JP4881870B2 - 中間層が不織連続材料で形成された複合部材を形成するための方法およびプリフォーム - Google Patents
中間層が不織連続材料で形成された複合部材を形成するための方法およびプリフォーム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4881870B2 JP4881870B2 JP2007538988A JP2007538988A JP4881870B2 JP 4881870 B2 JP4881870 B2 JP 4881870B2 JP 2007538988 A JP2007538988 A JP 2007538988A JP 2007538988 A JP2007538988 A JP 2007538988A JP 4881870 B2 JP4881870 B2 JP 4881870B2
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2003年5月2日に出願された同時係属中の米国特許出願連続番号第10/428,500号および2004年5月24日に出願された同時係属中の米国特許出願連続番号第10/852,713号の一部継続出願であり、これらの各々は引用によって全文が本明細書に援用される。
発明の分野
本発明は、一方向繊維からなる層から構築された硬化複合物に関する。特に、本発明は、靭性が改良された硬化物を得るために多層プリフォームとともに非常に多孔質の軽量の材料を利用する。
一方向強化繊維からなる交互の層から構築された高性能の複合材料は、高強度および軽量を有利に兼ね備えている。したがって、高性能の複合材料は、このような特性が極めて重要である航空宇宙産業および他の産業で使用されている。概して、複合材料は、隣接する層が異なる角度で走る一方向繊維を有するいくつかの交互の層を積上げることによって準備される。このような一方向織物のいくつかの層を蓄積する最終的な効果は、擬似等方的にまたは1つ以上の特定の方向に並外れた強度を有する複合材料を提供することである。
、従来の樹脂に熱可塑性材料の粒子を加えることによって補強されてもよい。これらの熱可塑性粒子は、マトリックス樹脂に溶け、エポキシ樹脂に溶解する場合もあれば、溶けずに、プリプレグ動作(たとえば、米国特許第5,028,478号参照)中に各層の表面上に並ぶ場合もある。硬化の際に、硬化エポキシマトリックスにおける熱可塑性樹脂は、部品を通る亀裂伝播を制限するように機能する。プリフォーム材料はさらに、靭性および亀裂耐性をもたらすために、樹脂の注入および硬化の前にステッチされてもよい。しかしながら、ステッチングの1つの欠点は、特にステッチ密度が増大すると面内の機械的特性が低減することである。硬化前に樹脂に熱可塑性材料の粒子を加えるプリプレグアプローチは、プリフォーム物を準備するために使用される液体成形プロセスに直接に移すことはできない。液体成形プロセスの樹脂注入では、可溶性熱可塑性物質はマトリックス樹脂のメルトフロー粘性率を容認できないほどに増大させる傾向があるのに対して、不溶性熱可塑性補強粒子はプリフォームによってろ過される傾向があり、したがって、プリフォームにおけるプライの間に均一に位置しないことになる。
一実施の形態では、本発明は、一方向繊維からなる強化層で構成されるプリフォームおよび複合部材を提供する。繊維からなるスパンボンド織物、スパンレース織物またはメッシュ織物で作られた不織中間層が、強化層の間に配置され、強化層にステッチされる。プリフォームは液体成形プロセスにおいて使用されることができ、この液体成形プロセスによって、マトリックス材料がプリフォームに注入され、続いて加熱されて、マトリックス材料をゲル化し、固める。中間層は、液体成形動作中のマトリックス材料の流れを可能にするように透過性である。これらの層はステッチまたは編み糸でともに固定され、その結果、一方向繊維は、マトリックス材料の注入プロセスおよびその後の硬化中、所定の位置に保持されて、複合部材の所望の起伏のある形状で形成され得る繊維強化複合材料を生産する。中間層を構成する材料は、中間層なしでまたは強化繊維からなる層の間に他の材料が与えられた状態で形成される対応する部材と比較して、完成した複合部材の靭性または耐衝撃性を増大させ得る。たとえば、中間層の材料はモードIまたはモードII耐衝撃性を増大させる可能性があり、材料は硬化の際のマトリックス材料との適合性で選択され得る。一実施の形態では、マトリックス材料はエポキシ樹脂であり、中間層繊維は、ポリア
ミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミド−イミド、ポリエステル、ポリブタジエン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリアリールアミド、ポリケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル−ポリアリレート(たとえば、ベクトラン(登録商標))、ポリアラミド(たとえば、ケブラー(登録商標))、ポリベンゾオキサゾール(たとえば、ザイロン(登録商標))、ビスコース(たとえば、レーヨン(登録商標))、炭素繊維およびガラス繊維で作られる。
ここで、添付の図面を参照しながら本発明についてさらに十分に説明する。添付の図面には、本発明のいくつかの実施の形態が示されるが、本発明のすべての実施の形態が示されているわけではない。本発明は、多くの異なる形態で実施されることができ、説明される実施の形態に限定されるように解釈されるべきではない。むしろ、これらの実施の形態は、この開示が完璧で完全であり、当業者に本発明の範囲を十分に伝えるために提供される。同様の数字は全体を通して同様の要素を指す。
織物ベースの複合物を補強するための非常に多孔質の中間層(Highly Porous Interlayers to Toughen Liquid-Molded Fabric Based Composites)」と題される米国出願連続番号第10/428,500号に記載される。いずれの場合でも、結果として生じる多軸織物10は、幅が12〜300″であり、典型的には幅が少なくとも約50″であるプリフォームを生産するためにいくつかのプロセスによって製造されることができる。たとえば、中間層6が不織構成、たとえばスパンボンド織物、スパンレース織物またはメッシュ織物である織物で形成される場合、各中間層6は自動化された方法によって、および編み、織りなどによって形成するのが困難であるかまたは不可能であり得る、比較的幅が広い状態で形成されることができる。織物10はプリフォーム20(図3)として使用されることができ、プリフォーム20は、たとえばプリフォーム20を型24に配置し、液体成形プロセスにおいてプリフォーム20に熱硬化性樹脂などのマトリックス材料を注入し、次いで型の中のプリフォーム20を加熱して、マトリックス材料をゲル化および固めることによって、所望の構成を有する複合部材22(図4)を形成するために使用される。中間層6は軽量および多孔質である可能性があり、それによって、強化繊維からなる層2の歪みを最小にし、強化材料からなる層2の注入中に中間層6を通るマトリックス材料の流れの抵抗を低減する。
わち、脆過ぎてはならない)、熱可塑性材料の弾性率は相当に高くなければならない(すなわち、熱可塑性材料が可塑化層のように作用し、特性を低減するほどに低くてはならない)と信じられている。
続的に紡がれ、機械的に結合される連続繊維から準備される。これらの織物は、主に衣料産業用に幅広い種類の供給源から市販されている。本発明において使用されるスパンレース織物の単位面積当りの重量は典型的には、衣料産業で一般的に使用される織物の単位面積当りの重量よりも概して低い。
このような場合には、積上げ全体はバランスの取れた薄層の群で構成されるか、または薄層のバランスを取るために交互に積上げられるであろう。この手法はこの分野では一般的であり、平坦な部品を確実に製造するため、ならびに未知のおよび/または温度の影響を受けやすい構成を有する部品の問題を回避するためになされる。
されるような装置は、一方向炭素繊維のトウを与えることによって多軸プリフォームを準備するために使用され得る。一方向繊維からなる強化層を作り出すために、1つまたは複数のトウがピンを渡して引張られる。この実施の形態では、一方向炭素繊維からなる層2の間に中間層の材料を導入するために手段が設けられる。中間層の材料は、方向がないので、一方向炭素繊維のようにある角度をなして導入される必要はない。
の補強されていないバージョンで作られた他の点では等価の複合物よりも、衝撃に起因するマトリックスの亀裂を複合物に形成するのに必要なエネルギがより多いと言うことができる。したがって、マトリックスモードI破壊靭性の増大は、特にマトリックスにおける亀裂の量を低減することによって、衝撃に起因する損傷の量を低減する。
以下に示される結果は、衝撃エネルギが270in−lbのBSS7260 タイプII、クラス1の衝撃を用いてBMS 8−276(民間航空機用に使用される補強されたプリプレグシステムについてのボーイング社材料仕様書)に従って作られ、試験された衝撃後圧縮(CAI)パネルについてのものである。
準備された。一方向テープは、プリプレグと同一の態様で切断され、上述のBMS 8−276に従って積上げられた。積上げられた織物は、アプライド・ポールラミック・インコーポレイテッド(Applied Poleramic, Inc.)(カリフォルニア州ベニシア(Benicia))からのエポキシ樹脂、すなわちTV−15を使用してVARTM処理された。注入および硬化後に、結果として生じるパネルは、BSS7260に従って、4″×6″の衝撃試験用標本に機械加工された。衝撃は、0.3125″の球形の鋼製タップを使用して行なわれた。各構成ごとに4つのパネルが試験された。
Claims (22)
- 複合材料を形成するための方法であって、
強化材料の繊維で形成される複数の強化層を設けるステップと、
複数の中間層を設けるステップであって、各中間層は連続繊維からなる不織布で形成され、前記不織布をスパンボンド法、スパンレース法および織物メッシュ法からなる群のうち少なくとも1つによって形成するステップと、
複数の強化層と複数の中間層を交互に重ね合わせるステップと、
糸で強化層および中間層をステッチするステップと、
マトリックス材料が複数の強化層と複数の中間層を貫流することにより、マトリックス材料を複数の強化層と複数の中間層に注入するステップとを備え、
中間層の材料は、複合材料の耐衝撃性を増大させるように適合される、方法。 - 前記第2の設けるステップは、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミド−イミド、ポリエステル、ポリブタジエン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリアリールアミド、ポリケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル−ポリアリレート、ポリアラミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ビスコース、炭素繊維およびガラス繊維からなる群のうち少なくとも1つを含む材料からなる中間層を形成するステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステッチするステップは、複数のステッチを配置するステップを備え、各ステッチは強化層および中間層の各々を通って延在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の設けるステップは、強化層および中間層が前記ステッチするステップより前に実質的に結合されないように実質的に粘着性のない材料からなる中間層を設けるステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- マトリックス材料を硬化させるステップをさらに備え、前記注入および硬化させるステップは、中間層の不織布形態が損なわれないままであるように中間層を通してマトリックス材料を送出し、マトリックス材料を硬化させるステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記注入するステップの前に、複合材料の所望の輪郭に対応する起伏のある構成で、交互になった強化層および中間層を構成するステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記配置するステップは、幅が少なくとも127cm(50インチ)である構成で強化層および中間層を配置するステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 中間層を設ける前記ステップは、似ていない繊維の機械的混合物からなる不織布を形成するステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 中間層を設ける前記ステップは、複数の構成要素の繊維からなる不織布を形成するステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複合部材を形成するためのプリフォームであって、
強化材料の繊維で形成される複数の強化層と、
複数の中間層とを備え、複数の強化層と複数の中間層は交互に重ね合わされ、マトリックス材料が複数の強化層と複数の中間層を貫流することにより、複数の強化層と複数の中間層にマトリックス材料が注入されるように、各中間層は、連続繊維からなる不織布で形成され、前記各中間層は、スパンボンド法、スパンレース法および織物メッシュ法からなる群のうち少なくとも1つによって形成される不織布を含み、前記プリフォームはさらに、
強化層および中間層を通って延在し、強化層および中間層と係合するよう構成されるステッチングを備え、
中間層の材料は、複合部材の耐衝撃性を増大させるように適合される、プリフォーム。 - 中間層の材料は、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミド−イミド、ポリエステル、ポリブタジエン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリアリールアミド、ポリケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル−ポリアリレート、ポリアラミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ビスコース、炭素繊維およびガラス繊維からなる群のうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- 中間層の材料は実質的に粘着性がない、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- 中間層の材料は、マトリックス材料が中間層の材料を通して注入され、硬化される間、損なわれないままであるように適合される、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- プリフォームの幅は、少なくとも127cm(50インチ)である、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- 各中間層の織物は、似ていない繊維の機械的混合物を含む、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- 各中間層の織物は、複数の構成要素の繊維を含む、請求項10に記載のプリフォーム。
- 予め定められた構成を規定する複合部材であって、
強化材料の繊維で形成される複数の強化層と、
複数の中間層とを備え、複数の強化層と複数の中間層は交互に重ね合わされ、各中間層は連続繊維からなる不織布で形成され、前記各中間層は、スパンボンド法、スパンレース法および織物メッシュ法からなる群のうち少なくとも1つによって形成される不織布を含み、前記複合部材はさらに、
強化層および中間層を通って延在し、強化層および中間層と係合するよう構成されるステッチングと、
複数の強化層と複数の中間層を貫流することにより、複数の強化層と複数の中間層に注入されるマトリックス材料とを備え、マトリックス材料は、予め定められた構成を規定する強化層および中間層とともに硬化され、
中間層の材料は、複合部材の耐衝撃性を増大させるように適合される、複合部材。 - 中間層の材料は、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミド−イミド、ポリエステル、ポリブタジエン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリアリールアミド、ポリケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル−ポリアリレート、ポリアラミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ビスコース、炭素繊維およびガラス繊維からなる群のうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項17に記載の複合部材。
- 中間層の材料は実質的に粘着性がない、請求項17に記載の複合部材。
- 複合部材の幅は、少なくとも127cm(50インチ)である、請求項17に記載の複合部材。
- 各中間層の織物は、似ていない繊維の機械的混合物を含む、請求項17に記載の複合部材。
- 各中間層の織物は、複数の構成要素の繊維を含む、請求項17に記載の複合部材。
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JP2008517812A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
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