JP4855638B2 - 電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4855638B2 JP4855638B2 JP2002564774A JP2002564774A JP4855638B2 JP 4855638 B2 JP4855638 B2 JP 4855638B2 JP 2002564774 A JP2002564774 A JP 2002564774A JP 2002564774 A JP2002564774 A JP 2002564774A JP 4855638 B2 JP4855638 B2 JP 4855638B2
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- polymer
- electrode
- lithium
- active material
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
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Description
HO(CH2CH2O)x(CH2CHRO)yH
(式中、xおよびyは、0と1との間のモル分率であり、x+y=1であり、
Rは、
式CnH2n+1を有する直鎖もしくは分岐アルキル基(nは1〜12)であり、
式ArCn’H2n’を有する直鎖もしくは分岐アリールアルキル基(n’は1〜12であり、Arは芳香族部分(例えば、フェニルおよびナフチル))であり、
式CHR’=C(R’)ZCn’’H2n’’を有するエチレン不飽和基(R’はHもしくはメチルであり、Zは、存在するなら、−O−、−S−、−SO−、
−SO2−、−NH−、−C(O)−、もしくは−C(O)O−で、n’’は0〜12)であり、または、
一般式R’(CHR’CH2O)nのオリゴエーテル(R’およびnは、上で定義されている通りである)
のポリエーテルがある。
このプロセスでは、全域の内部ループ水冷によって特別に修正されたバス・ニーダ(登録商標)MKS30(スイス、プラッテルンのバス・コンパウンディング・システムズ・エー・ジー)往復単軸押出機(RSSE)を使用した。RSSEは、直径が30mmであり、長さが18L/D(長さ/直径)であった。全処理量は、3.62kg/hr.(8lbs/hr.)であった。供給のど部近傍のRSSEバレルは、再循環する冷水で冷却された。供給のど部からから5.5L/D位置までのRSSEバレルの部分は、60Cの温度設定値に加熱された。5.5〜18L/D位置のRSSEバレルの部分は、80Cの温度設定値に加熱された。RSSEの端部における押出物の温度は、81〜85度Cであった。RSSEは、240rpmで動作した。ツインスクリューサイドフィーダが、10.8L/D位置でRSSEの側面に取付けられた。リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(ミネソタ州セント・ポールのスリーエム(3M,St.Paul,MN))イミド0.22kg/hrを、クトロン(Ktron)T20減量(LIW)フィーダ(ニュージャージー州ピットマンのケイ−トロン・アメリカ(K−Tron America,Pitman,New Jersey))から、RSSE供給のど部ホッパーに供給した。エチレンオキシド/プロピレンオキシド/アリルグリシジルエーテルコポリマー(DAP、日本の第一工業製薬から入手可能)5.0kg、およびサンタノックス・アール(Santanox R)酸化防止剤(オハイオ州アクロンのフレクシス・アメリカ・エル・ピー(Flexsys America L.P.,Akron,Ohio))0.025kgを、マリオン(Marion)パドルミキサ(アイオワ州マリオンのマリオン・ミキサズ・インク(Marion Mixers Inc.,Marion,Iowa))で5分間、予め混合した。この「ポリマー粉末」1.0kg/hrを、別の同一のクトロンフィーダから、3/4”直径単軸押出機(コネチカット州ポーカタックのデイビス−スタンダード・キリオン(Davis−Standard Killion,Pawcatuck,Connecticut))に供給し、3/4”直径単軸押出機は、ポリマーを溶融し、圧力を与えて、溶融ポリマーを、4.2L/D位置でRSSEに直接、注入した。「カソード粉末」は、本実施例において「カソード粉末」が96重量%酸化物および4重量%炭素からなること以外は、米国特許第6,136,476「リチウムバナジウム酸化物電極材料を製造する方法」(Methods for Making Lithium Vanadium Oxide Electrode Materials)の実施例1に記載された方法に従って調製した。予め混合した「カソード粉末」2.4kg/hrを、別の同一のクトロンフィーダからRSSEのサイドフィーダに供給し、サイドフィーダは、粉末を10.8L/D位置でRSSEに運び入れ、次に、粉末がポリマーおよびリチウム塩と配合された。サンプルをアルミニウムパンに集め、テストの前に、ポリエチレンバッグにシールした。本実施例は、活性酸化物材料62重量%の充填量を表わす。押出された材料のSEMは、優れた分配混合を示した(図4を参照のこと)。粒度分析が行われ、従来の溶媒コーティング方法のものと同様であることがわかった。バルク押出物サンプルから、直径約20mm、厚さ約5mmの円形ピースをカットした。このピースを、2つの低リリースコーティングされたPETシートの間に配置し、カレンダ加工し、2ロールミルを複数回通過させることによって、薄いフィルムにした。カソードフィルムの最終厚さは、30〜90ミクロンであった。表面粗さは、WYKO垂直走査干渉計(ニューヨーク州プレインビューのヴェッコ・インストルメンツ・インク(Veeco Instruments,Inc.,Plainview,NY))で測定し、溶媒コーティングによって調製されたカソードフィルムよりはるかに優れていることがわかった。このフィルムを、炭素コーティングされたアルミニウム箔(マサチューセッツ州サウス・ハドリーのレクサム・イメージ・プロダクツ(Rexam Image Products,South Hadley,Massachusetts))に積層し、得られたカソードアセンブリを、100Cで80分間、真空室で乾燥させ、電気化学セルに使用するために取っておいた。電気化学セルを製造し、「電気化学セル調製」および「サイクリングプロトコル」に記載される手順に従ってテストした。セル放電容量は、元の容量の80%より大きく、クーロン効率は、100サイクルについて98%より大きかった。
実施例1で調製したカソードアセンブリの1インチ直径サンプルをダイカットし、40kPaの真空および4.24kPaの圧力下で、80Cで15分間固体ポリマー電解質層に積層した。固体ポリマー電解質層は、米国特許第4,897,917号(ゴーシエ(Gauthier)ら)に記載されているように、リチウム金属アノードの一面に貼られている。固体ポリマー電解質組成物を次の通りに調製した。エチレンオキシド/プロピレンオキシド/アリルグリシジルエーテルコポリマー(日本の第一工業製薬から入手可能)100重量部を、4:1体積:体積アセトニトリル:トルエン150重量部に溶解した。リチウムビストリフルオロメチルスルホンイミド21.7重量部およびイルガキュア(Irgacure)651光開始剤(チバ−ガイギー(Ciba−Geigy)から入手可能)1重量部を順次に添加し、各添加後攪拌し、固体が溶解してポリマー溶液を形成した。上記のポリマー溶液のアリコートを、従来のナイフコータを用いて、薄い層(乾燥後、約24umの層を提供するため)でポリプロピレンフィルムバッキング上にコーティングし、次に、80℃で乾燥させ固体ポリマー電解質フィルムを形成した。乾燥直後、得られたフィルムを、室を通過させて、乾燥したコートを紫外光源にさらし、ポリマーを架橋した。次にフィルムを電気化学セルに使用するまで保存した。あるいは固体ポリマー電解質フィルムを任意の押出方法で調製してもよい。電気化学的活性領域は、カソードと固体ポリマー電解質層の間に配置されたポリプロピレンの円形マスクによって規定される。活性領域は、0.6平方インチであった。積層構造体を、ホットメルト接着剤を用いて2つの黄銅シム間でヒートシールした。シーリングプロセスは、周囲雰囲気からの保護、および電気化学的発生に必要な電気的接触を考慮する。
電気化学的サイクリング性能は、次の態様でセルを放電および再充電することによって得られた。放電半サイクル中、セルを、2.55mW定電力で、36秒間または2.0ボルトまで放電し、次に20.4mW定電力で、8秒間または1.7ボルトまで放電し、次に12.75mW定電力で、24秒間または1.7ボルトまで放電し、5.1mW定電力で、8秒間充電し、5.1mW定電力で、32秒間または2.2ボルトまで放電し、5.1mW定電力で、8秒間充電し、14秒間休ませた。ダイナミックストレステスト(DST)としても知られている、この放電および再充電ステップのシーケンスは、所望の放電容量が得られるか、または、電圧下限の1つに達するまで繰返した。その時点で、放電半サイクルが完了し、セルは再充電半サイクルに入り、これは1.2mA定電流で、3.1ボルトまで行われた。セルに対して、このテストサイクルが繰返され、総放電容量および他のサイクリングパラメータを記録した。
(実施例2)
(実施例3)
(実施例4)
(実施例5)
Claims (10)
- 電極成分を配合するための方法であって、前記電極成分は、
活物質と、
導電性材料と、
イオン伝導性ポリマーと、
電解質塩と、
を含み、溶媒が添加されず、
前記方法が、往復単軸押出機を使用して、前記電極成分を処理することを含む方法。 - 各電極成分が溶媒を含有しない乾燥材料である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン伝導体ポリマーがポリアルキレンオキシドポリマーまたはコポリマーを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質塩がヘキサフルオロ砒酸リチウム、過塩素酸リチウム、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム、トリフルオロホウ酸リチウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウム、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、リチウムビス(ペルフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド、リチウムトリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチド、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記押出機が、複数の供給入口と下流押出端部とを含み、
イオン塩が第1の供給位置で前記押出機に供給され、
前記イオン伝導性ポリマー、前記活物質、および前記導電性材料がそれぞれ前記イオン塩供給位置より下流の1以上の供給位置で前記押出機に供給される請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーがメルトとして前記押出機に供給される請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが前記第1の供給位置より下流の第2の位置で前記押出機に供給され、活物質および導電性材料を含む混合物が前記第2の供給位置より下流の第3の供給位置で供給される請求項5に記載の方法。
- イオン伝導性ポリマー、活物質、および導電性材料が配合され、1つの混合物として第2の供給位置で前記押出機に供給される請求項5に記載の方法。
- 活物質、導電性材料、およびイオン伝導性ポリマーを含む混合物が第2の供給位置で供給され、活物質および導電性材料を含む混合物が前記第2の供給位置より下流の第3の供給位置で供給される請求項5に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法に従って調製された電極。
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US09/782,748 US6589299B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-02-13 | Method for making electrode |
PCT/US2001/021086 WO2002065563A1 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-06-29 | Method for making electrode |
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KR (1) | KR100763062B1 (ja) |
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US20020136948A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
DE60130149T2 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
WO2002065563A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
CA2438177A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
US6589299B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
ATE371271T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
EP1360732A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1360732B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
WO2002065563A8 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
JP2004521453A (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
CA2438177C (en) | 2011-05-10 |
KR100763062B1 (ko) | 2007-10-04 |
DE60130149D1 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
KR20040007445A (ko) | 2004-01-24 |
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