JP4939931B2 - 超吸収性材料を有する吸収性構造体 - Google Patents
超吸収性材料を有する吸収性構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4939931B2 JP4939931B2 JP2006510111A JP2006510111A JP4939931B2 JP 4939931 B2 JP4939931 B2 JP 4939931B2 JP 2006510111 A JP2006510111 A JP 2006510111A JP 2006510111 A JP2006510111 A JP 2006510111A JP 4939931 B2 JP4939931 B2 JP 4939931B2
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- absorbent structure
- superabsorbent
- absorbent
- superabsorbent material
- test
- Prior art date
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Description
本明細書の関連においては、以下の各用語又は語句は、以下の1つ又は複数の意味を含むことになる。
本明細書で用いる場合、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率(GBP)試験」では、通常「自由膨潤」条件と呼ばれる条件下で超吸収性材料の膨潤ベッドの透過率を判断する。「自由膨潤」という用語は、これから説明する試験溶液を吸収すると、膨潤を制限する負荷無しに超吸収性材料が膨潤することができることを意味する。「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」を行うのに適切な装置を図1及び図2に示しており、全体的に28で示されている。試験装置28は、全体的に30で示されるサンプル容器、及び全体的に36で示されるピストンが含まれる。ピストン36は、シャフトの縦方向軸に穴を開けた同心円の円筒形穴40を有する円筒形の「LEXAN」シャフト38を含む。シャフト38の両端を機械加工して各々42及び46と呼ばれる上側及び下端を設ける。48と示される重りを一端42に載せるが、これは、その中心の少なくとも一部を通して穴を開けた円筒形の穴48を有する。
「荷重下吸収性(AUL)試験」では、材料に0.9psiの荷重をかけている間に、室温での0.9重量パーセント塩化ナトリウム蒸留水溶液(試験溶液)を超吸収性材料が吸収する機能を測定する。AUL試験を行うための装置106を図3に示しており、これには、米国マサチューセッツ州ダナーズ所在の「M/K Systems」から入手可能な「重力測定吸収性試験システム(GATS)」と、「INDA技術シンポジウム紀要」、1974年3月の129〜142頁にLichsteinにより説明されたシステムと同様の全体的に100で示す「デマンド吸収性試験器(DAT)」を含む。
「遠心保持容量(CRC)試験」では、超吸収性材料が飽和され、制御された条件下で遠心分離された後に液体を保持する機能を測定する。得られる保持容量は、サンプルの重量グラム当たりに保持される液体グラム(g/g)で示される。試験されるサンプルは、米国標準30メッシュスクリーンを通して予め篩に掛け、米国標準50メッシュスクリーンに保持される粒子で調製される。その結果、サンプルは、約300〜約600ミクロンの範囲の大きさの粒子を含む。粒子は、手動又は自動で予め篩に掛け、試験まで密封した気密容器に保存される。
(遠心分離後のサンプル/バッグ重量−遠心分離後の空のバッグ重量−乾燥サンプル重量)/(乾燥サンプル重量)
水吸収ポリマー化物が所定の圧力(「対圧力吸収(AAP)」(0.7psi=49g/cm2))下でリザーバから液体を吸収する機能は、次のように判断される。すなわち、底面としてスクリーン布(メッシュ幅=400メッシュ)を有するプラスチック円筒(内径=6cm、高さ=5cm)内に超吸収性材料の900mgサンプルを秤量して均等に分散し、プラスチックプレート(直径=5.98cm)の形態の所定の重りを金属ピストン(直径=5.98cm)と共に用いて秤量する。プラスチックプレートは、サンプルと金属ピストンの間に置く。その後、濾紙で覆って0.9%NaCl溶液に浸漬したガラス濾過プレート(直径=12cm、空隙率=0)上に全試験ユニットを置く。濾過プレートは、その上縁までNaCl溶液に挿入されている。サンプルに60分間液体を吸収させる。
「せん断弾性率試験」では、超吸収性材料のゲル強度又はゲル変形傾向を測定する。せん断弾性率は、膨潤超吸収性材料を通るねじれせん断波の速度を測定するための「Rank Brothers Pulse Shearometer」(図8)の使用を伴う手順によって測定される。本方法は、応力と歪みの間の位相角シフトを測定することに依存する従来の一定応力又は一定歪み流量計を用いる表面架橋超吸収性構造体のせん断弾性率を測定することに伴う問題の多くを回避するものである。「Shearometer」は、全体的に図8に170で示されており、これには、円形下側プレート又は円板172が含まれ、この上に超吸収性材料の膨潤サンプルを置く。この試験に関しては、「Rank Pulse Shearometer(登録商標)」のための操作マニュアル「せん断弾性率測定のための簡単なソリューション」を参照されたい。器具は、ねじれせん断波が一対の平行円板172及び174の間を伝播することができるように構成される。各円板は圧電変換器に装着され、その一方は、せん断波を開始するのに用いられ、他方は、短時間後にこの波が到達するのを検出するのに用いられる。円板の分離は、ネジ調節176により変化させ、その後、ダイアルゲージ178で測定することができる。各円板分離に対してせん断波の伝播時間を測定する。次に、円板分離に対してプロットした伝播時間のグラフの傾きから波速を判断することが可能である。次に、せん断弾性率の値は、以下の近似式から計算することができる。
以下の実施例は、本発明を更に説明するために提供され、特許請求の範囲を限定しないものである。特に説明しなければ、全ての部及びパーセントは重量によるものである。
実施例1〜実施例4で示した各超吸収性材料に対してその液体処理特性を判断するために、「遠心保持容量試験」、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」、「せん断弾性率試験」、及び「対圧力吸収試験」を行った。
以下の表3に示す様々な超吸収性材料に「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」、「荷重下吸収性試験」、及び「遠心保持容量試験」を行い、その液体処理特性を判断した。表3の超吸収性材料A及びBは、米国ノースカロライナ州グリーンズボロ所在の「Stockhausen、Inc.」から各々モデル名称「SXM 880」及び「SXM 9543」で市販されている従来の超吸収性材料である。超吸収性材料Cは、米国オハイオ州シンシナチ所在の「Procter & Gamble Co.」から商品名「Pampers Baby Dry」で入手可能な従来のおむつから回収した超吸収性材料である。超吸収性材料D〜Mは、米国ノースカロライナ州グリーンズボロ所在の「stockhausen、Inc.」によって本発明により製造された超吸収性材料である。より詳細には、超吸収性材料D〜Iは、本発明により「Stockhausen」により作られた実験的超吸収性材料であり、各々「SP−1389」(上述の実施例1)、「SP−1390」(上述の実施例2)、「SP−1391」、「SP−1392」、「SP−1393」(上述の実施例3)、及び「SP 1394」(上述の実施例4)と呼ばれるものである。超吸収性材料J〜Mは、本発明によって「Stockhausen」により作られた付加的な実験的超吸収性材料であり、各々「SP−1395」、「SP−1396」、「SR−1401」、及び「SR−1402」と呼ばれるものである。
6つの異なる吸収性構造体(以下の表4では、構造体1〜6というコードを用いる)を実験用空気形成装置で作り、全て本明細書で以下に説明する「飽和容量試験」、「吸収性構造体透過率試験」、「流体吸込み逆流評価(FIFE)試験」、及び「垂直吸上げ試験」を含む様々な試験を行い、吸収性構造体の液体処理特性を評価した。各吸収性構造体には、親水性繊維(より詳細には、米国ワシントン州フェデラルウェイ所在の「Weyerhauser」からモデル名「NB−416」で入手可能な親水性繊維)の不織ウェブと6つの異なる超吸収性材料のうちの1つとを含んでいた。
「流体吸込み逆流評価(FIFE)試験」では、吸収性構造体、より詳細には、そのサンプルが、既知の量の試験溶液(室温の0.9重量パーセント塩化ナトリウム蒸留水溶液)を取り込む(必ずしも吸収する必要はない)のに必要な時間の量を判断する。「FIFE試験」を行うのに適切な装置を図5及び図6に示し、全体的に200で示している。試験装置200には、全体的に各々202及び204で示される上側及び下側アセンブリが含まれ、下側アセンブリは、「Plexiglas」のような透明材料で構成されたほぼ14インチ(35.56cm)×8インチ(20.32cm)の矩形プレート206と、試験中に吸収性構造体サンプルを中心に合わせるためのプレート上の中心に置かれたほぼ6インチ(15.24cm)×3インチ(7.62cm)の矩形プラットフォーム207とを含む。
「吸収性構造体透過率試験」を用いて、上述の吸収性構造体の透過率、より詳細には、構造体の厚さに亘る液体流に基づく吸収性構造体の「z方向」透過率を判断する。この試験は、以下に示す例外を除けば、上述の「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」と実質的に同様である。図1及び図2に戻ると、円筒高さは、約5cmとする代わりに約10cmとすべきである。また、粒子超吸収性材料をサンプル容器に入れる代わりに、あらゆるティッシュラップを除去し、断面直径が約6cmの円形吸収性構造体サンプル68(例えば、形成されるか又はそうでなければ大きな吸収性構造体から切断したもの)をサンプル容器30に入れ、円筒34の底面のスクリーン64と接触させる。次に、サンプル容器(ピストン及び重りを入れていないもの)を0.9重量パーセント生理食塩水溶液に約60分間沈め、吸収性構造体を飽和させる。例えば、容器30を空にして吸収性構造体サンプルを容器内に入れて飽和させ、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」で得られる同じ高さ測定値が測定される。
垂直吸上げ試験では、30分間の間に吸収性構造体内に吸上げられることになる試験溶液(0.9重量パーセント塩化ナトリウム蒸留水溶液)の量を判断する。
以下の試験を用いて吸収性構造体の飽和容量を判断する。図7を参照すると、長さ及び幅寸法がほぼ4インチ×4インチ(ほぼ10.16cm×10.16cm)の収性構造体サンプル308をいずれのティッシュラップ材料も載せて秤量し、グラムでの重量を記録する。サンプル308を次に米国ウィスコンシン州ニーナー所在のキンバリー・クラーク・ワールドワイド・インコーポレーテッドから入手可能な「Scott」ペーパータオルのようなペーパータオル(図示せず)で包み、室温(例えば、約23℃)の過剰な量の0.9重量パーセント塩化ナトリウム蒸留水溶液に約20分間沈める。この時間が終わると、サンプル308は、試験溶液から取り出され、真空箱302と、0.25インチ(0.6cm)の開口部を有して真空箱に支持された「TEFLON」繊維ガラススクリーン304と、真空箱上のスクリーンの上に重なる大きさにされた可撓性のあるゴムカバー306とを含む、図7で全体的に300で示された試験装置上に置かれる。
30 サンプル容器
36 ピストン
38 「LEXAN」シャフト
Claims (20)
- 55から99.9重量パーセントの重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーを含む架橋超吸収性ポリマー又はポリマーの組合せが含まれるような超吸収性材料を、少なくとも部分的に含む吸収性構造体であって、
前記重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーは、エトキシル化(メタ)−アクリレートからなるエチレン性不飽和酸モノマーと共重合し、前記架橋超吸収性ポリマーが、前記吸収性材料の表面をアルカリ性炭酸塩でコーティングした後に、表面架橋するために150℃から250℃の温度で熱処理することによって調製されることによって、
該吸収性構造体の前記超吸収性材料が、「遠心保持容量試験」で求められた少なくとも25g/gの保持容量(CRC)と、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」で求められた少なくとも575×10−9cm2の自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率(GBP)とを有し、
前記吸収性構造体における前記超吸収性材料は、該吸収性構造体の重量の約30パーセントから約90パーセントの範囲であることを特徴とする吸収性構造体。 - 前記超吸収性材料は、「荷重下吸収性試験」で求められた少なくとも約15g/gの0.9psiでの「荷重下吸収性(AUL)」を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 親水性繊維及び疎水性繊維の少なくとも一方を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記親水性繊維は、セルロース繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約75重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約75重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約85重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約85重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約90重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約90重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体を少なくとも部分的に含むことを特徴とする吸収性物品。
- おむつ、トレーニングパンツ、女性用衛生製品、及び失禁用製品のうちの1つであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の吸収性物品。
- 55から99.9重量パーセントの重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーを含む架橋超吸収性ポリマー又はポリマーの組合せが含まれるような超吸収性材料を、少なくとも部分的に含む吸収性構造体であって、
前記重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーは、エトキシル化(メタ)−アクリレートからなるエチレン性不飽和酸モノマーと共重合し、前記架橋超吸収性ポリマーが、前記吸収性材料の表面をアルカリ性炭酸塩でコーティングした後に、表面架橋するために150℃から250℃の温度で熱処理することによって調製されることによって、
該吸収性構造体の前記超吸収性材料が、「遠心保持容量試験」で求められた少なくとも約25g/gの保持容量(CRC)と、「荷重下吸収性試験」で求められた少なくとも18g/gの0.9psiでの「荷重下吸収性(AUL)」と、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」で求められた少なくとも約400×10−9cm2の自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率(GBP)とを有し、
前記吸収性構造体における前記超吸収性材料は、該吸収性構造体の重量の約30パーセントから約90パーセントの範囲であることを特徴とする吸収性構造体。 - 親水性繊維及び疎水性繊維の少なくとも一方を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記親水性繊維は、セルロース繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約75重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約75重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約85重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約85重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記超吸収性材料は、少なくとも約90重量パーセントの陰イオン性ポリマー及び少なくとも約90重量パーセントの陽イオン性ポリマーの一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 請求項10に記載の吸収性構造体を少なくとも部分的に含むことを特徴とする吸収性物品。
- おむつ、トレーニングパンツ、女性用衛生製品、及び失禁用製品のうちの1つであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の吸収性物品。
- 約55から約99.9重量パーセントの重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーを含む架橋超吸収性ポリマー又はポリマーの組合せが含まれるような超吸収性材料を、少なくとも部分的に含む吸収性構造体であって、
前記重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーは、エトキシル化(メタ)−アクリレートからなるエチレン性不飽和酸モノマーと共重合し、前記架橋超吸収性ポリマーが、前記吸収性材料の表面をアルカリ性炭酸塩でコーティングした後に、表面架橋するために150℃から250℃の温度で熱処理することによって調製されることによって、
該吸収性構造体の前記超吸収性材料が、「遠心保持容量試験」で求められた少なくとも約27.5g/gの保持容量(CRC)と、「荷重下吸収性試験」で求められた少なくとも18g/gの0.9psiでの「荷重下吸収性(AUL)」と、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」で求められた少なくとも350×10−9cm2の自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率(GBP)とを有し、
前記吸収性構造体における前記超吸収性材料は、該吸収性構造体の重量の約30パーセントから約90パーセントの範囲であることを特徴とする吸収性構造体。 - 約55から約99.9重量パーセントの重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーを含む架橋超吸収性ポリマー又はポリマーの組合せが含まれるような超吸収性材料を、少なくとも部分的に含む吸収性構造体であって、
前記重合性不飽和酸基含有モノマーは、エトキシル化(メタ)−アクリレートからなるエチレン性不飽和酸モノマーと共重合し、前記架橋超吸収性ポリマーが、前記吸収性材料の表面をアルカリ性炭酸塩でコーティングした後に、表面架橋するために150℃から250℃の温度で熱処理することによって調製されることによって、
該吸収性構造体の前記超吸収性材料が、「遠心保持容量試験」で求められた少なくとも約25g/gの保持容量(CRC)と、「荷重下吸収性試験」で求められた少なくとも19g/gの0.9psiでの「荷重下吸収性(AUL)」と、「自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率試験」で求められた少なくとも350×10−9cm2の自由膨潤ゲルベッド透過率(GBP)とを有し、
前記吸収性構造体における前記超吸収性材料は、該吸収性構造体の重量の約30パーセントから約90パーセントの範囲であることを特徴とする吸収性構造体。 - 前記架橋超吸収性ポリマー又はポリマーの組合せが、内部架橋剤と、前記超吸収性ポリマーの表面に付与される浸透性調整剤と、前記超吸収性ポリマーの表面上の多価金属塩と、不溶性の無機粉末とを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体。
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-
2003
- 2003-04-25 US US10/423,709 patent/US20040214499A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-04-15 TW TW093110491A patent/TW200517257A/zh unknown
- 2004-04-16 WO PCT/US2004/011740 patent/WO2004096303A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-16 KR KR1020057019221A patent/KR101165851B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-16 EP EP04750195A patent/EP1622654A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-16 JP JP2006510111A patent/JP4939931B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-16 MX MXPA05010867A patent/MXPA05010867A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-20 CL CL2004000839A patent/CL2004000839A1/es unknown
- 2004-04-23 AR ARP040101399 patent/AR044082A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-06-15 US US11/153,190 patent/US20050256469A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-05-26 US US12/787,914 patent/US8021998B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2004000839A1 (es) | 2005-02-11 |
JP2006524541A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1622654A2 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
US20040214499A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
WO2004096303A2 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
MXPA05010867A (es) | 2005-11-25 |
US20100261812A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
WO2004096303A3 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
US20050256469A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
AR044082A1 (es) | 2005-08-24 |
TW200517257A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
US8021998B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
KR101165851B1 (ko) | 2012-07-13 |
KR20060015498A (ko) | 2006-02-17 |
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