JP4836036B2 - 電力コンバータ - Google Patents
電力コンバータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4836036B2 JP4836036B2 JP2007540784A JP2007540784A JP4836036B2 JP 4836036 B2 JP4836036 B2 JP 4836036B2 JP 2007540784 A JP2007540784 A JP 2007540784A JP 2007540784 A JP2007540784 A JP 2007540784A JP 4836036 B2 JP4836036 B2 JP 4836036B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- switch
- node
- power converter
- input
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4837—Flying capacitor converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
Claims (13)
- DC入力電圧を受けるために第1及び第2の電力コンバータ入力間に結合されるとともに、前記入力電圧よりも高いレベル又は前記入力電圧と反対の極性を有する適合入力電圧を供給するための出力を有する電圧レベル増大回路と、
第1及び第2のダウンコンバータ入力と、第1のノードと前記第1のダウンコンバータ入力との間に配置される主電流経路を有する制御スイッチと、前記第1のノードと負荷との間に配置されるインダクタと、前記第1のノードと前記第2のダウンコンバータ入力との間に配置される同期スイッチと、を有するダウンコンバータと、
前記入力電圧又は前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して又は前記第1若しくは第2のダウンコンバータ入力に対して結合するために、前記制御スイッチ及び前記電圧レベル増大回路のスイッチを制御するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記電圧レベル増大回路は、
前記第1の電力コンバータ入力と第2のノードとの間に配置された主電流経路を有する第1の制御可能なスイッチと、
前記第2のノードと前記第2の電力コンバータ入力との間に配置された主電流経路を有する第2の制御可能なスイッチと、
前記第1のノードと前記第2のノードとの間に配置されたキャパシタと、
を備え、
前記コントローラは、前記制御スイッチ又は前記第1の制御可能なスイッチ若しくは前記第2の制御可能なスイッチのうちの一方を動作させて、前記入力電圧又は前記適合入力電圧をそれぞれ前記第1のノードに対して供給することを特徴とする電力コンバータ。 - 前記電圧レベル増大回路は、電圧乗算器の一部を構成していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記コントローラは、二つの動作段階を与えるために、第1の制御信号を前記第1の制御可能なスイッチに対して供給し、第2の制御信号を前記第2の制御可能なスイッチに対して供給し、第3の制御信号を前記制御スイッチに対して供給するように構成されており、
第1の段階では、前記キャパシタを充電し且つ前記入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給するために、前記第1の制御可能なスイッチが開き、前記第2の制御可能なスイッチ及び前記制御スイッチが閉じられ、
第2の段階では、前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給するために、前記制御スイッチ及び前記第2の制御可能なスイッチが開き、前記第1の制御可能なスイッチが閉じられる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。 - 前記コントローラは、二つの動作段階を与えるために、第1の制御信号を前記第1の制御可能なスイッチに対して供給し、第2の制御信号を前記第2の制御可能なスイッチに対して供給し、第3の制御信号を前記制御スイッチに対して供給し、第4の制御信号を前記同期スイッチに対して供給するように構成されており、
第1の段階では、前記インダクタが前記負荷と並列に結合されている間に前記キャパシタを充電するために、前記第1の制御可能なスイッチ及び前記同期スイッチが閉じられ、前記第2の制御可能なスイッチ及び前記制御スイッチが開かれ、
第2の段階では、前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給するために、前記第1の制御可能なスイッチ、前記制御スイッチ及び前記同期スイッチが開き、前記第2の制御可能なスイッチが閉じられる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。 - 前記コントローラは、前記第1の段階及び前記第2の段階において前記電力コンバータを断続的に動作させるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記第1及び第2のダウンコンバータ入力は、前記DC入力電圧を受けるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記コントローラは、負荷により求められるステップを表す負荷ステップ信号を受け取るための入力を有し、前記負荷ステップ信号が所定の値を超える場合に前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記負荷ステップ信号は、前記負荷の両端間の前記電力コンバータの出力電圧、又は、時間に関して微分された前記出力電圧、前記出力電圧と基準電圧との間の差を示すエラー電圧、前記インダクタを流れる電流、又は、前記求められたステップを示す前記負荷の回路中に存在する信号であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記コントローラは、負荷の両端間の前記電力コンバータの出力電圧の所望の出力電圧ステップを表す命令信号を受け取るための入力を有し、前記出力電圧のステップ又はその微分が所定の値を超える場合に前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記コントローラは、負荷の両端間の前記電力コンバータからの出力電圧を受けるための入力を有し、前記出力電圧と前記入力電圧との間の差が所定の値よりも小さくなる場合又は前記出力電圧のレベルが低下して前記所定の値を下回る場合に前記適合入力電圧を前記第1のノードに対して供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 前記ダウンコンバータは、前記第1のノードと、前記インダクタに接続されていない前記負荷の端部との間に配置された更なるスイッチング素子を更に備えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力コンバータ。
- 請求項1に記載の電力コンバータと、前記入力電圧(VIN)を前記電力コンバータに対して供給するためのバッテリと、前記電力コンバータにより供給される前記出力電圧を受けるための増幅器と、を備えることを特徴とするモバイル装置。
- アクティブモードと、アイドルモード、スリープモード又はスタンバイモードのうちの少なくとも一つとを含む種々の動作モードを有する無線送信システムであって、請求項12に記載の少なくとも一つのモバイル装置と、前記少なくとも一つのモバイル装置と通信するための基地局と、を備えることを特徴とする無線送信システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04105733 | 2004-11-12 | ||
EP04105733.2 | 2004-11-12 | ||
PCT/IB2005/053658 WO2006051479A2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-11-08 | A power converter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008520177A JP2008520177A (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
JP4836036B2 true JP4836036B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
Family
ID=36336867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007540784A Active JP4836036B2 (ja) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-11-08 | 電力コンバータ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7960949B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1813011B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4836036B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101167349B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101057386B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006051479A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009183089A (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 蓄電装置の制御装置及びそれを搭載した移動体 |
JP2010080926A (ja) | 2008-08-29 | 2010-04-08 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | Led点灯装置および照明器具 |
GB0816455D0 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2008-10-15 | Univ Aberdeen | Power converter |
US8274264B2 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2012-09-25 | Exar Corporation | Digital control method for improving heavy-to-light (step down) load transient response of switch mode power supplies |
FR2959624A1 (fr) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-04 | St Ericsson Sa | Circuit de conversion de tension continue |
GB201110644D0 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-08-10 | Univ Aberdeen | Converter |
US9235221B2 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2016-01-12 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Early warning strobe for mitigation of line and load transients |
KR101398111B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-05-27 | 주식회사 세미텍 | 직류전압의 이중화 부스트 출력 제어 장치 |
US9893604B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2018-02-13 | Robert W. Horst | Circuit with low DC bias storage capacitors for high density power conversion |
USRE50103E1 (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2024-08-27 | Lion Semiconductor Inc. | Circuits for a hybrid switched capacitor converter |
KR102137359B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-07-23 | 라이온 세미컨덕터 인크. | 하이브리드 스위치드 커패시터 컨버터용 회로 |
US11201493B2 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2021-12-14 | Dialog Semiconductor (Uk) Limited | Circuit for battery charging and system supply, combining capacitive and inductive charging |
CN111293883B (zh) | 2019-01-28 | 2021-07-13 | 展讯通信(上海)有限公司 | 升降压电路及其控制方法 |
CN111293882B (zh) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-07-23 | 展讯通信(上海)有限公司 | 升降压电路及控制方法 |
EP4216419A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-26 | Socionext Inc. | Switched current source circuits |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6242970B1 (en) * | 1999-09-04 | 2001-06-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Charge-pump device and method of sequencing charge-pump switches |
JP2002233139A (ja) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3559645B2 (ja) | 1996-03-08 | 2004-09-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | スイッチング電源装置 |
JP3774324B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-03 | 2006-05-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ソート処理システムおよびソート処理の方法 |
US6172493B1 (en) * | 1999-09-04 | 2001-01-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Switch-mode power converter circuit |
US6452814B1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-09-17 | Technical Witts, Inc. | Zero voltage switching cells for power converters |
FR2834143B1 (fr) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-02-27 | Thales Sa | Hacheur serie a commutation synchrone |
CN1172427C (zh) * | 2002-06-15 | 2004-10-20 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | 含有辅助电源的开关电源电路 |
-
2005
- 2005-11-08 EP EP05801775.7A patent/EP1813011B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-08 JP JP2007540784A patent/JP4836036B2/ja active Active
- 2005-11-08 KR KR1020077013173A patent/KR101167349B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-08 US US11/719,213 patent/US7960949B2/en active Active
- 2005-11-08 WO PCT/IB2005/053658 patent/WO2006051479A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-08 CN CN2005800386519A patent/CN101057386B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6242970B1 (en) * | 1999-09-04 | 2001-06-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Charge-pump device and method of sequencing charge-pump switches |
JP2002233139A (ja) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7960949B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
US20090167262A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
CN101057386B (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
CN101057386A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1813011A2 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
WO2006051479A8 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
WO2006051479A2 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
WO2006051479A3 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1813011B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
KR20070086054A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
KR101167349B1 (ko) | 2012-07-19 |
JP2008520177A (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4836036B2 (ja) | 電力コンバータ | |
TWI303918B (en) | Switching regulator and method for switching output voltage thereof | |
KR100702455B1 (ko) | 출력 전압 변경이 가능한 스위칭 제어 장치 및 이 스위칭제어 장치의 출력 전압 전환 방법 | |
JP4387170B2 (ja) | スイッチングレギュレータ | |
JP5738361B2 (ja) | 電源制御方法 | |
US7898235B2 (en) | Method and apparatus to control voltage conversion mode | |
CN107959421B (zh) | Buck-boost型直流转换器及其控制方法 | |
KR20060096086A (ko) | 스위칭 레귤레이터 | |
EP1277097A1 (en) | Low power mode and feedback arrangement for a switching power converter | |
JP2012130122A (ja) | Dc/dcコンバータならびにそれを用いた電源装置および電子機器 | |
WO2012030952A2 (en) | Reducing ripple current in a switched-mode power converter employing a bridge topology | |
US20220311347A1 (en) | Power supply device and charging control method | |
KR101087689B1 (ko) | 삼각파 발생기를 이용한 고정된 도통시간을 갖는 pfm 모드 제어기 | |
JP2006271112A (ja) | 電力増幅器用電源装置 | |
CN212517041U (zh) | 一种电表拉合闸电路 | |
JP2023123010A (ja) | 充電システム | |
JP2001035681A (ja) | 放電灯点灯装置 | |
JPH10243639A (ja) | 電源回路 | |
JP2003256055A (ja) | トランスレス電源 | |
JP2006325330A (ja) | 電源システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20080626 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20081110 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110415 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110624 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110826 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20110916 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110916 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20141007 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4836036 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |