JP5075926B2 - Sewage treatment apparatus and sewage treatment method - Google Patents

Sewage treatment apparatus and sewage treatment method Download PDF

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JP5075926B2
JP5075926B2 JP2010009614A JP2010009614A JP5075926B2 JP 5075926 B2 JP5075926 B2 JP 5075926B2 JP 2010009614 A JP2010009614 A JP 2010009614A JP 2010009614 A JP2010009614 A JP 2010009614A JP 5075926 B2 JP5075926 B2 JP 5075926B2
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剛 武本
一郎 山野井
秀之 田所
卓矢 上門
直樹 原
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本発明は、下水処理の過程で発生する温室効果ガスを削減するための運転制御を適用した下水処理装置及び下水処理方法に係り、特に、生物反応槽の曝気槽から発生する亜酸化窒素（Ｎ2Ｏ）を対象とした下水処理装置及び下水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sewage treatment apparatus and a sewage treatment method to which operation control for reducing greenhouse gas generated in the process of sewage treatment is applied, and in particular, nitrous oxide (N) generated from an aeration tank of a biological reaction tank. The present invention relates to a sewage treatment apparatus and a sewage treatment method for 2 O).

下水処理方法には、活性汚泥と呼ばれる微生物により生物学的に処理する活性汚泥法がある。活性汚泥法では、下水中の窒素は、アンモニア体窒素を硝酸体窒素に酸化する硝化工程と、硝酸体窒素を窒素ガスに還元する脱窒工程により除去される。硝化工程，脱窒工程の副生成物として亜酸化窒素（Ｎ2Ｏ）が生成することが知られている。亜酸化窒素（Ｎ2Ｏ）は二酸化炭素（ＣＯ2）の３１０倍の温室効果があり、地球温暖化防止のための排出削減対象物質になっている。 The sewage treatment method includes an activated sludge method in which biological treatment is performed with microorganisms called activated sludge. In the activated sludge method, nitrogen in sewage is removed by a nitrification step in which ammonia nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen and a denitrification step in which nitrate nitrogen is reduced to nitrogen gas. It is known that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is generated as a byproduct of the nitrification process and the denitrification process. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) has a greenhouse effect 310 times that of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and is an emission reduction target substance for preventing global warming.

〔非特許文献１〕に記載のように、Ｎ2Ｏ生成量が増加する条件には、硝化反応の進行および不完全な脱窒反応が挙げられる。〔特許文献１〕には、Ｎ2Ｏガスを連続モニタリングして回分式活性汚泥法の嫌気と好気の時間配分を制御する方法が記載されている。〔特許文献２〕には、硝化槽で発生した亜酸化窒素ガスを酸素除去装置に送気し、含有ガスに混在する酸素を予め除去した脱酸素ガスを脱窒槽の廃水中に導入する亜酸化窒素ガスの生物学的処理方法が記載されている。 As described in [Non-Patent Document 1], conditions for increasing the amount of N 2 O produced include the progress of nitrification reaction and incomplete denitrification reaction. [Patent Document 1] describes a method of controlling the anaerobic and aerobic time distribution of the batch activated sludge process by continuously monitoring N 2 O gas. In [Patent Document 2], nitrous oxide gas generated in a nitrification tank is fed to an oxygen removing device, and deoxygenated gas from which oxygen contained in the contained gas has been removed in advance is introduced into waste water of the denitrification tank. A method for biological treatment of nitrogen gas is described.

特開２００７−２４４９４９号公報JP 2007-244949 A 特開２００７−７５８２１号公報JP 2007-75821 A

下水道の長期的技術開発に関する基礎調査、（財）下水道新技術推進機構（1996）http://www.jiwet.jp/result/annual/plan/1996a1-1-2m.htmBasic research on long-term sewerage technology development, New Sewerage Technology Promotion Organization (1996) http://www.jiwet.jp/result/annual/plan/1996a1-1-2m.htm

Ｎ2Ｏ生成量を抑制する手段には脱窒反応の促進が考えられる。〔特許文献１〕に記載の従来の技術は、硝化反応と脱窒反応の制御のためにＮ2Ｏのモニタリング値を用いたものであり、必ずしもＮ2Ｏを抑制するための制御条件になっていない恐れがある。また、〔特許文献１〕に記載の従来の技術は、回分式活性汚泥法であるため嫌気と好気の時間を制御できるが、公共下水道などで多く適用されている嫌気−無酸素−好気法，循環式硝化脱窒法などは、回分式でなく連続式のため、嫌気時間や好気時間は、槽容積と下水の流入流量に依存しているため反応時間の制御は困難であった。又、〔特許文献２〕に記載の従来の技術は、硝化槽で発生した亜酸化窒素ガスを脱窒槽の廃水中に導入して亜酸化窒素ガスの放出を防止しているが、脱窒槽が適切な状態でないため、Ｎ2Ｏを抑制するための制御条件になっていない恐れがある。 As a means for suppressing the amount of N 2 O produced, it is conceivable to promote a denitrification reaction. The conventional technique described in [Patent Document 1] uses the monitoring value of N 2 O for controlling the nitrification reaction and the denitrification reaction, and is necessarily a control condition for suppressing N 2 O. There is no fear. In addition, the conventional technique described in [Patent Document 1] is a batch activated sludge method, and thus can control anaerobic and aerobic times. However, anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic that is often applied in public sewers and the like. Since the method and the circulation type nitrification denitrification method are continuous, not batch, the anaerobic time and aerobic time depend on the tank volume and the inflow rate of sewage, so it is difficult to control the reaction time. In addition, in the conventional technique described in [Patent Document 2], the nitrous oxide gas generated in the nitrification tank is introduced into the waste water of the denitrification tank to prevent the release of the nitrous oxide gas. Since it is not an appropriate state, there is a possibility that it is not a control condition for suppressing N 2 O.

本発明の目的は、生物反応槽から放出されるＮ2Ｏ濃度を制御指標とし、脱窒反応を促進する運転条件を制御し、Ｎ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる下水処理装置及び下水処理方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a sewage treatment apparatus and a sewage treatment method capable of reducing the amount of N 2 O emission by controlling the operating conditions for promoting the denitrification reaction using the N 2 O concentration released from the biological reaction tank as a control index. It is to provide.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の下水処理装置及び下水処理方法は、上流側に設置される嫌気槽と下流側に設置される好気槽を有する活性汚泥が投入されている複数の反応槽により下水を処理し、好気槽の上部に設置され、好気槽に設置される複数の曝気手段によって曝気される曝気ガスを回収するためのガス回収手段によって集められた排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度をＮ2Ｏ計測手段により計測し、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段の計測信号に基づいて複数の曝気手段のうち最も嫌気槽側の曝気手段の送風量を調整する前段曝気手段調整器を制御するものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the sewage treatment apparatus and the sewage treatment method of the present invention include a plurality of reactions in which activated sludge having an anaerobic tank installed on the upstream side and an aerobic tank installed on the downstream side is charged. N 2 in the exhaust gas collected by the gas recovery means for treating the sewage by the tank, and installed in the upper part of the aerobic tank, and recovering the aerated gas aerated by the plurality of aeration means installed in the aerobic tank the O 2 concentration is measured by N 2 O measuring means, for controlling the front aeration means adjuster for adjusting the blowing rate of most anaerobic tank side of the aeration unit of the plurality of aeration means on the basis of the measurement signal of N 2 O measurement means Is.

又、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段の計測信号に基づいて前記好気槽の下流側から前記嫌気槽に反応液を循環するための循環手段の流量を制御するものである。 Further, the flow rate of the circulating means for circulating the reaction liquid from the downstream side of the aerobic tank to the anaerobic tank is controlled based on the measurement signal of the N 2 O measuring means.

又、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段の計測信号に基づいて前記嫌気槽に炭素源を投入するための炭素源投入手段の流量を制御するものである。 Further, the flow rate of the carbon source feeding means for feeding the carbon source into the anaerobic tank is controlled based on the measurement signal of the N 2 O measuring means.

又、好気槽に設置される複数の曝気手段によって曝気される曝気ガスを回収するためのガス回収手段によって集められた排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度をＮ2Ｏ計測手段により計測し、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段により嫌気槽の下流側に反応液のＮＯ3−Ｎを計測し、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段とＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段の各計測値が予め設定された上限値を超過した際に、嫌気槽に炭素源を投入するための炭素源投入手段と、好気槽の下流側から嫌気槽に反応液を循環するための循環手段と、好気槽に複数の曝気手段と最も嫌気槽側の曝気手段の送風量を調整するための曝気手段調整器のうちの少なくとも一つを制御するものである。 Further, the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas collected by the gas collecting means for collecting the aerated gas aerated by the plurality of aeration means installed in the aerobic tank is measured by the N 2 O measuring means, and NO 3 When NO 3 -N of the reaction liquid is measured downstream of the anaerobic tank by the -N measuring means, and each measured value of the N 2 O measuring means and the NO 3 -N measuring means exceeds a preset upper limit value , A carbon source charging means for charging the carbon source into the anaerobic tank, a circulation means for circulating the reaction liquid from the downstream side of the aerobic tank to the anaerobic tank, a plurality of aeration means in the aerobic tank and the most anaerobic tank It controls at least one of the aeration means adjusters for adjusting the air flow rate of the side aeration means.

本発明によれば、生物反応槽のＮ2Ｏ発生量を元に、生物反応槽の運転を制御することで脱窒反応を促進し、Ｎ2Ｏ発生量を抑制できる。 According to the present invention, based on the N 2 O emissions of biological reactor, to promote the denitrification by controlling the operation of the bioreactor, it is possible to suppress the N 2 O emissions.

本発明の実施例１の下水処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２の下水処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３の下水処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of Example 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施例４の下水処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of Example 4 of this invention. 本発明の実施例５の下水処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of Example 5 of this invention.

本発明の各実施例について図面を用いて説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

本発明の実施例１を図１により説明する。図１は本実施例の下水処理装置の構成図である。   A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a sewage treatment apparatus according to this embodiment.

複数の微生物群が生息している活性汚泥が投入されている反応槽が直列に接続されており、上流側に嫌気槽１、嫌気槽１の下流に順次、好気槽２，好気槽３，好気槽４が設けられている。図示していないが、好気槽４の後段には沈殿池が設けられ、好気槽２〜４の反応液を処理水と汚泥とに固液分離する。分離された汚泥の一部は、図示していないポンプにより嫌気槽１に返送汚泥として戻される。   A reaction tank in which activated sludge inhabiting a plurality of microbial groups is inserted is connected in series. , An aerobic tank 4 is provided. Although not shown in the figure, a settling basin is provided in the subsequent stage of the aerobic tank 4 to separate the reaction liquid in the aerobic tanks 2 to 4 into treated water and sludge. A part of the separated sludge is returned as returned sludge to the anaerobic tank 1 by a pump (not shown).

好気槽２〜４には、それぞれ曝気手段５〜７が設置されている。曝気手段５〜７は、それぞれ配管によりブロワ８に接続され、ブロワ８と曝気手段５の間の配管には、前段曝気手段調整器９が設置されている。ブロワ８により供給される空気は曝気手段５〜７に送られ曝気手段５〜７から、それぞれ好気槽２〜４で曝気される。   Aeration means 5 to 7 are installed in the aerobic tanks 2 to 4, respectively. The aeration means 5 to 7 are respectively connected to the blower 8 by piping, and a pre-stage aeration means adjuster 9 is installed in the piping between the blower 8 and the aeration means 5. The air supplied by the blower 8 is sent to the aeration means 5 to 7 and aerated from the aeration means 5 to 7 in the aerobic tanks 2 to 4, respectively.

好気槽２〜４で曝気された空気は、好気槽２〜４内の撹拌と下水を処理する際に活性汚泥が必要とする酸素を供給している。前段曝気手段調整器９の開度を制御することで、好気槽群の前段である好気槽２は曝気量が変更される。   The air aerated in the aerobic tanks 2 to 4 supplies oxygen necessary for the activated sludge when processing the agitation and sewage in the aerobic tanks 2 to 4. By controlling the opening degree of the pre-stage aeration means adjuster 9, the amount of aeration is changed in the aerobic tank 2 which is the front stage of the aerobic tank group.

好気槽２〜４の上部には曝気した排ガスを回収するガス回収手段１０〜１２がそれぞれ設置されている。ガス回収手段１０〜１２により回収された排ガスは、ガス回収手段１０〜１２のそれぞれに接続された配管により１つの配管に集約されて排気され、排気される排ガスは、配管に設置されたＮ2Ｏ計測手段１３によってＮ2Ｏ濃度が計測されている。Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測信号は、制御手段１４に伝達される。制御手段１４は、計測されるＮ2Ｏ濃度に基づいて前段曝気手段調整器９を制御し、好気槽２への曝気量を制御する。 In the upper part of the aerobic tanks 2 to 4, gas recovery means 10 to 12 for recovering the aerated exhaust gas are respectively installed. The exhaust gas recovered by the gas recovery means 10-12 is collected and exhausted to one pipe by the pipe connected to each of the gas recovery means 10-12, and the exhaust gas exhausted is N 2 installed in the pipe. The O 2 measuring means 13 measures the N 2 O concentration. A measurement signal from the N 2 O measuring means 13 is transmitted to the control means 14. The control means 14 controls the pre-stage aeration means adjuster 9 based on the measured N 2 O concentration, and controls the amount of aeration to the aerobic tank 2.

Ｎ2Ｏは、嫌気槽の脱窒工程おいてＮＯ3−Ｎ→ＮＯ2−Ｎ→Ｎ2Ｏ→Ｎ2へと還元される過程で生成する。脱窒反応が良好に進行している場合、Ｎ2ＯはＮ2ガスなとり大気中に放出されるが、脱窒反応が不完全、すなわち脱窒不良になるとＮ2Ｏが反応液に溶解して蓄積する。 N 2 O is generated in the process of reduction from NO 3 —N → NO 2 —N → N 2 O → N 2 in the denitrification step of the anaerobic tank. When the denitrification reaction is proceeding well, N 2 O is released into the atmosphere without N 2 gas, but when the denitrification reaction is incomplete, that is, when the denitrification is poor, N 2 O dissolves in the reaction solution. Accumulate.

溶解性Ｎ2Ｏは、嫌気槽１から好気槽２へ流入すると、曝気によりパージされ、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度が増加する。このため、溶解性Ｎ2Ｏの蓄積を抑制できればＮ2Ｏ排出量を削減できる。溶存Ｎ2Ｏの蓄積を抑制するためには、脱窒反応を促進する運転条件に制御することが必要である。 When the soluble N 2 O flows from the anaerobic tank 1 to the aerobic tank 2, it is purged by aeration, and the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas increases. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the N 2 O emissions if suppressing the accumulation of soluble N 2 O. In order to suppress the accumulation of dissolved N 2 O, it is necessary to control the operating conditions to promote the denitrification reaction.

なお、図１に示す例では、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３はガス回収手段１０〜１２の排ガスの合流後の配管に設置されているが、好気槽２で曝気によりパージされたＮ2Ｏを計測するためには、ガス回収手段１０の配管に設置するとよい。 In the example shown in FIG. 1, the N 2 O measuring means 13 is installed in the pipe after the exhaust gas merging of the gas recovery means 10 to 12, but N 2 O purged by aeration in the aerobic tank 2 is used. In order to measure, it is good to install in the piping of the gas recovery means 10.

本実施例では、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度の増加が検知された際に、その原因が脱窒不良であると推定して脱窒促進運転を行う。本実施例の制御方法について説明する。 In this embodiment, when an increase in the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas is detected, it is estimated that the cause is a denitrification failure, and the denitrification promotion operation is performed. A control method according to the present embodiment will be described.

制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が予め設定された上限値Ａを超過した場合に、前段曝気手段調整器９を制御し、好気槽２への曝気量を予め設定された下限値Ｂに設定する。ここで、上限値Ａは、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値の一日の平均値の１.５〜１０倍に設定している。また、固定された数値を用いる場合には５ppm〜２０ppmに設定している。下限値Ｂは、好気槽２を曝気により撹拌でき、溶存酸素濃度が低下して実質的に嫌気反応となる曝気量に設定される。 When the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the preset upper limit value A, the control means 14 controls the pre-stage aeration means adjuster 9 and the aeration amount to the aerobic tank 2 is preset. The lower limit B is set. Here, the upper limit value A is set to 1.5 to 10 times the daily average value of the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13. Moreover, when using the fixed numerical value, it is set to 5 ppm-20 ppm. The lower limit B is set to an aeration amount in which the aerobic tank 2 can be agitated by aeration, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is lowered to cause an anaerobic reaction substantially.

このように曝気量を下限値Ｂに設定する制御により、好気槽２は実質的には嫌気槽となる。溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが増加した原因として、脱窒反応の時間が短いことが原因であるため、嫌気槽を一時的に追加でき脱窒の反応時間を長くでき、脱窒反応を促進できる。好気槽２の嫌気化だけでは不足する場合は、順次嫌気槽側の好気槽を嫌気化させるとよい。 As described above, the aerobic tank 2 is substantially an anaerobic tank by controlling the aeration amount to the lower limit B. The cause of the increase in the soluble N 2 O is that the denitrification reaction time is short, so an anaerobic tank can be temporarily added, the denitrification reaction time can be increased, and the denitrification reaction can be promoted. In the case where the anaerobic tank 2 alone is insufficient, it is preferable to make the anaerobic tank on the anaerobic tank side anaerobic one after another.

なお、好気槽２を嫌気槽にすると、後段の好気槽での滞留時間が短くなる。このため、硝化反応の時間が短くなり、窒素除去率を低下する恐れがある。そこで、本実施例では、制御手段１４がブロワ８からの曝気量を維持したまま、前段曝気手段調整器９を制御して好気槽２の曝気量を低下させるようにしている。このように制御すると、好気槽３と好気槽４の曝気量は増加し、好気槽３〜４の溶存酸素濃度を上昇させる。一般的に、硝化反応は溶存酸素濃度が高いほど、反応速度が速くなるため、硝化時間が短くても硝化量の維持が可能である。硝化量が低下する場合は、制御手段１４は、前段曝気手段調整器９を制御した際にブロワ８の曝気量を増加させる。なお、ブロワ８の曝気量を変更すると曝気ガスの希釈によりＮ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が変化する。制御手段１４は、ブロワ８の全体の曝気量又は排ガス流量と、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値からＮ2Ｏ生成速度を算出し、Ｎ2Ｏ生成速度を制御指標に、前段曝気手段調整器９を制御すると良い。 If the aerobic tank 2 is an anaerobic tank, the residence time in the subsequent aerobic tank is shortened. For this reason, the time for the nitrification reaction is shortened and the nitrogen removal rate may be reduced. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the aeration amount in the aerobic tank 2 is reduced by controlling the upstream aeration means adjuster 9 while the control means 14 maintains the aeration amount from the blower 8. By controlling in this way, the amount of aeration in the aerobic tank 3 and the aerobic tank 4 increases, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic tanks 3 to 4 is increased. In general, the higher the dissolved oxygen concentration in the nitrification reaction, the faster the reaction rate. Therefore, even if the nitrification time is short, the nitrification amount can be maintained. When the nitrification amount decreases, the control unit 14 increases the aeration amount of the blower 8 when the pre-stage aeration unit adjuster 9 is controlled. When the aeration amount of the blower 8 is changed, the measurement value of the N 2 O measurement means 13 changes due to dilution of the aeration gas. The control means 14 calculates the N 2 O production rate from the entire aeration amount or exhaust gas flow rate of the blower 8 and the measured value of the N 2 O measurement means 13, and adjusts the pre-stage aeration means using the N 2 O production rate as a control index. The device 9 may be controlled.

本実施例によれば、溶解性Ｎ2ＯをＮ2に還元する脱窒反応を促進し、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を低下できＮ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる。 According to this example, the denitrification reaction for reducing soluble N 2 O to N 2 is promoted, the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas can be reduced, and the amount of N 2 O released can be reduced.

本発明の実施例２を図２により説明する。図２は本実施例の下水処理装置の構成図である。   A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment.

本実施例は、実施例１と同様に構成されているが、本実施例では、前段曝気手段調整器９が設けられていなく、好気槽４の反応液を嫌気槽１に循環する循環ポンプ１５を設けている。   The present embodiment is configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, the upstream aeration means adjuster 9 is not provided, and the circulation pump that circulates the reaction solution in the aerobic tank 4 to the anaerobic tank 1. 15 is provided.

循環ポンプ１５は好気槽４の反応液を嫌気槽１に循環する。本実施例の運転方式は硝化液循環法といわれ、嫌気槽１は無酸素槽といわれる。本実施例では、循環ポンプ１５による反応液の循環により好気槽で酸化されたＮＯ3−Ｎが嫌気槽１に流入し、Ｎ2ガスに還元されることで窒素除去率の向上が期待できる。循環ポンプ１５の流量は制御手段１４により制御される。 The circulation pump 15 circulates the reaction solution in the aerobic tank 4 to the anaerobic tank 1. The operation method of the present embodiment is called a nitrification liquid circulation method, and the anaerobic tank 1 is called an oxygen-free tank. In this embodiment, NO 3 —N oxidized in the aerobic tank by the circulation of the reaction liquid by the circulation pump 15 flows into the anaerobic tank 1 and is reduced to N 2 gas, so that an improvement in nitrogen removal rate can be expected. . The flow rate of the circulation pump 15 is controlled by the control means 14.

反応液の循環に伴い、好気槽４から嫌気槽１に流入するＮＯ3−Ｎが過剰になると、Ｎ2ＯからＮ2ガスへの還元が間に合わず、好気槽２への流入水に溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが増加し、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度が増加する。そこで、本実施例では、制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過した時に循環ポンプ１５の循環流量を低下させる。循環流量の低下により、嫌気槽１に流入するＮＯ3−Ｎが減少するため、脱窒不良時でも溶解性Ｎ2Ｏの蓄積を防止できる。循環流量の低下は、窒素除去率の低下を招くため、制御手段１４は窒素除去率の目標値を維持できる範囲で循環流量を低下させると良い。 With the circulation of the reaction solution, the NO 3 -N flowing from aerobic tank 4 to the anaerobic tank 1 is excessive, the reduction from the N 2 O to N 2 gas is too late, the inflow water to the aerobic tank 2 Soluble N 2 O increases and the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas increases. Therefore, in this embodiment, the control means 14 reduces the circulation flow rate of the circulation pump 15 when the measured value of the N 2 O measurement means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A. Since NO 3 —N flowing into the anaerobic tank 1 decreases due to the decrease in the circulation flow rate, accumulation of soluble N 2 O can be prevented even when denitrification is defective. Since the reduction of the circulation flow rate causes a reduction of the nitrogen removal rate, the control means 14 may reduce the circulation flow rate within a range where the target value of the nitrogen removal rate can be maintained.

本実施例によれば、循環するＮＯ3−Ｎを減少させ、脱窒不良時においても溶解性Ｎ2Ｏの蓄積を抑制でき、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を低下できＮ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる。 According to the present embodiment, the circulating NO 3 —N can be reduced, the accumulation of soluble N 2 O can be suppressed even in the case of poor denitrification, the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas can be reduced, and the amount of N 2 O released can be reduced. Can be reduced.

本発明の実施例３を図３により説明する。図３は本実施例の下水処理装置の構成図である。   A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment.

本実施例は、実施例１と同様に構成されているが、本実施例では、前段曝気手段調整器９が設けられていなく、有機物を追加投入する炭素源投入ポンプ１６を設けている。炭素源投入ポンプ１６は、活性汚泥が脱窒反応をする際に必要な電子供与体である有機物を追加投入する。有機物としてはメタノール、最初沈殿池で発生する汚泥などが挙げられる。炭素源投入ポンプ１６の流量は制御手段１４で制御される。   The present embodiment is configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, the pre-stage aeration means regulator 9 is not provided, but a carbon source input pump 16 for additionally supplying organic substances is provided. The carbon source charging pump 16 additionally charges an organic substance that is an electron donor necessary when the activated sludge performs a denitrification reaction. Organic substances include methanol and sludge generated in the first sedimentation basin. The flow rate of the carbon source charging pump 16 is controlled by the control means 14.

流入下水中の有機物が低下すると、電子供与体が減少し、脱窒量が減少する。脱窒量の減少に伴い溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが嫌気槽１の反応液に蓄積し、溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが好気槽２に流入することで、曝気により排ガスにパージされてＮ2Ｏ放出量が増加する。本実施例では、制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過した時に炭素源投入ポンプ１６を起動させる。炭素源投入ポンプ１６の流量は、予め設定されている設定値であり、流量がこの設定値となるように運転される。嫌気槽１に有機物が投入されると、脱窒反応が促進され溶解性Ｎ2ＯはＮ2ガスに還元される。 When the organic matter in the inflowing sewage falls, the electron donor decreases and the amount of denitrification decreases. As the amount of denitrification decreases, soluble N 2 O accumulates in the reaction solution in the anaerobic tank 1 and the soluble N 2 O flows into the aerobic tank 2 so that it is purged to the exhaust gas by aeration and releases N 2 O. The amount increases. In this embodiment, the control means 14 activates the carbon source charging pump 16 when the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A. The flow rate of the carbon source charging pump 16 is a preset set value, and is operated so that the flow rate becomes this set value. When an organic substance is introduced into the anaerobic tank 1, the denitrification reaction is promoted and the soluble N 2 O is reduced to N 2 gas.

本実施例によれば、有機物の減少に由来する脱窒不良時においても溶解性Ｎ2Ｏの蓄積を抑制でき、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を低減できＮ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる。 According to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of soluble N 2 O even at the time of poor denitrification resulting from the decrease in organic matter, to reduce the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas, and to reduce the amount of N 2 O released.

本発明の実施例４を図４により説明する。図４は本実施例の下水処理装置の構成図である。   A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment.

本実施例は、実施例１と同様に構成されているが、本実施例では、さらに好気槽４の反応液を嫌気槽１に循環する循環ポンプ１５と、有機物を追加投入する炭素源投入ポンプ１６と、嫌気槽１の反応液のＮＯ3−Ｎを計測するためのＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７を設けている。ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７の計測信号は制御手段１４に送られる。 The present embodiment is configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, a circulation pump 15 that circulates the reaction solution in the aerobic tank 4 to the anaerobic tank 1 and a carbon source input that additionally inputs organic matter. A pump 16 and NO 3 -N measuring means 17 for measuring NO 3 -N of the reaction solution in the anaerobic tank 1 are provided. The measurement signal of the NO 3 -N measuring means 17 is sent to the control means 14.

脱窒反応によりＮＯ3−Ｎは、ＮＯ2−Ｎ→Ｎ2Ｏ→Ｎ2へと還元されるため、ＮＯ3−Ｎが嫌気槽に残留していると溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが残留している可能性が高く、溶解性Ｎ2Ｏの指標にできる。 NO 3 —N is reduced to NO 2 —N → N 2 O → N 2 by the denitrification reaction, so if NO 3 —N remains in the anaerobic tank, soluble N 2 O remains. It can be used as an index of soluble N 2 O.

本実施例の制御方法について説明する。制御手段１４は、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７とＮ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値を受信する。制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過し、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７の計測値が上限値Ｂ以上で、１）前段曝気手段調整器９による好気槽２の曝気量を下限値にする、２）循環ポンプ１５の循環流量を低下させる、３）炭素源投入ポンプ１６を起動させる制御の中から、何れか一つ以上を実施する。 A control method according to the present embodiment will be described. The control means 14 receives the measured values of the NO 3 -N measuring means 17 and the N 2 O measuring means 13. The control means 14 is such that the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A and the measured value of the NO 3 -N measuring means 17 is equal to or higher than the upper limit value B. 1) Aerobic by the pre-stage aeration means adjuster 9 The aeration amount in the tank 2 is set to the lower limit value, 2) the circulation flow rate of the circulation pump 15 is reduced, and 3) one or more of the controls for starting the carbon source charging pump 16 are performed.

上限値Ｂは１〜１０mg／Ｌに設定する。Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過し、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７の計測値が上限値Ｂを超過した場合は、脱窒不良により溶解性Ｎ2Ｏが増加し、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度が増加したことが分かる。このため、対応策として上述した１）〜３）の制御を行い、脱窒反応を促進する運転条件にすることでＮ2Ｏ排出量を削減できる。 The upper limit B is set to 1-10 mg / L. When the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A and the measured value of the NO 3 —N measuring means 17 exceeds the upper limit value B, the solubility N 2 O increases due to denitrification failure, It can be seen that the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas has increased. Therefore, and it controls the above-described 1) to 3) as a countermeasure, it is possible to reduce the N 2 O emissions by the operating conditions that promote denitrification.

なお、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７の代わりに溶解性Ｎ2Ｏを計測するための溶解性Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段でもよい。また、上述の前段曝気手段調整器９，循環ポンプ１５，炭素源投入ポンプ１６の３つが全て設置されている必要はなく、何れか一つ以上設置されていれば良い。又、複数設置されている場合は、順次制御すると良く、Ｎ2Ｏ生成量の抑制に加えて窒素除去率が向上できる運転条件が望ましいため、制御する順番は炭素源投入ポンプ１６を上位にするとよい。 It may be a soluble N 2 O measurement means for measuring the solubility N 2 O instead of NO 3 -N measuring means 17. Further, it is not necessary that all of the above-mentioned pre-stage aeration means regulator 9, circulation pump 15, and carbon source input pump 16 are installed, and any one or more of them may be installed. In addition, when a plurality of units are installed, it is preferable to sequentially control them, and it is desirable to have an operation condition that can improve the nitrogen removal rate in addition to the suppression of the amount of N 2 O generation. Good.

本実施例によれば、嫌気槽１での脱窒不良が原因でＮ2Ｏ放出量が増加している条件を特定でき、脱窒反応を促進させる運転に制御できるため、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を低減できＮ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる。 According to this embodiment, since the de-窒不good under anaerobic tank 1 can identify the conditions that N 2 O emissions caused is increased, it can be controlled in operation to promote the denitrification reaction, N 2 in the flue gas O concentration can be reduced and N 2 O emission amount can be reduced.

本発明の実施例５を図５により説明する。図５は本実施例の下水処理装置の構成図である。   A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment.

本実施例は、実施例４と同様に構成されているが、本実施例では、ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段１７が設けられていなく、流入水水質計測手段１８，処理水水質計測手段１９，処理水水質推定手段２０，処理水水質判定手段２１が設けられている。流入水水質計測手段１８，処理水水質計測手段１９，処理水水質推定手段２０は、それぞれ処理水水質判定手段２１に接続されている。 The present embodiment is configured in the same manner as the fourth embodiment, but in this embodiment, the NO 3 -N measuring means 17 is not provided, and the influent water quality measuring means 18, the treated water quality measuring means 19, and the treatment Water quality estimation means 20 and treated water quality determination means 21 are provided. The influent water quality measuring means 18, the treated water quality measuring means 19, and the treated water quality estimating means 20 are connected to the treated water quality determining means 21, respectively.

流入水水質計測手段１８は、流入水中の有機物，窒素，りんなどを計測し、計測値を処理水水質判定手段２１に送る。処理水水質計測手段１９は、処理水水質基準項目である有機物，窒素，りんなどを計測し、計測値を処理水水質判定手段２１に送る。処理水水質推定手段２０は、処理水水質基準項目である有機物，窒素，りんなどの濃度を算出し、その算出値を処理水水質判定手段２１に送る。   The influent water quality measurement means 18 measures organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the inflow water and sends the measured values to the treated water quality determination means 21. The treated water quality measuring means 19 measures organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., which are treated water quality standard items, and sends the measured values to the treated water quality determining means 21. The treated water quality estimation means 20 calculates the concentration of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., which are treated water quality standard items, and sends the calculated value to the treated water quality determination means 21.

処理水水質推定手段２０は、国際水協会（ＩＷＡ）から提案されている活性汚泥モデルを組み込んだシミュレータや、予め設定された運転条件と除去率の関係を用いて処理水水質を算出する。なお、処理水水質推定手段２０は、運転条件や流入水水質情報を算出に用いる際には、流入水水質計測手段１８や制御手段１４からその情報を入手する。   The treated water quality estimation means 20 calculates the treated water quality using a simulator incorporating an activated sludge model proposed by the International Water Association (IWA) and a relationship between preset operating conditions and removal rates. The treated water quality estimating means 20 obtains the information from the influent water quality measuring means 18 and the control means 14 when using the operating conditions and the influent water quality information for calculation.

処理水水質判定手段２１は、流入水水質計測手段１８だけが設置されている場合には、予め設定された除去率から処理水水質を予測する。また、処理水水質判定手段２１は、データベースを備え、流入水水質計測手段１８の計測値により処理水水質を推定できるようにしてもよい。   When only the influent water quality measuring means 18 is installed, the treated water quality determining means 21 predicts the treated water quality from a preset removal rate. The treated water quality determination unit 21 may include a database so that the treated water quality can be estimated from the measurement value of the influent water quality measurement unit 18.

処理水水質判定手２１は、流入水水質計測手段１８，処理水水質計測手段１９，処理水水質推定手段２０のうちの少なくとも１により得られた処理水水質と予め設定された水質規制値とを比較する。水質項目は窒素にすることが望ましい。処理水水質判定手段２１は、処理水水質が規制値以上か以下かの情報を制御手段１４に与える。制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過し、処理水水質が規制値以上の場合は、炭素源投入ポンプ１６を起動する。 The treated water quality determination unit 21 uses the treated water quality obtained by at least one of the influent water quality measurement means 18, the treated water quality measurement means 19, and the treated water quality estimation means 20 and a preset water quality regulation value. Compare. The water quality item should be nitrogen. The treated water quality determination means 21 gives the control means 14 information on whether the treated water quality is above or below the regulation value. The control means 14 starts the carbon source injection pump 16 when the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A and the treated water quality is not less than the regulation value.

排ガスのＮ2Ｏ濃度が増加し、処理水の窒素濃度が増加した場合は、炭素源不足により脱窒反応が低下した恐れがあるので、このような制御を実施することで脱窒反応が促進され、Ｎ2Ｏ発生量を抑制できる。Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過し、処理水水質が規制値以上の場合には、循環ポンプ１５の流量低下又は前段曝気手段調整器９を制御して好気槽２の嫌気化を行うことにより、窒素除去率の低下を招く場合があるので、水質規制値を満足するために制御を実施しない。したがって、制御手段１４は、炭素源投入ポンプ１６が設置されていない場合は、運転条件を変更しない。 If the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas increases and the nitrogen concentration in the treated water increases, the denitrification reaction may be reduced due to a shortage of the carbon source. Thus, the amount of N 2 O generated can be suppressed. When the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means 13 exceeds the upper limit value A and the quality of the treated water is equal to or higher than the regulation value, the flow rate of the circulation pump 15 is reduced or the pre-aeration means adjuster 9 is controlled to control the aerobic tank 2. Since anaerobic dehydration may lead to a decrease in nitrogen removal rate, control is not performed to satisfy the water quality regulation value. Therefore, the control means 14 does not change the operating conditions when the carbon source charging pump 16 is not installed.

制御手段１４は、Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段１３の計測値が上限値Ａを超過し、処理水水質が規制値以下の場合は、循環ポンプ１５の循環流量の低下、又は前段曝気手段調整器９による好気槽２への曝気量を下限値Ａに設定する。これらの制御は除去率を低下させる恐れがあるが、処理水水質が良好なため処理水が規制値を超過することがない。制御手段１４は、処理水水質を水質値で分類し、分類に応じて循環ポンプ１５の循環流量を設定しても良い。 When the measured value of the N 2 O measuring unit 13 exceeds the upper limit value A and the quality of the treated water is below the regulation value, the control unit 14 reduces the circulating flow rate of the circulation pump 15 or uses the pre-stage aeration unit regulator 9. The amount of aeration to the aerobic tank 2 is set to the lower limit value A. Although these controls may reduce the removal rate, the treated water does not exceed the regulation value because the treated water quality is good. The control means 14 may classify the treated water quality by the water quality value and set the circulation flow rate of the circulation pump 15 according to the classification.

本実施例によれば、処理水水質を考慮して、溶解性Ｎ2Ｏを低下させる運転に制御できるため、排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を低減でき、Ｎ2Ｏ放出量を削減できる。又、処理水水質を規制値以内に維持できる。 According to the present embodiment, the operation can be controlled to reduce the soluble N 2 O in consideration of the quality of the treated water, so that the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas can be reduced and the amount of N 2 O released can be reduced. Moreover, the quality of treated water can be maintained within the regulation value.

１ 嫌気槽
２〜４ 好気槽
５〜７ 曝気手段
８ ブロワ
９ 前段曝気手段調整器
１０〜１２ ガス回収手段
１３ Ｎ2Ｏ計測手段
１４ 制御手段
１５ 循環ポンプ
１６ 炭素源投入ポンプ
１７ ＮＯ3−Ｎ計測手段
１８ 流入水水質計測手段
１９ 処理水水質計測手段
２０ 処理水水質推定手段
２１ 処理水水質判定手段 1 anaerobic tank 2-4 aerobic 5-7 aeration unit 8 blower 9 preceding aerating means adjusters 10 to 12 gas recovery unit 13 N 2 O measurement means 14 control means 15 circulating pump 16 carbon source is turned pump 17 NO 3 -N Measuring means 18 Influent water quality measuring means 19 Treated water quality measuring means 20 Treated water quality estimating means 21 Treated water quality judging means

Claims (6)

上流側に設置される嫌気槽と下流側に設置される好気槽を有する活性汚泥が投入されている複数の反応槽と、
前記好気槽に設置される複数の曝気手段と、
好気槽の上部に設置され曝気ガスを回収するためのガス回収手段と、
該ガス回収手段によって集められた排ガス中のＮ2Ｏ濃度を計測するためのＮ2Ｏ計測手段と、
前記嫌気槽の下流側に反応液のＮＯ 3 −Ｎを計測するためのＮＯ 3 −Ｎ計測手段と、
前記嫌気槽に炭素源を投入するための炭素源投入手段と、
前記好気槽の下流側から前記嫌気槽に反応液を循環するための循環手段と、
前記複数の曝気手段のうち最も嫌気槽側の前記曝気手段の送風量を調整するための前段曝気手段調整器と、
前記Ｎ 2 Ｏ計測手段と前記ＮＯ 3 −Ｎ計測手段の計測信号が入力され、前記炭素源投入手段、前記循環手段、前記前段曝気手段調整器の少なくとも一つを制御する制御手段と、
該制御手段は、前記ＮＯ 3 −Ｎ計測手段の計測値が予め設定された上限値を超過した際に、前記炭素源投入手段が前記嫌気槽に炭素源を投入するように制御し、又は、前記循環手段の流量を低下させ、かつ、前記Ｎ 2 Ｏ計測手段の計測値が増加し、予め設定された上限値を超えた時は、前記最も嫌気槽側の前記曝気手段の曝気量を予め設定されている下限値とするように前記前段曝気手段調整器を制御する下水処理装置。 A plurality of reaction tanks filled with activated sludge having an anaerobic tank installed on the upstream side and an aerobic tank installed on the downstream side;
A plurality of aeration means installed in the aerobic tank;
A gas recovery means installed at the top of the aerobic tank for recovering the aerated gas;
N 2 O measuring means for measuring the N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas collected by the gas recovery means;
NO 3 -N measuring means for measuring NO 3 -N in the reaction solution downstream of the anaerobic tank ;
A carbon source input means for supplying a carbon source to the anaerobic tank;
A circulation means for circulating the reaction liquid from the downstream side of the aerobic tank to the anaerobic tank;
A pre-stage aeration means adjuster for adjusting the air flow rate of the aeration means on the most anaerobic tank side among the plurality of aeration means;
Control means for inputting measurement signals of the N 2 O measurement means and the NO 3 -N measurement means, and controlling at least one of the carbon source input means, the circulation means, and the pre-stage aeration means regulator;
The control means controls the carbon source input means to input a carbon source into the anaerobic tank when the measured value of the NO 3 —N measurement means exceeds a preset upper limit value, or When the flow rate of the circulating means is decreased and the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means increases and exceeds a preset upper limit value, the aeration amount of the aeration means on the most anaerobic tank side is set in advance. A sewage treatment apparatus that controls the front-stage aeration means adjuster so as to have a set lower limit value . 請求項１に記載の下水処理装置において、
前記前段曝気手段調整器を制御する時に、前記好気槽全体での曝気量は一定とした下水処理装置。 The sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 1,
A sewage treatment apparatus in which the amount of aeration in the entire aerobic tank is constant when the pre-stage aeration means adjuster is controlled. 請求項１に記載の下水処理装置において、The sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 1,
流入水の水質を計測するための流入水質計測手段と、Inflow water quality measuring means for measuring the quality of influent water,
処理水の水質を計測するための処理水水質計測手段と、Treated water quality measuring means for measuring the quality of treated water;
流入水水質，流入流量，運転条件の少なくとも一つを用いて処理水の水質を推定する処理水水質推定手段と、Treated water quality estimation means for estimating the quality of treated water using at least one of influent water quality, inflow rate, and operating conditions;
前記流入水水質計測手段，前記処理水水質計測手段，前記処理水水質推定手段の少なくとも１つの信号に基づいて処理水水質が基準値を満足しているか否かを判定する処理水水質判定手段とを備え、Treated water quality determining means for determining whether the treated water quality satisfies a reference value based on at least one signal of the influent water quality measuring means, the treated water quality measuring means, and the treated water quality estimating means; With
前記制御手段は、前記処理水水質判定手段の情報に基づいて処理水水質が基準値を満足していると判断された場合に運転量を変更する下水処理装置。The control means is a sewage treatment apparatus that changes the operation amount when it is determined that the treated water quality satisfies a reference value based on the information of the treated water quality determination means. 上流側に設置される嫌気槽と下流側に設置される好気槽を有する活性汚泥が投入されている複数の反応槽により下水を処理する下水処理方法であって、
前記好気槽の上部に設置され、前記好気槽に設置される複数の曝気手段によって曝気される曝気ガスを回収するためのガス回収手段によって集められた排ガス中のＮ 2 Ｏ濃度をＮ 2 Ｏ計測手段により計測すること、
ＮＯ 3 −Ｎ計測手段により前記嫌気槽の下流側に反応液のＮＯ 3 −Ｎを計測すること、
前記ＮＯ 3 −Ｎ計測手段の計測値が予め設定された上限値を超過した際に、前記嫌気槽に炭素源を投入するための炭素源投入手段により投入炭素源を投入すること、又は、前記好気槽の下流側から前記嫌気槽に反応液を循環するための循環手段による循環流量を低下させること、
前記Ｎ 2 Ｏ計測手段の計測値が予め設定された上限値を超過した際に、制御手段が前記嫌気槽側の前記曝気手段の曝気量を予め設定されている下限値とすることを特徴とする下水処理方法。 A sewage treatment method for treating sewage with a plurality of reaction tanks in which activated sludge having an anaerobic tank installed on the upstream side and an aerobic tank installed on the downstream side is charged,
The N 2 O concentration in the exhaust gas collected by the gas recovery means for recovering the aerated gas installed at the upper part of the aerobic tank and aerated by the plurality of aeration means installed in the aerobic tank is expressed as N 2. Measuring with O measuring means,
Measuring the NO 3 -N of the reaction solution downstream of the anaerobic tank by NO 3 -N measuring means,
When the measured value of the NO 3 -N measuring means exceeds a preset upper limit value, the input carbon source is input by the carbon source input means for supplying the carbon source to the anaerobic tank, or Reducing the circulation flow rate by the circulation means for circulating the reaction liquid from the downstream side of the aerobic tank to the anaerobic tank,
When the measured value of the N 2 O measuring means exceeds a preset upper limit value, the control means sets the aeration amount of the aeration means on the anaerobic tank side to a preset lower limit value. sewage processing method. 請求項４に記載の下水処理方法において、The sewage treatment method according to claim 4,
制御手段が前記嫌気槽側の前記曝気手段の曝気量を予め設定されている下限値とするとともに、前記好気槽全体での曝気量は一定とした下水処理方法。A sewage treatment method, wherein the control means sets the aeration amount of the aeration means on the anaerobic tank side to a preset lower limit value, and the aeration quantity in the entire aerobic tank is constant. 請求項４に記載の下水処理方法において、The sewage treatment method according to claim 4,
流入水質計測手段により流入水の水質を計測すること、Measuring the quality of influent water by means of influent water quality measuring means,
処理水水質計測手段により処理水の水質を計測すること、Measuring the quality of the treated water by means of the treated water quality measuring means,
流入水水質，流入流量，運転条件の少なくとも一つを用いて処理水の水質を推定すること、Estimating the quality of treated water using at least one of influent water quality, inflow rate, and operating conditions;
前記処理水水質が基準値を満足しているか否かを判定して運転量を変更する下水処理方法。A sewage treatment method for determining whether or not the quality of the treated water satisfies a reference value and changing an operation amount.
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