JP4950916B2 - 撮像素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
撮像素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Cameras In General (AREA)
Description
本発明の実施形態1における撮像装置を説明する。
本発明の実施形態1においては、4個の撮像素子105、106、107、108で撮像された4個の画像を合成してカラー画像を得る。この画像合成はDSPなどの演算装置を含む基板206が司る。各撮像素子は多数の画素で構成されているので、複数個の撮像素子の画像を合成するには、各々の撮像素子に含まれる各画素に、その位置に対応した座標を指定する必要があり、この各画素の座標指定を行うにあたっては、その基準となる原点が必要である。
次に、実施形態1の撮像装置について、各撮像素子上の画像位置について説明する。
次に、実施形態1の撮像装置の画像合成について説明する。
携帯電話などに搭載される撮像装置には、焦点制御、手振れ補正、拡大写真(ズーム)、接写写真(マクロ)などの機能も要求される。これらの機能を実現するには、レンズ系と撮像素子との相対位置を、レンズ系の光軸に垂直な方向または平行な方向に変化させる必要がある。実施形態1の撮像装置は、撮像素子を図1に示すZ方向、X方向、およびY方向に、独立に微動できる3次元駆動手段を搭載する。図14〜図19を用いて、この3次元駆動手段の構造と機能を説明する。
実施形態1の撮像装置が備える各種機能のうち、先ず、焦点制御機能を説明する。
次に、実施形態1の撮像装置の手振れ補正機能を説明する。
次に、拡大写真(ズーム)機能について説明する。実施形態1の撮像装置では、光学的な倍率を大きくする事なしに電子的に鮮明な拡大画像を得る。そのためには、図14から図20に説明した3次元駆動手段を用いて、各撮像素子を各単レンズの光軸と垂直な方向に移動させる必要がある。
ここで、実施形態1の撮像装置の具体的な形状、大きさの例を示す。
レンズ表面に回折格子を形成した回折格子レンズについて考察する。回折格子の効率を向上させるにはブレーズ化する方法が望ましい。しかし、ある波長帯域(例えば緑色)に最適化されたブレーズ回折格子は、その波長帯域に対しては回折効率が高いが、他の波長帯域(例えば赤色または青色)に対しては効率が劣化して余分な光を生じる。撮像系では赤色、緑色、青色の全ての波長帯域に対して効率を高くする必要があり、そのために回折格子を撮像系に利用するには限界があった。
実施形態1では4個の撮像素子を用いたが、単一撮像素子を用い、それを4つの撮像領域に分割して用いる事もできる。
実施形態1から3では、複数のレンズ系を持ち、各レンズ系を緑または赤または青の波長領域のみに対応させる事で、色収差への要求を緩和して、各レンズ系の焦点距離を短くできる。また、実施形態2では、レンズの表面に回折格子を形成して、像面湾曲を小さくして、更に焦点距離を短くできる。
本発明の撮像装置を備えた携帯機器の一例として携帯電話を説明する。
図14から図20を用いて説明した3次元駆動手段は、実施形態1から3の様な、複数のレンズ系と複数の撮像領域を持つ撮像装置だけではなく、従来と同様に単一光軸上に組み合わせレンズ系を備えた撮像装置にも適用できる。
Claims (3)
- 複数の画素のそれぞれの受光部の上に第1の光学材料からなる第1層を形成する工程と、
前記第1層の前記受光部の上の位置に第1穴を形成する工程と、
前記第1穴に前記第1の光学材料よりも屈折率の高い第2の光学材料を埋め込む工程と、
前記第1穴に埋め込まれた前記第2の光学材料及び前記第1層の上に、前記第1の光学材料からなる第2層を形成する工程と、
前記第2層の前記受光部が対向する位置に第2穴を形成する工程と、
前記第2穴に前記第2の光学材料を埋め込む工程と、
前記第2穴に埋め込まれた前記第2の光学材料の上にフォトレジスト層を形成する工程と、
前記フォトレジスト層を熱処理して前記フォトレジスト層の上面を丸く変形させる工程と、
前記丸く変形されたフォトレジスト層の上部からエッチング処理することにより、前記第2穴に埋め込まれた前記第2の光学材料の上面をレンズ形状に加工する工程と
を備えることを特徴とする撮像素子の製造方法。 - 前記第2の光学材料の屈折率は1.8以上であり、前記第1の光学材料の屈折率は1.8以下である請求項1に記載の撮像素子の製造方法。
- 前記第1穴の開口径は、前記第2穴の開口径より小さい請求項1に記載の撮像素子の製造方法。
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JP2008041677A JP4950916B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2008-02-22 | 撮像素子の製造方法 |
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JP2003362579 | 2003-10-22 | ||
JP2003362579 | 2003-10-22 | ||
JP2004000070 | 2004-01-05 | ||
JP2004000070 | 2004-01-05 | ||
JP2004100064 | 2004-03-30 | ||
JP2004100064 | 2004-03-30 | ||
JP2008041677A JP4950916B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2008-02-22 | 撮像素子の製造方法 |
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JP2007302918A Division JP4275717B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-11-22 | 撮像装置 |
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JP2008153691A JP2008153691A (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
JP4950916B2 true JP4950916B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
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JP2005514924A Expired - Lifetime JP4071793B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-09-30 | 撮像装置とその製造方法、及び携帯機器 |
JP2007302918A Expired - Fee Related JP4275717B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-11-22 | 撮像装置 |
JP2008041677A Expired - Fee Related JP4950916B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2008-02-22 | 撮像素子の製造方法 |
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JP2005514924A Expired - Lifetime JP4071793B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-09-30 | 撮像装置とその製造方法、及び携帯機器 |
JP2007302918A Expired - Fee Related JP4275717B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-11-22 | 撮像装置 |
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US (2) | US7924327B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1677518A4 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4071793B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005041562A1 (ja) |
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