JP4894761B2 - レーザー溶着用材料及びこれを用いたレーザー溶着方法及び成形品 - Google Patents

レーザー溶着用材料及びこれを用いたレーザー溶着方法及び成形品 Download PDF

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JP4894761B2
JP4894761B2 JP2007541073A JP2007541073A JP4894761B2 JP 4894761 B2 JP4894761 B2 JP 4894761B2 JP 2007541073 A JP2007541073 A JP 2007541073A JP 2007541073 A JP2007541073 A JP 2007541073A JP 4894761 B2 JP4894761 B2 JP 4894761B2
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Prior art keywords
laser
laser welding
welding material
polyamide resin
molded
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JPWO2007046536A1 (ja
Inventor
勉 片山
昭夫 宮本
康治 福井
秀樹 原田
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Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J5/04Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08K7/00Use of ingredients characterised by shape
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    • C08K7/04Fibres or whiskers inorganic
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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    • F02M35/10314Materials for intake systems
    • F02M35/10321Plastics; Composites; Rubbers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/1034Manufacturing and assembling intake systems
    • F02M35/10354Joining multiple sections together
    • F02M35/1036Joining multiple sections together by welding, bonding or the like
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C45/006Joining parts moulded in separate cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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Description

本発明は、レーザー光を照射することにより樹脂部材同士を溶着させるレーザー溶着用材料に関し、特に機械的特性、低そり性、レーザー溶着性に優れたレーザー溶着用材料に関する。
近年、軽量化及び低コスト化等の観点より、自動車部品、電気部品等の各種分野の部品を樹脂化して樹脂成形品とすることが頻繁に行われている。そして、樹脂成形品は、高生産性化等の観点から、樹脂成形品を予め複数の樹脂部材に分割して成形し、これらの樹脂部材を互いに接合して製造する手段が採られることが多くなっている。
この樹脂部材の接合においては、接着剤による接合、ボルトなどによる機械的接合などが行われてきた。しかしながら、接着剤ではその接着強度が、また、ボルトなどによる機械的接合では、費用、締結の手間、重量増が問題となっている。一方、レーザー溶着、熱板溶着などの外部加熱溶着、振動溶着、超音波溶着などの摩擦熱溶着に関しては短時間で接合が可能であり、また、接着剤や金属部品を使用しないので、それにかかるコストや重量増、環境汚染等の問題が発生しないことから、これらの方法による組立が増えてきている。
特に、外部加熱溶着のひとつであるレーザー溶着は、例えば、特開昭60−214931号公報に開示されているようにレーザー光に対して透過性のある透過樹脂材と、レーザー光に対して透過性のない非透過樹脂材とを重ね合わせた後、透過樹脂材側からレーザー光を照射することにより、透過樹脂材と非透過樹脂材との当接面同士を加熱溶融させて両者を一体的に接合する方法であり、三次元接合が可能、非接触加工、バリ発生が無いなどの利点を利用して、幅広い分野に広がりつつある溶着法である。
このレーザー溶着工法では、透過樹脂材内を透過する際のレーザー光のエネルギーロスが大きければ、非透過樹脂材及び透過樹脂材の接合面における加熱溶融が不十分となり、十分な溶着強度を達成することができないため、レーザー透過側の樹脂部材には、ある程度レーザーを透過することが要求される。
ところが、従来から、樹脂部材の機械的強度や耐衝撃性を向上させるために繊維状の強化材例えばガラス繊維を樹脂に混合することが行なわれているが、例えば、ポリアミド樹脂のレーザー透過性は、一般的な繊維径が10μm前後のガラス繊維を配合することによりかなり低下してしまうため、非透過樹脂材の当接面に十分な量のレーザーエネルギーを到達、吸収させることが困難になるという問題が出てきた。
そこで、レーザー光の波長が1.5〜2.5μmのものを用いたり(特許第3630293号公報参照)、接合部の結晶化度を他の部分より低くしたり(特許第3596456号公報参照)することが提案されているが、利用範囲が限定されてしまうという欠点があり、また、前記方法によってもガラス繊維の配合量が30重量%を超えると十分なレーザー透過性が得られなくなるという問題がある。
一方、レーザー溶着により、透過樹脂材および非透過樹脂材の当接面同士を確実に溶着させて十分な接合強度を得るためには、透過樹脂材および非透過樹脂材の当接面同士の隙間を極力小さくまたは無しにする必要がある。これは、当接面に隙間があると、非透過樹脂材の当接面における発熱が透過樹脂材の当接面に熱伝達されにくくなり、透過樹脂材の当接面における加熱溶融が不十分となって、非透過樹脂材と透過樹脂材との当接面同士が十分に溶着しなくなるためであり、さらには、非透過樹脂材が溶融したときの溶融膨張により隙間が埋められて溶着されるため、非透過樹脂材の見かけ密度が低下し、そのため溶着強度が低下するためである。
この樹脂部材間の隙間は、各樹脂部材の反り変形などに起因するが、反り変形は、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリアセタール、ポリエステル等のガラス繊維強化樹脂の射出成形品では、当然のように発生する。
そのため、反り変形を低減させる手法として、非晶性熱可塑性樹脂を添加併用することが提案されている。しかし、一般に非晶性熱可塑性樹脂を多量に併用することは結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の本来の特長、例えば耐薬品性、熱変形温度等を損なうため好ましくない場合が多い。
また、ガラス繊維とカオリンや、マイカ、タルク等の鉱石粉末とを併せて配合することも提案されている(例えば特開昭60−32847号公報、特開平6−299068号公報参照。)。しかしながら、前記のような鉱石粉末を配合すると、レーザー透過性が極端に悪くなってしまうという問題がある。
さらに、樹脂部材に反りがあってもレーザー溶着できる方策として、透過性樹脂部材に凸部を、レーザー光吸収側樹脂部材に左右の壁に高低のある凹部を設けて、両者を隙間の発生を防止するように嵌合させて、凹部の壁の低い側を越して凸部側からレーザー光を入射して凹部を加熱して、両者を溶着することによる、溶着面積を確保する方法が提案されている(例えば特開2002−86567号公報参照。)。
この方法では、隙間のない溶着は可能となるが、嵌合する一対の部材間の位置を機械的に規制・矯正しつつ加熱溶融させるため、矯正が大きいすなわち反り変形が大きい製品では矯正により発生した歪が大きくなってしまう。歪がレーザーによって溶融される個所にあれば緩和されるが、多くの製品では溶着部とその矯正によって歪の発生する部位は一致しておらず、歪が凍結されてしまうおそれがある。従って、製品の使用時に、トラブルの原因となりやすいクリープ破壊や加熱冷却サイクルによる局所的な破壊やクラックの発生などが懸念される。
更には、透過側部材に凸部を設けるため、レーザー光が肉厚の凸部を透過することになり、レーザー光の透過損失が大きくなり、溶着が不十分になるおそれがある。従って製品形状に制限がある場合、溶着に適した肉厚を維持できないという問題がある。
一方、一般的な繊維径が10μm前後のガラス繊維の代わりに、断面が扁平状のガラス繊維で強化することにより、反りが改善されることが開示されている(例えば特開平8−259808号公報参照。)。該公報には、振動溶着により部品を接合することが記載されているが、レーザー溶着性について記載はない。
本発明は、前記問題点を解決し、レーザー透過性に優れ、かつ低そり性にも優れており、レーザー溶着により、溶着強度が高く、しかも溶着強度が均一な成形品を得ることができるレーザー溶着用材料を提供することを目的とする。
本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10である非円形断面のガラス繊維を配合したポリアミド樹脂組成物が、レーザー透過性に優れることを見出し、かつ低そり性にも優れていることから、該ポリアミド樹脂組成物からなる成形部品同士をレーザー溶着することにより、溶着強度が高く、しかも溶着強度が均一な成形品が得られることを見いだし、本発明に到達した。
すなわち、本発明は、(A)ポリアミド樹脂、及び(B)長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10である非円形断面のガラス繊維を含むポリアミド樹脂組成物からなることを特徴とするレーザー溶着用材料に関するものである。また、本発明はこのレーザー溶着用材料を用いる成形品のレーザー溶着方法およびレーザー溶着用材料からレーザー溶着して得られる成形品を提供する。
本発明のレーザー溶着用材料は、(A)ポリアミド樹脂、及び(B)長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10である非円形断面のガラス繊維を含むポリアミド樹脂組成物からなる。
本発明に用いられるポリアミド樹脂(A)は、光透過性と熱可塑性を有しており、特に、耐薬品性・靭性等に優れ、ガラス繊維による補強効果にも優れているので好ましい熱可視性樹脂である
ポリアミド樹脂としては、ジアミンと二塩基酸とからなるか、またはラクタムもしくはアミノカルボン酸からなるか、またはこれらの2種以上の共重合体からなるものが挙げられる。
ジアミンとしては、テトラメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレジアミン、ウンデカメチレンジアミン、ドデカメチレンジアミン等の脂肪族ジアミンや、メタキシリレンジアミン等の芳香族・環状構造を有するジアミンが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸としては、アジピン酸、ヘプタンジカルボン酸、オクタンジカルボン酸、ノナンジカルボン酸、ウンデカンジカルボン酸、ドデカンジカルボン酸等の脂肪族ジアミンやテレフタル酸、イソフタル酸等の芳香族・環状構造を有するジカルボン酸が挙げられる。
ラクタムとしては、炭素数6〜12のラクタム類であり、ε−カプロラクタム、エナントラクタム、ウンデカンラクタム、ドデカンラクタム、α−ピロリドン、α−ピペリドン等が挙げられる。また、アミノカルボン酸としては炭素数6〜12のアミノカルボン酸であり、6−アミノカプロン酸、7−アミノヘプタン酸、9−アミノノナン酸、11−アミノウンデカン酸、12−アミノドデカン酸が挙げられる。
ポリアミド樹脂の具体例としては、ポリアミド6、ポリアミド66、ポリアミド11、ポリアミド12、ポリアミド610、ポリアミド612、ポリアミド6/66等が挙げられる。
非円形断面のガラス繊維(B)は、低反り性と力学特性の観点から、長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10、好ましくは、1.5〜6、より好ましくは、1.7〜4.5である。ここで、長径とは、断面図形上の任意の2点間の直線距離が最大になったときの、その距離をとり、短径とは、該長径と直交する直線のうち断面図形と交差する2点間の距離が最大のものをとる。
また、非円形断面のガラス繊維(B)は、所定の長径と短径の比を有するものであれば、断面形状に特に制限はないが、通常、まゆ形、長円形、半円形、円弧形、長方形、平行四辺形またはこれらの類似形のものが用いられる。実用上は、流動性、力学特性、低反り性の観点から、まゆ形、長円形、長方形が好ましい。繊維長は、通常1〜15mm、好ましくは1.5〜12mm、より好ましくは2〜6mmである。また、ポリアミド樹脂中への分散性および密着性を高める目的で、シランカップリング剤、チタンカップリング剤、その他の高分子または低分子の表面処理剤で表面処理されているのが好ましい。
また、非円形断面のガラス繊維(B)の配合割合は、ポリアミド樹脂組成物全体に対して、10〜70重量%が好ましく、15〜60重量%がより好ましい。配合割合が少なすぎると反り低減効果が発現せず、多すぎるとレーザー透過性が悪くなる。
本発明のポリアミド樹脂組成物は、非円形断面のガラス繊維(B)以外の充填材の1種または2種以上を含有していてもよい。該充填材としては、レーザー透過性のよいものが好ましく、ガラスフレイク、ガラスビーズ、透光性アルミナ、シリカなどを挙げることができる。非円形断面のガラス繊維(B)と上記充填材の配合比としては、100:0〜10:90の範囲内が好ましく、95:5〜20:80の範囲内がより好ましい。
また、本発明のポリアミド樹脂組成物には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で他の成分、例えば、可塑剤、耐衝撃材、耐熱材、発泡剤、耐候剤、結晶核剤、結晶化促進剤、離型剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤、難燃剤、難燃助剤、顔料、染料等の機能性付与剤等を適宜配合することができる。
本発明のレーザー溶着用材料から成形品を製造する方法については特に制限はなく、通常使用される熱可塑性樹脂の成形機、例えば、押出成形機、ブロー成形機、圧縮成形機、射出成形機等を用いて、各種形状に製造可能である。
例えば、インテークマニホールド等の中空成形品を製造する場合には、中空成形品を構成する2つ以上の分割体を射出成形によって形成し、次いでこれらをレーザー溶着により相互に接合することによって形成することができる。
この場合、一方の部品を本発明のレーザー溶着用材料で形成することで、レーザー透過性とし、他方の部品をレーザー吸収性を示す材料で形成し、レーザー透過性の部品側からレーザー光を照射して両者をレーザー溶着する。
レーザー吸収性を示す材料は、本発明のレーザー溶着用材料にレーザー光に対して吸収性を有する添加剤を配合することにより得られる。
また、他方の部品をレーザー吸収性を示す材料で形成する代わりに、表面にレーザー吸収性の塗料を塗布してもよい。さらに、2つの部品の間にレーザー吸収性のフィルムを挟んだ状態でレーザー溶着することもできる。
レーザー透過性の部品に用いられる場合の本発明のレーザー溶着用材料のレーザー透過率が20%以上であることが好ましい。
なお、本発明におけるレーザー透過率は、樹脂組成物をASTM1号ダンベルの形状に成形したものについて測定した数値である。
さらに、2つの部品を同色の着色剤で着色することにより、同色同士の樹脂を接合することができるようになり、接合された樹脂部材の見た目をよくすることができる。
レーザー光に対して非吸収性の着色剤としては、アンスラキノン系染料、ペリレン系、ペリノン系、複素環系、ジスアゾ系、モノアゾ系等の有機系染料が挙げられる。
また、レーザー光に対して吸収性を有する着色剤としては、カーボンブラック、複合酸化物系顔料等の無機系着色剤、フタロシアニン系顔料、ポリメチン系顔料等の有機系着色剤が挙げられる。
レーザー溶着に用いられるレーザー光としては、ガラス:ネオジム3+レーザー、YAG:ネオジム3+レーザー、ルビーレーザー、ヘリウム−ネオンレーザー、クリプトンレーザー、アルゴンレーザー、H2レーザー、N2レーザー、半導体レーザー等のレーザー光をあげることができる。より好ましいレーザーとしては、半導体レーザーである。
レーザー光の波長は、接合される樹脂材料により異なるため一概に決定できないが、400nm以上であることが好ましい。波長が400nmより短いと、樹脂が著しく劣化する。
また、レーザー光の出力は、走査速度と第一樹脂部材の吸収能力により調整できる。レーザー光の出力が低いと樹脂材料の接合面を互いに溶融させることが困難となり、出力が高いと樹脂材料が蒸発したり、変質し強度が低下する問題が生じるようになる。
以下、本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、実施例および比較例において使用した樹脂及び成形品の物性測定方法を以下に示す。
(1)引張強さおよび引張破壊ひずみ:
ISO527−1,2に従い、常温下、厚み4mmの試験片を用いて引張速度5mm/minで試験を行った。(n=5)
(2)引張弾性率:
ISO527−1,2に従い、常温下、厚み4mmの試験片を用いて引張速度1mm/minで試験を行った。(n=5)
(3)シャルピー衝撃強さ:
ISO179−1に従い、常温下、Aノッチ入り厚み4mmの試験片を用いてエッジワイズ衝撃試験を行った。(n=10)
(4)ソリ量:
ISO294−3のD1金型(60×60×1t)を下記の成形条件で成形直後にゲートカットし、防湿容器中48hr放置後、定盤上で規定隅に錘を乗せ、定盤との最大空隙をソリ量とした。(n=5)
・溶融樹脂温度:290℃,金型温度:80℃,金型内平均射出速度:250mm/sec,保圧:60MPa×15sec,冷却時間:10sec
(5)レーザー透過性:
ISO294−1およびISO1874に従い射出成形したISO3167試験片の10mm幅ストレート部に 940nmの半導体レーザーを照射して透過してきたレーザーをパワーエネルギーアナライザー(コヒレント・ジャパン社製 Field Master(登録商標) GS LM-45)を用いて測定した。
(6)レーザー溶着強さ:
図2Aおよび図2Bに示す透過材11と吸収材12を 密着させてレーザー溶着を行い作成した試験容器10の部位1及び部位2をそれぞれ10mm幅に切り出した図3に示す試験片10’について、オリエンテック社製テンシロン(UTM-I-2500)を用いて5mm/minの速度で測定した。
部位1:合せ面に隙間がほとんどない部位
部位2:合せ面にソリによる若干の隙間がある部位
・ポリアミド樹脂
PA6:ポリアミド6(宇部興産(株)製 1015B)
・ガラス繊維
GF1:
断面形状長方形のガラス繊維(日東紡績株式会社製 CSG3P A−820)、長径と短径の比4、繊維径7μm×28μm、長 さ3mm(図1A)
GF2:
断面形状円形のガラス繊維(日東紡績株式会社製 CS3DE− 451)、長径と短径の比1、繊維径7μm、長さ3mm(図1 B)
GF3:
断面形状円形のガラス繊維(日本電気硝子株式会社製 ECS0 3T249H)、長径と短径の比1、繊維径10.5μm、長さ 3mm(図1B)
・その他の添加剤
ワラストナイト:
竹原化学工業株式会社製 DENA KUP 325
実施例1〜4
表1に記載したポリアミド樹脂およびガラス繊維をTEX44HCT二軸混練機で溶融混練し、目的とするポリアミド樹脂組成物ペレットを作成した。
次に得られたペレットをシリンダー温度290℃、金型温度80℃で射出成形し、各種試験片を製造した。図2Aおよび図2Bは試験容器10の平面図および側面図を示す。試験容器10の部位1および部位2を切り出し、図3に示す幅10mmの試験片10’を作成した。したがって、図3は試験容器10の溶接部付近の断面形状を示す。レーザー溶着強さは、この図3を用いて測定を行った。
この他、作成したポリアミド樹脂組成物の各種試験片を用いて各種物性、レーザー透過性、ソリ量、を評価した。得られた結果を表1に示す。
また、以下の方法で、レーザー溶着強度を測定した結果を表1に示す。
透過側部材として、ポリアミド樹脂およびガラス繊維を表1に記載の割合で混練した樹脂組成物を、シリンダー温度290℃、金型温度80℃で図2A,図2Bに示す半割体11を射出成形し、吸収側部材として、表1に記載の割合の樹脂組成物に、さらにカーボンブラックを0.3重量%配合した樹脂組成物を、前述の成形と同一条件でもう一方の半割体12を作製し、次に、透過側部材と吸収側部材を重ね合わせた状態で、半導体レーザー装置にセットした。透過側部材からレーザー光を照射して両者を溶着した。
このとき、レーザー溶着に用いられたレーザー光は、波長が940nmであり、レーザー光強度20W、スキャン速度10mm/sec、焦点径2mmの照射条件で照射した。得られた溶着部材から既定個所を切出し、溶着部の引張強さを測定した。
比較例1〜5
表1に記載したポリアミド樹脂およびガラス繊維をTEX44HCT二軸混練機で溶融混練し、目的とするポリアミド樹脂組成物ペレットを作成した。
次に得られたペレットをシリンダー温度290℃、金型温度80℃で射出成形し、各種試験片を製造し、各種物性、レーザー透過性、ソリ量の測定を行った。レーザー溶着強さは、実施例で述べた図3の試験片を用いて評価した。得られた結果を表1に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にしてレーザー溶着強度を測定した結果を表1に示す。
Figure 0004894761
本発明のレーザー溶着用材料は、レーザー透過性に優れ、かつ低そり性にも優れており、該レーザー溶着用材料からなる成形部品同士をレーザー溶着することにより、溶着強度が高く、しかも溶着強度が均一な成形品を得ることができる。
例えば、電気・電子用途、自動車用途、一般雑貨用途、建築部材等に有用であり、具体的には、パソコン、液晶プロジェクター、モバイル機器、携帯電話等の電子部品ケースおよびスイッチ類のモジュール品、リモコン内部接合部品、電装部品のモジュール品、エンジンルーム内のモジュール部品、インテークマニホールド、アンダーフード部品、ラジエター部品、インパネなどに用いるコックピットモジュール部品、あるいは筐体等に好適に用いられる。
図1Aおよび図1Bは、実施例および比較例で使用したガラス繊維の例を示す。 図2Aおよび図2Bは、本発明の実施例で作製したレーザー溶着用試験容器の概略を示す平面図および側面図である。 図3は、本発明の実施例で作製したレーザー溶着用試験容器から切り出したレーザー溶着強さ測定用の試験片の概略図である。

Claims (11)

  1. (A)ポリアミド樹脂、及び(B)長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10である非円形断面のガラス繊維を含むポリアミド樹脂組成物からなることを特徴とするレーザー溶着用材料。
  2. ポリアミド樹脂組成物全体に対して、(A)ポリアミド樹脂が90〜30重量%であり、(B)長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.2〜10である非円形断面のガラス繊維が10〜70重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレーザー溶着用材料。
  3. ガラス繊維の長さ方向に直角の断面において長径と短径の比が1.5〜6である請求項1に記載のレーザー溶着用材料。
  4. ポリアミド樹脂のレーザー透過率が20%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレーザー溶着用材料。
  5. ポリアミド樹脂組成物がさらにレーザー吸収性を示す添加剤を含み、レーザー吸収性を示す請求項1記載のレーザー溶着用材料。
  6. 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のレーザー溶着用材料を成形してなる複数の部品を相互にレーザー溶着することを特徴とする成形品のレーザー溶着方法。
  7. 一方の部品を前記レーザー溶着用材料で成形してレーザー透過性とし、他方の部品を前記レーザー溶着用材料にレーザー吸収性を示す添加剤を添加して 成形してレーザー吸収性とし、それらの部品を相互に当接し、レーザー透過性の部品側からレーザー光を照射して両者をレーザー溶着する請求項に記載の方法。
  8. 一方の部品を前記レーザー溶着用材料で成形してレーザー透過性とし、他方の部品の表面にレーザー吸収性の塗料を塗布して、それらの部品を相互に当接し、レーザー透過性の部品側からレーザー光を照射して両者をレーザー溶着する請求項に記載の方法。
  9. 前記レーザー溶着用材料で成形した2つの部品の間にレーザー吸収性のフィルムを挟んだ状態でレーザー溶着する請求項に記載の方法。
  10. 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のレーザー溶着用材料を成形してなる複数の部品を相互にレーザー溶着してなる成形品。
  11. 成形品が自動車エンジンのインテークマニホールド或は付属部品である請求項10に記載の成形品。
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