JP5102357B2 - 窒化ガリウムのエピタキシャル成長用基板 - Google Patents
窒化ガリウムのエピタキシャル成長用基板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5102357B2 JP5102357B2 JP2010515582A JP2010515582A JP5102357B2 JP 5102357 B2 JP5102357 B2 JP 5102357B2 JP 2010515582 A JP2010515582 A JP 2010515582A JP 2010515582 A JP2010515582 A JP 2010515582A JP 5102357 B2 JP5102357 B2 JP 5102357B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- zinc oxide
- substrate according
- base layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/22—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
- H10P14/2901—Materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/32—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H10P14/3202—Materials thereof
- H10P14/3234—Materials thereof being oxide semiconducting materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/32—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H10P14/3202—Materials thereof
- H10P14/3238—Materials thereof being insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/32—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H10P14/3242—Structure
- H10P14/3244—Layer structure
- H10P14/3248—Layer structure consisting of two layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3414—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being group IIIA-VIA materials
- H10P14/3416—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3424—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being Group IIB-VIA materials
- H10P14/3426—Oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0756496A FR2918791B1 (fr) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Substrat pour la croissance epitaxiale de nitrure de gallium |
| FR0756496 | 2007-07-13 | ||
| PCT/FR2008/051316 WO2009013425A2 (fr) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-11 | Substrat pour la croissance epitaxiale de nitrure de gallium |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010533371A JP2010533371A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
| JP2010533371A5 JP2010533371A5 (https=) | 2012-07-12 |
| JP5102357B2 true JP5102357B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
Family
ID=39153913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010515582A Expired - Fee Related JP5102357B2 (ja) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-11 | 窒化ガリウムのエピタキシャル成長用基板 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8278656B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2171751A2 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5102357B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20100048995A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN101689511A (https=) |
| FR (1) | FR2918791B1 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2009013425A2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (49)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8871024B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2014-10-28 | Soraa, Inc. | High pressure apparatus and method for nitride crystal growth |
| US8097081B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2012-01-17 | Soraa, Inc. | High pressure apparatus and method for nitride crystal growth |
| US9157167B1 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2015-10-13 | Soraa, Inc. | High pressure apparatus and method for nitride crystal growth |
| US9404197B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2016-08-02 | Soraa, Inc. | Large area, low-defect gallium-containing nitride crystals, method of making, and method of use |
| WO2011044554A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Soraa, Inc. | Method for synthesis of high quality large area bulk gallium based crystals |
| US8979999B2 (en) | 2008-08-07 | 2015-03-17 | Soraa, Inc. | Process for large-scale ammonothermal manufacturing of gallium nitride boules |
| US10036099B2 (en) | 2008-08-07 | 2018-07-31 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Process for large-scale ammonothermal manufacturing of gallium nitride boules |
| US9589792B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2017-03-07 | Soraa, Inc. | High quality group-III metal nitride crystals, methods of making, and methods of use |
| US8878230B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2014-11-04 | Soraa, Inc. | Semi-insulating group III metal nitride and method of manufacture |
| USRE47114E1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2018-11-06 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Polycrystalline group III metal nitride with getter and method of making |
| US20100147210A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Soraa, Inc. | high pressure apparatus and method for nitride crystal growth |
| US8987156B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2015-03-24 | Soraa, Inc. | Polycrystalline group III metal nitride with getter and method of making |
| US9543392B1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2017-01-10 | Soraa, Inc. | Transparent group III metal nitride and method of manufacture |
| US9800017B1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2017-10-24 | Soraa Laser Diode, Inc. | Laser device and method for a vehicle |
| US8509275B1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2013-08-13 | Soraa, Inc. | Gallium nitride based laser dazzling device and method |
| US9250044B1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2016-02-02 | Soraa Laser Diode, Inc. | Gallium and nitrogen containing laser diode dazzling devices and methods of use |
| CN102668028B (zh) * | 2009-11-28 | 2015-09-02 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 层叠的氧化物材料、半导体器件、以及用于制造该半导体器件的方法 |
| US9564320B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2017-02-07 | Soraa, Inc. | Large area nitride crystal and method for making it |
| US8729559B2 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2014-05-20 | Soraa, Inc. | Method of making bulk InGaN substrates and devices thereon |
| JP2012164963A (ja) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-08-30 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 薄膜トランジスタの半導体層用酸化物およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びに薄膜トランジスタ |
| KR102001577B1 (ko) | 2010-12-17 | 2019-07-18 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 산화물 재료 및 반도체 장치 |
| KR20120100296A (ko) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 수직 성장된 반도체를 포함하는 적층 구조물과 이를 포함하는 pn 접합 소자 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
| US8492185B1 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2013-07-23 | Soraa, Inc. | Large area nonpolar or semipolar gallium and nitrogen containing substrate and resulting devices |
| US9694158B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2017-07-04 | Ahmad Mohamad Slim | Torque for incrementally advancing a catheter during right heart catheterization |
| US10029955B1 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2018-07-24 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Capsule for high pressure, high temperature processing of materials and methods of use |
| TWI515936B (zh) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-01-01 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | 發光裝置及其製作方法 |
| US8482104B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-07-09 | Soraa, Inc. | Method for growth of indium-containing nitride films |
| US10145026B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2018-12-04 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Process for large-scale ammonothermal manufacturing of semipolar gallium nitride boules |
| US9275912B1 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2016-03-01 | Soraa, Inc. | Method for quantification of extended defects in gallium-containing nitride crystals |
| US9299555B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2016-03-29 | Soraa, Inc. | Ultrapure mineralizers and methods for nitride crystal growth |
| US9650723B1 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2017-05-16 | Soraa, Inc. | Large area seed crystal for ammonothermal crystal growth and method of making |
| US9231053B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2016-01-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Light emitting diodes having zinc oxide fibers over silicon substrates |
| KR101439064B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-09-05 | 단국대학교 산학협력단 | 이종 접합 구조를 가지는 발광 다이오드 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US9577045B2 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2017-02-21 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Silicon carbide power bipolar devices with deep acceptor doping |
| US9419081B2 (en) | 2014-08-21 | 2016-08-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Reusable substrate bases, semiconductor devices using such reusable substrate bases, and methods for making the reusable substrate bases |
| US11437774B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2022-09-06 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | High-luminous flux laser-based white light source |
| US20180097073A1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-05 | Flosfia Inc. | Semiconductor device and semiconductor system including semiconductor device |
| US10174438B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-01-08 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for high pressure reaction |
| CN108091708B (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-08-14 | 北京通美晶体技术有限公司 | 锗单晶片、其制法、晶棒的制法及单晶片的用途 |
| SG10201806896UA (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-03-30 | Attometal Tech Pte Ltd | Amorphous inner-surface coated pipe and method for preparing the same |
| US11239637B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-02-01 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber delivered laser induced white light system |
| US11421843B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-08-23 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber-delivered laser-induced dynamic light system |
| US11466384B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2022-10-11 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Method of forming a high quality group-III metal nitride boule or wafer using a patterned substrate |
| US12152742B2 (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2024-11-26 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Laser-based light guide-coupled wide-spectrum light system |
| US12000552B2 (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2024-06-04 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Laser-based fiber-coupled white light system for a vehicle |
| US11884202B2 (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2024-01-30 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Laser-based fiber-coupled white light system |
| US11721549B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2023-08-08 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Large area group III nitride crystals and substrates, methods of making, and methods of use |
| US12091771B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2024-09-17 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Large area group III nitride crystals and substrates, methods of making, and methods of use |
| WO2021162727A1 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-19 | SLT Technologies, Inc | Improved group iii nitride substrate, method of making, and method of use |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5889295A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1999-03-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device |
| JP3595097B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-26 | 2004-12-02 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
| WO2002016679A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co., Ltd. | Polycrystalline semiconductor material and method of manufacture thereof |
| TWI248469B (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2006-02-01 | Univ Nat Cheng Kung | Manufacturing method of zinc oxide nanowires |
| JP3859148B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-12-20 | 信越半導体株式会社 | Zn系半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
| JP4212413B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-27 | 2009-01-21 | シャープ株式会社 | 酸化物半導体発光素子 |
| US7208863B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2007-04-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Light emitting devices with patterned angular color dependency |
| US20080105293A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Front electrode for use in photovoltaic device and method of making same |
-
2007
- 2007-07-13 FR FR0756496A patent/FR2918791B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-11 WO PCT/FR2008/051316 patent/WO2009013425A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-11 KR KR1020107000664A patent/KR20100048995A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-11 US US12/668,676 patent/US8278656B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-11 CN CN200880024413A patent/CN101689511A/zh active Pending
- 2008-07-11 JP JP2010515582A patent/JP5102357B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-11 EP EP08826629A patent/EP2171751A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2918791B1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 |
| EP2171751A2 (fr) | 2010-04-07 |
| WO2009013425A2 (fr) | 2009-01-29 |
| JP2010533371A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
| US20100207116A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| KR20100048995A (ko) | 2010-05-11 |
| CN101689511A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
| FR2918791A1 (fr) | 2009-01-16 |
| WO2009013425A3 (fr) | 2009-03-12 |
| US8278656B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5102357B2 (ja) | 窒化ガリウムのエピタキシャル成長用基板 | |
| CN102791475B (zh) | 层合体及其制造方法以及使用其的功能元件 | |
| US7172813B2 (en) | Zinc oxide crystal growth substrate | |
| TWI834732B (zh) | 氧化物積層體及其製造方法 | |
| JP6152548B2 (ja) | 酸化ガリウム基板及びその製造方法 | |
| JP6868606B2 (ja) | 多結晶13族元素窒化物からなる自立基板及びそれを用いた発光素子 | |
| KR20090115826A (ko) | 그룹 3족 질화물계 반도체 소자용 버퍼층 및 그 제조 방법 | |
| KR101758548B1 (ko) | 질화갈륨 자립 기판, 발광 소자 및 이들의 제조 방법 | |
| KR101458629B1 (ko) | ZnO계 화합물 반도체 층의 제조방법 | |
| TW200933754A (en) | Zno-based thin film and semiconductor element | |
| JP2006073579A (ja) | 結晶性酸化亜鉛(ZnO)薄膜の形成方法 | |
| Cheng et al. | Fabrication of tunable n-Zn1-xCdxO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes | |
| JP7549311B2 (ja) | 積層体及び半導体装置 | |
| JP6934473B2 (ja) | Iii族窒化物半導体発光素子 | |
| JP5426315B2 (ja) | ZnO系化合物半導体素子 | |
| KR101089585B1 (ko) | 산화아연 박막 및 산화아연 기반 발광소자의 제조방법 | |
| KR100745811B1 (ko) | p형 산화아연(ZnO) 박막 제조방법 및 이를 이용한산화아연계 광전소자 제조방법 | |
| JP4946576B2 (ja) | 発光素子 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110613 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20120214 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120228 |
|
| A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A524 Effective date: 20120528 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120619 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120803 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120828 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120927 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20151005 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |