニン生成を抑制することを特徴とする使用。
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JP7001356B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2022-01-19 | 小林製薬株式会社 | 皮膚色素沈着抑制剤 |
CN110464669A (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-19 | 香港科技大学深圳研究院 | 一种美白剂及其用途、美白用化妆品和美白用医药产品 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11228339A (ja) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-24 | Ichimaru Pharcos Co Ltd | メラニン生成抑制剤及び皮膚外用剤 |
WO2004005296A1 (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Suntory Limited | フラボンc配糖体の新規誘導体及びそれを含有する組成物 |
JP2006342103A (ja) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-21 | National Cancer Center-Japan | ウーロン茶葉抽出物otacを有効成分とする発癌抑制剤 |
JP2009040690A (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-26 | Zenyaku Kogyo Kk | ソバガラの抽出物を含む皮膚外用剤 |
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JP2005289888A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Suntory Ltd | フラボンc配糖体誘導体の製造方法 |
JP2006008626A (ja) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-12 | Daiichi Asubio Pharma Co Ltd | フラボン誘導体の製造法ならびにフラボン誘導体およびそれを含む医薬組成物 |
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JPH11228339A (ja) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-24 | Ichimaru Pharcos Co Ltd | メラニン生成抑制剤及び皮膚外用剤 |
WO2004005296A1 (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Suntory Limited | フラボンc配糖体の新規誘導体及びそれを含有する組成物 |
JP2004035474A (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Suntory Ltd | フラボンc配糖体の新規誘導体及びそれを含有する組成物 |
JP2006342103A (ja) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-21 | National Cancer Center-Japan | ウーロン茶葉抽出物otacを有効成分とする発癌抑制剤 |
JP2009040690A (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-26 | Zenyaku Kogyo Kk | ソバガラの抽出物を含む皮膚外用剤 |
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WO2012141255A1 (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
TWI566772B (zh) | 2017-01-21 |
CN103687585B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
JPWO2012141255A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
HK1196096A1 (en) | 2014-12-05 |
TW201247197A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
CN103687585A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
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