JP5069105B2 - マルチモードの光画像化方法及びその光ファイバスキャナ - Google Patents
マルチモードの光画像化方法及びその光ファイバスキャナ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、連邦報告書1 R21 CA96633−01及び連邦報告書1 R21 CA094303−01A1のもと、少なくとも部分的に国立保健研究所(NIH)の助成金を通じて資金提供を受けており、米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有することができる。
図3は、本発明に係るOCT走査システムの走査パターンを概念的に示す図である。本発明は、所与の深度で横断方向に高速に走査し、異なる深度にゆっくりと移動し、再び横断方向に高速に走査する。
図12Aは、本発明に係るOCT走査システムの概念ブロック図である。図3に示す従来のOCT走査システムにおける画像取得列(image acquisition seguence)を使用した小型内視鏡によるリアルタイムOCT画像化が、光ファイバ走査OCTシステム110を使用して実験的に実証されている。1.29μmの中心波長及び31nmの半値幅(FWHM)スペクトルバンド幅を有する超発光レーザダイオード(SLD)が、低コヒーレンス光源20に採用されている。短パルスレーザなどの他の先進的な低コヒーレンス光源20と、光ファイバにおける光子の連続生成を、超高分解能を達成するために使用することができる。図3に示す従来のOCT走査システムにおける画像取得列に対して、電気光学変調器(electo−optic modulator)112が基準アーム内で使用され(又は、音響光学変調器が使用可能)、ドップラー周波数を約1.5MHzに引き上げる。位相変調水晶(別個には示さず)からの散乱は、レンズ116とグレーティング(回折格子)118とレンズ120及び傾斜鏡(tilting mirror)122を含む回折格子型相制御遅延線114を使用して、3次に補正される。散乱補正後の測定した軸方向分解能は約25μmであり、これは低コヒーレンス光源の理想値24μmに非常に近い。低速な深度走査が位相制御光遅延線内で実行され、遅延線のために生じるドップラー周波数のシフトは傾斜鏡122の回転軸にビームを集中することで0に設定される。
上述した同じ走査内視鏡を正面共焦点画像化に対して使用できる。本発明のこの適用に対し、画像化は階層毎に行われ3D画像は1枚1枚組み立てられることは理解されるであろう。層を生成する2D正面走査を実行するため、PZTアクチュエータのX及びY象限の両方が図11に示す三角変調正弦信号により駆動され、図10のようにX及びY波形の位相が90度ずれて、螺旋操作パターン100を生成する。走査光ビームは内外に螺旋状にこのパターンを生成する。しかしながら、他の所望の走査パターンもその代わりとして使用できる。画像フレーム率は三角変調周波数の2倍である。破棄及び補間アルゴリズムが採用され、画像上の不均一な画素密度(即ち、中心で密度が濃く、外周に向かって粗くなる)を補正する。異なる深度での共焦点画像化が、図9の深度焦点追跡メカニズム、又は図13及び図15A乃至図18に関して以下で詳述する他の実施態様の1つのいずれかを使用して実行される。共焦点画像化内視鏡の横断方向及び軸方向分解能は、OCT画像化に対して上述したように一般的に特徴付けられる。
図13は、ステッパモータを使用して後続の横断方向走査の各々に対して焦点深度を変化させる実施態様の概念的な断面図である。符号130は、深度焦点追跡を変化させるための実施態様を示している。
Claims (25)
- 光ファイバスキャナを用いて領域の画像化中に高速走査を実行するために、前記領域の光学コヒーレンストモグラフィと共焦点画像化及び多光子励起画像化の一つを実行する光画像化方法であって、
(a)前記光ファイバスキャナを準備する準備ステップであって、前記光ファイバスキャナは、固定された取付ベースから片持ち支持されたアクチュエータと、光ファイバと、片持梁光ファイバを形成するアクチュエータから片持ち支持された前記光ファイバの部分とを含み、前記アクチュエータは、該アクチュエータの複数の軸に関連して前記片持梁光ファイバを駆動するために、予め定められたパターンに配置された複数の一対のドライバを含み、
(b)前記光ファイバスキャナの遠位部を起動する起動ステップであって、所望の走査パターンを備える2次元領域走査経路内で高速に移動され、かつ前記片持梁光ファイバの共振周波数及びそれに近い共振周波数の一つで振動するように駆動され、前記アクチュエータの結合は、片持ち支持され、片持梁光ファイバは、高速で前記2次元領域走査経路内で移動するように、前記片持梁光ファイバの大きな変位を引き起こされ、さらに、前記起動ステップは、要求された走査パターン内で前記片持梁光ファイバを駆動するために、複数の一対の前記ドライバを起動するような信号を適用するステップからなり、
(c)前記片持梁光ファイバを介して光を伝達し、前記片持梁光ファイバの前記遠位部から光を発するステップであって、前記片持梁光ファイバの前記遠位部から発せられた光で前記領域を照明するために、要求された深さにおける要求された走査パターン内の前記領域を走査し、
(d)異なる要求された深度で走査するために、可変焦点流体レンズに加えられる電位に応じて縦方向に焦点を移動させる前記可変焦点流体レンズの焦点を変更することにより前記光ファイバスキャナの焦点を前記の所望の操作パターン平面に対して直角な軸に沿って移動させる移動ステップと
(e)前記起動ステップ(b)を前記異なる要求された深度で繰り返すステップと
を有することを特徴とする光画像化方法。 - 前記起動ステップにより、前記光ファイバの前記遠位部は、前記光ファイバスキャナの長軸に対して横方向に前後動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記起動ステップは、さらに、前記光ファイバの前記遠位部を駆動して2つの直交する方向で移動させ、双方は前記光ファイバスキャナの長軸に直交することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナの前記焦点は、前記光ファイバの前記遠位部が、所望パターンで前記領域を走査するために、前記平面内で移動されるように起動される速度よりも低い速度で、異なる深度に移動されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナの前記焦点は、長軸方向に段階的に移動され、所望の異なる深度の各々に対して前記軌道ステップ(b)及び前記移動ステップ(c)を繰り返し、その結果、前記片持梁光ファイバスキャナは、横断方向に複数の異なる深度で走査することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 光コヒーレンストモグラフィを実行するとき、電気光学相変調器及び音響光学変調器の1つをサンプルアーム又は基準アームの1つで採用するステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- レーザを備える光源付きの多光子励起画像化を実行する内、前記レーザパルスをプレチャーピングして、前記光が前記領域内で前記焦点に到達する前に前記レーザからの前記光のパルス拡大を前もって補償するステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナに光学的に結合するレンズを用いて、前記光ファイバスキャナの前記遠位端を通過する光を集束するステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナの前記遠位端に光学的に結合する前記レンズは、屈折型レンズ、グレーデッドインデックス(GRIN)型レンズ、複数のレンズ要素を有する小型複合光学収差レンズの少なくとも1つを備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナの前記遠位端を通過する光を、前記光ファイバスキャナを通過する光を伝送する光ファイバの前記遠位端に対して長手方向に移動するレンズを用いて集束及び収集し、前記光ファイバスキャナの前記焦点を調整するステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 光が伝送される光ファイバスキャナ内の前記片持梁光ファイバの遠位端上に角度付き面取り部を生成するステップ及び反射防止コーティングを1つ又は複数の反射可能面に適用するステップのうちの少なくとも1つのステップを実行することによって、後方反射を大幅に低減するステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 前記光ファイバスキャナを準備する準備ステップは、前記光ファイバスキャナを内視鏡を用いて、あるいは用いないで運ぶステップを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光画像化方法。
- 対象物の光学コヒーレンストモグラフィと共焦点画像化及び多光子励起画像化の一つの画像化中に高速横断方向走査を行うように適合された小型光ファイバスキャナであって、
(a)光を発生する光源と、
(b)近位端及び遠位端を有し、前記光源が前記近位端に光学的に結合され、前記遠位端は前記対象物の隣接位置に位置決めされるように適合される光ファイバと、
(c)該光ファイバの長軸の前記遠位端に隣接して配置された走査アクチュエータであって、前記光ファイバの部分が、前記走査アクチュエータから片持ち支持され、2つの直交方向内で振動するために前記光ファイバの前記遠位端に配置された前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分を駆動し、2つの直交方向の両方は前記光ファイバの長軸に対して直交し、前記光ファイバを介して伝達される光源によって光を発生し、かつ前記片持ちされた部分の遠位端から発光して所望の走査パターンで着目領域を走査させ、前記走査アクチュエータは、共振周波数及びそれに近い周波数のうちの1つで振動させるための前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分を駆動し、前記走査アクチュエータから片持ちされた前記光ファイバの部分の周りで軸対称に構成され、前記光ファイバの長軸の周りで同軸上に構成された筒状の圧電ドライバからなり、それによって小型の構成が実現でき、
(d)前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端の近傍に配置され、前記走査アクチュエータから長軸において離れた焦点レンズと、
(e)該焦点レンズの焦点を移動させて前記光ファイバスキャナの焦点位置を変化させ、前記走査アクチュエータ及び前記光ファイバの片持ちされた部分が、前回の深度で走査完了した後に対象物内の異なる深度で走査させる焦点変位器であって、前記焦点変位器は、可変焦点流体レンズに加えられる電位に応じて縦方向に前記光ファイバスキャナの焦点位置を移動させる前記可変焦点流体レンズを有し、
(f)前記対象物から反射され、前記光ファイバスキャナで収集される光に応答し、信号を発生する光検出器と
を備えたことを特徴とする光ファイバスキャナ。 - 前記走査アクチュエータは、前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分を駆動し、前記光ファイバスキャナの長軸に対して横方向に前後に振動させることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記走査アクチュエータは、前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分を駆動し、前記所望のパターンを含む2次元の領域走査経路内で振動させることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記光源が生成した光の光学経路内でスプリッタに結合する基準アームをさらに備え、前記光ファイバの遠位端を含む測定アームと前記基準アームとの間で前記光源からの光が分割され、前記基準アームは、光コヒーレンストモグラフィの実行中に使用される電気光学相変調器及び音響光学周波数変調器の1つを備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記焦点変位器は、前記焦点レンズの焦点を、前記走査アクチュエータが前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端を所望のパターンで振動させる速度より低い速度で変化させることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記焦点変位器は、前記焦点レンズの焦点位置を段階的及び連続的な方法の1つで変化させ、所望の異なる深度の各々に焦点を当てることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端に光学的に連結されるレンズをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端に光学的に連結される前記レンズは、屈折型レンズとグレーデッドインデックス(GRIN)型レンズ及び小型複合光学収差レンズのいずれか1つを備えたことを特徴とする請求項19に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記焦点変位器は、前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端と前記焦点レンズとの間の距離を変化させ、所望の異なる深度の各々で走査するために前記焦点位置を変化させることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の前記遠位端は、角度付き面取り部及び反射防止コーティングの少なくとも1つを、着目している波長に対して備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記走査アクチュエータは、圧電アクチュエータを備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 光コヒーレンストモグラフィにおいて使用するため、前記光検出器が生成した信号を復調するためのアナログ及びデジタル復調器の1つをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
- 前記光ファイバの前記片持ちされた部分の遠位端付近に配置される筒状筐体をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光ファイバスキャナ。
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2005
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- 2005-06-28 JP JP2007519357A patent/JP5069105B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1768564A2 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
WO2006004743A3 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
EP1768564A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
US7616986B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
JP2008504557A (ja) | 2008-02-14 |
US20040254474A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
WO2006004743A2 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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