JP4694688B2 - Nursery soil for machine-planting - Google Patents

Nursery soil for machine-planting Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4694688B2
JP4694688B2 JP2000368226A JP2000368226A JP4694688B2 JP 4694688 B2 JP4694688 B2 JP 4694688B2 JP 2000368226 A JP2000368226 A JP 2000368226A JP 2000368226 A JP2000368226 A JP 2000368226A JP 4694688 B2 JP4694688 B2 JP 4694688B2
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Prior art keywords
soil
surfactant
seedling culture
planting
culture soil
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JP2002171831A (en
Inventor
修一 伊藤
恵美子 粕谷
幸男 佐々木
秀和 寺沢
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Okutama Kogyo Co Ltd
Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Okutama Kogyo Co Ltd
Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
この発明は機械定植用の育苗培土に関し、特にタマネギ等のユリ科作物に適した育苗培土に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
タマネギをはじめとするユリ科作物は、他の作物に比べ根量が少なく、その形態も直根性であるため、苗の根鉢が崩れやすくなっており機械定植が困難である。このため、育苗培土の崩壊性を防止して根鉢の固結性や膠着性を高めるための工夫が種々提案されている。
【0003】
例えば特開平7-322752号公報には、固結剤としてモンモリロナイト系素材と膠着剤としてアルギン酸を加えた培土が記載されている。しかしこのような有機系化合物の膠着剤や固結剤を用いた従来の育苗培土は、固結力が強すぎて根の伸長を妨げ、生育に悪影響を及ぼす場合がある。これに対し、有機系化合物を用いることなく、土壌に30%以上のベントナイトを添加した後、造粒した育苗培土も提案されているが(特開平6-197627号公報)、このようにベントナイトを比較的多量に含む培土は、育苗中に培土が硬くなり、発芽不良や発根障害を起こしやすい。
【0004】
またゼオライトやピートモス、バーミキュライトのような資材であって孔隙率の高い資材にスメクタイト系鉱物質を30%以下添加して、固結性と生育性を高めた機械定植用の培土も提案されている(特開2000-139203号公報)。
【0005】
しかしピートモスのような水に対して撥水する資材は乾燥すると水をはじきやすくなるため、播種作業の妨げとなりやすい。そのため予め水を比較的多量に含有させて親水性を高める必要があるが、スメクタイト系鉱物(モンモリロナイト等)を含む培土中の水分が高いと粘性を生じ、工場生産する際や自動播種機などで土詰めする際に、機械にこびりつき易い等の問題がある。またモンモリロナイトを含む培土は、育苗中に乾燥により固結してしまった場合、潅水時に再び水を培土全体に浸透させにくく、生育に支障をきたすという問題もある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、育苗中は根の生育、伸長を妨げることなく、しかも機械定植を容易に行うことができる育苗培土を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。また本発明は、育苗中の優れた生育が得られる育苗培土を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。さらに本発明は、工場生産作業や自動播種機を用いた土詰め作業における作業性のよい培土を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明者らは、天然ゼオライト中のモンモリロナイトに着目し、その機械定植用培土への適用を研究した結果、天然ゼオライトを使用することによりある程度の固結性が表れたが十分ではなく、天然ゼオライトに所定量以下のベントナイトと微量の界面活性剤を特定形態で添加することにより、十分な固結性を有し、しかも水をむらなく浸透でき、根の伸長が妨げられることのない機械定植用培土が得られることを見出し本発明に至ったものである。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明によれば、30〜60%の天然ゼオライトと、5〜30%のベントナイトと、50〜200ppmの界面活性剤とを含み、水分量を25%以下とした機械定植用の育苗培土を製造する方法が提供される。特に、界面活性剤をポーラス構造を有する資材と混合し、界面活性剤をポーラス構造内に浸透させた複合資材を準備し、この複合資材を用いて育苗培土を製造することを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
また、本発明によれば、30〜60%の天然ゼオライトと、5〜30%のベントナイトと、5〜20%の副資材と、50〜200ppmの界面活性剤とを含み、水分量を25%以下とした機械定植用の育苗培土を製造する方法が提供される。この場合も、上述したのと同様の手順で準備した複合資材を用いて育苗培土を製造することを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
天然ゼオライトは、水に濡れると固結性を呈する。これはゼオライト中に5〜10%程度含まれるモンモリロナイトが膨潤したのち乾燥により固結するためである。しかし、モンモリロナイトの含有量が少ないため機械定植に必要な固結力が得られない。そこで機械定植に必要な程度のモンモリロナイトをベントナイトによって補うことにより、機械定植時の衝撃に耐える強度を確保することができる。
【0011】
このような本発明の育苗培土は、水分状態によって固結力が変化し、生産時や播種機による土詰め時には、水分量を25%以下に抑えることにより、機械にこびりつくことなく、作業性を高めることができる。一方、潅水後の湛水状態では、モンモリロナイトは膨潤しているため根の伸長を妨げることなく、健全な生育を行うことができる。この際、界面活性剤の添加効果により、水が培土全体にスムーズに浸透する。ある程度の乾燥により固結性を発現するが、この際、むらのない安定的な固結性を得ることができ、機械定植の衝撃に耐えることができる。定植後においても土中の水分を吸収するため、その後の生育を妨げることがない。保肥力の優れた天然ゼオライトを主成分として含むことから、育苗中もまた定植後にも優れた生育性が得られる。
【0012】
以下、本発明の機械定植用育苗培土について詳述する。なお本明細書において、%は特に断らない限り重量%を意味する。
【0013】
本発明の機械定植用育苗培土は、天然ゼオライトを主成分とする資材に、培土全体の20%以下のベントナイトと微量の界面活性剤を含有するものであり、天然ゼオライトの含有量は培土全体の30%以上、好適には45%以上とする。
【0014】
今回供試した天然ゼオライトは、陽イオン交換容量(CEC)が150meq/100g以上と非常に高く、土壌やベントナイトに比べ優れた保肥力を有する。このような天然ゼオライトを30%以上含有することにより、タマネギ等の長期育苗作物の生育に好影響を及ぼし、さらに圃場に定植後にも効果が持続するため、その後も肥切れを起こすことなく順調に生育させることができる。但し、天然ゼオライトの配合量が60%を超える場合には、培土の物理的特性を好適に保つことができず、正常な生育を保つことができないため、60%以下であることが好ましい。
【0015】
ベントナイトは、粘土鉱物の一種であるモンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土で、水に濡れると膨潤する性質を有し、本発明の培土の固結性を増強する。ベントナイトの固結力は、モンモリロナイトの含有量によっても異なり、モンモリロナイトを35〜40%含有するベントナイトを5〜30%程度配合することにより、機械定植に必要な固結性を得ることができる。モンモリロナイトの含有量がこれより多いベントナイトでは5%より少なくても同様の効果を得ることができる。但し製造時のバラツキをなくすために、モンモリロナイトの含有量が35〜40%であるベントナイト(日本産のベントナイトは通常この範囲である)を用いることが好ましい。一方、ベントナイトの配合量が多すぎると、培土が硬くなり、発芽不良や発根障害を起こしやすい。従ってベントナイトの配合量は5〜30%、好適には10〜20%とする。
【0016】
本発明の育苗培土は、上述した天然ゼオライト、ベントナイトの他に、さらにポーラス構造を有する資材を含有することが好ましい。ポーラス構造を有する資材とは、多数の小さな空隙を有するものを意味し、パーライトや軽石のように小さな孔を多数有するもの、スポンジ構造のもの、バーミキュライトのように層状のもの、ピートモス、ココナッツ繊維、バナナ繊維等の繊維状のものを含む。このようなポーラス構造の資材は、後述する界面活性剤との併用にあたり、界面活性剤を担持する担持体として機能し、界面活性剤と他の資材との均一な混合を容易にするとともに界面活性剤の効果を長期にわたって持続させる。
【0017】
ポーラス構造を有する資材を界面活性剤の担持体として添加する場合、予めポーラス構造の資材と界面活性剤とを混合して、界面活性剤をポーラス構造内に浸透させた複合資材とし、これを本発明の培土を構成する他の資材と混合することが好ましい。
【0018】
またポーラス構造の資材は、それ自体が培土の透水性を高める効果も有するので、本発明の育苗培土の透水性、保水性を高めるための副資材として添加することができる。その場合、通常5〜20重量%程度添加することができる。
【0019】
界面活性剤は、本発明の育苗培土において、水の浸透性を高め、乾燥時の固結安定性を得るために添加されるものであり、ノニオン系、アニオン系のいずれの界面活性剤も使用できる。ノニオン系としては、例えばポリエチレングリコール系のものや、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェニルエーテルなどエーテル系のもの等が挙げられる。アニオン系としては、ジオクチルスルホサクシネート、ジオクチルスルホコハク酸、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸エステル等のエステル系のものが挙げられる。
【0020】
界面活性剤は、一般にピートモス等の透水性の悪い土や水をはじきやすい培土の親水性を高めるために用いられており、そのような効果を得るためには例えば0.001〜0.5部用いることが必要とされている(例えば特開平8-37924号公報、特開平10-191780号公報など)。本発明においては、上述したように界面活性剤は、透水性を向上させるとともに安定した固結性を発揮させるために添加されるものであり、このような効果を得るため添加量は10ppm以上、200ppm以下とする。添加量が200ppmを超えた場合には、生育を阻害する傾向がある。一方、添加量が10ppm未満の場合には、植物の生育への悪影響はなくなるが、上述した添加効果が得られない。そこで添加量は50〜100ppmとするのが好ましい。
【0021】
界面活性剤は、本発明の育苗培土の主資材に直接混合することも可能であるが、好適には前述したように、界面活性剤を水溶液としてポーラス構造を有する資材と所定の割合で十分に混合したものをピートモス等の副資材や主資材に混合することが好ましい。これによって、界面活性剤を均一に混合することができる。また界面活性剤は、ポーラス構造の資材に担持されているので、その効果が長期にわたって持続する。
【0022】
次に本発明の育苗培土の製造方法の一例を説明する。但し、本発明の育苗培土は下記製造方法に限定されるものではない。
【0023】
まず界面活性剤を60〜80℃の温水に添加し、十分撹拌し、界面活性剤溶液を調製する。これをポーラス構造の資材に十分混合し、撥水防止剤とする。
次にピートモスを解砕機で細かく砕き、これに散水し、水によくなじませ、さらにパーライトを混合しながら、上記のように調製した撥水防止剤を添加し混合する。この場合、流動性を確保するために水の量を制限し、培土水分が25%以下となるようにする。これによって自動播種機による土詰めを均一に行うことができる。
【0024】
一方、ベントナイトに、作物に応じた肥料を添加し、事前に混合しておく。上述したピートモスとパーライトの混合物および撥水防止剤と天然ゼオライトを大型ミキサーに投入して予備混合した後、肥料と混合したベントナイトを加えて更に混合し本発明の育苗培土を得ることができる。
【0025】
本発明の育苗培土は、天然ゼオライトを主成分とし、比較的少量のベントナイトを含有することにより、根の順調な伸長を促進することができ、しかも固結力に優れ、機械定植に適した強度を保つことができる。また微量の界面活性剤が添加されていることにより、潅水時の水の浸透を円滑にし、安定な固結性を得ることができる。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の育苗培土の実施例について説明する。
【0027】
[実施例1]
界面活性剤(アニオン系:第一工業(株)製)を60〜80℃の温水に添加し、ハンドミキサーにて十分撹拌し、その後、消泡のため一晩放置した。この界面活性剤溶液をポーラス資材に添加し、十分に混合し撥水防止剤を得た。
次にピートモスを解砕機で7mm以下に細かく砕き、散水しながら加え、よくなじませた。これにパーライトを加え、混合した後、さらに上記のように調製した撥水防止剤を加え混合した。
【0028】
またベントナイトに、チッ素730mg/l、リン酸2000mg/l、カリ330mg/lとなるように化学肥料を添加し、小型ミキサーで混合した。
撥水防止剤とパーライトとピートモスとの混合物およびゼオライトを大型ミキサーに投入して予備混合した後、肥料を含むベントナイトを加え更に混合して育苗培土を得た。各資材の割合は、下記のようにした。
【0029】
ゼオライト 30〜60%
ピートモス 10〜30%
パーライト 5〜20%
ベントナイト 5〜20%
水 5〜10%
また撥水防止剤は、培土1リットル当たりの界面活性剤の添加量が100mg(100ppm)となるように添加した。
【0030】
1.タマネギの生育性および固結性の評価
育苗培土を育苗容器(チェーンポットBP-253:日本甜菜製糖(株)製)に入れて、タマネギ種子(品種:ターボ)を1区(30cm×60cm)当たり364本となるように播種した。これをガラス温室内で約2ヶ月棚置き育苗し、生育性、および培土の固結性を評価した。
【0031】
生育性は、発芽率(%)、草丈(cm)、茎径(mm)、地上部重(g)、根重(g)をそれぞれ測定し、各区10本の平均値を求めた。固結性については、定植適期苗を地上30cmの高さから落下させ、根鉢の崩壊率(重量%)を測定し、10回の測定の平均値を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
比較例として市販の育苗培土を用いて、実施例1と同様にタマネギの播種、育苗を行ない、生育性および培土の固結性を評価した。結果を併せて表1に示す。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0004694688
【0033】
表1の結果からも明らかなように、実施例の育苗培土を用いた場合には、草丈が高く茎径の太い苗を生育させることができ、地上部重、根重ともに市販の培土に比べ優れていた。これは、本実施例の培土は、固結性が生育を妨げない程度であり、また天然ゼオライトに起因する高い保肥力を有するためと考えられる。また機械定植時には、落下による衝撃程度ではほとんど崩壊しない固結性が得られることが確認された。
【0034】
2.タマネギの収量性
上記生育性の評価に用いた育苗培土と同じ育苗培土を用いて、タマネギ種子(品種:カムイ)を播種し、ビニールハウス内で約2ヶ月置床育苗した後、専用移植機により定植し、4ヵ月後に収穫した。対照区として、同じタマネギ種子を用いて、みのる式(特開平4-335826号公報に記載される、アルギン酸塩水溶液による培土の処理を含む方法)による育苗および定植を行ない、4ヵ月後に収穫した。
【0035】
実施例の育苗培土を用いた育苗試験区と、みのる式の対照区について、それぞれ収穫したタマネギの総球重および大きさを比較した結果を表2に示す。
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 0004694688
【0037】
表2の結果からもわかるように、本実施例の育苗培土を用いた育苗試験区で収穫したタマネギは、球の肥大が優れ、重量、大きさともに対照区のものを上回り、約2割の増収となった。これは、培土中の天然ゼオライトが定植後も保肥力を発揮し、生育を促進したためと考えられる。
【0038】
[実施例2]
界面活性剤の種類を表1に示すようなノニオン系3種類、アニオン系4種類をそれぞれ用いるとともに、その添加量を10ppm、50ppm、100ppm、500ppmと変えて、28種の培土試料を得た。これら28種類の培土試料について、土壌透水性測定器(大起理化工業株式会社製)を用いて次のように透水性を測定した。まず土壌サンプルを100ccのコアに詰め、コア上方より給水し、下方より流れ出た水が100ccのメスシリンダーにたまるまでの時間を測定した。結果を表3に示す。なお、表中「600以上」とは600秒(10分)経過しても、100ccに満たなかった場合を意味する。
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 0004694688
【0040】
表3の結果からわかるように、界面活性剤の種類によって 透水性には差があるが、ノニオン系に比べアニオン系の界面活性剤を用いた場合に透水性が大幅に向上することがわかった。また添加量が多いほど透水性は向上した。
【0041】
[実施例3]
実施例1の撥水防止剤の代わりに、パーライトと水を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、界面活性剤無添加の標準培土を作成した。この標準培土に上記実施例2で透水性のよかった3種の界面活性剤を、その添加量を10ppm、50ppm、100ppm、200ppm、500ppmと変えて添加し、植物への影響を評価した。評価は、無添加培土を用いた無添加区、界面活性剤添加培土を用いた添加区でそれぞれミニトマト、キュウリ、ネギを育苗し、外観上の生育状態を観察し、無添加区と同じ場合を○、無添加区より生育が劣る場合を△、生育しない或いは発芽しない場合を×とした。結果を表4に示す。
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 0004694688
【0043】
表4の結果からもわかるように、ミニトマトおよびネギについては、界面活性剤の添加量が500ppmの場合には無添加区に比べ生育が劣るかまったく生育しなかった。キュウリについては1種の界面活性剤の添加量が500ppmの場合に生育しなかった。界面活性剤の添加量が100ppmの場合には、1種の界面活性剤で無添加区よりも生育が劣ったが、それ以外は無添加区と同様の良好な生育状態であった。
【0044】
表3と表4の結果から、界面活性剤の量が多いほど透水性は向上するが、植物への悪影響を与えないためには、100ppm以下とすることが望ましいことがわかる。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上の実施例からも明らかなように、本発明の方法により製造された育苗培土は育苗時には根の順調な伸長を阻害することがなく、しかも定植時には機械定植時の衝撃に耐えうる固結力を有している。従ってタマネギのように直根性で根が崩れやすい苗の生育を妨げることなく機械定植可能にすることができる。また本発明の方法により製造された育苗培土は、育苗中のみならず定植後にも優れた保肥力を発揮し、重量、サイズとも大きな作物を収穫することができる。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a seedling culture soil for machine-planting, and more particularly to a seedling culture soil suitable for a lily family crop such as an onion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Liliaceae crops such as onions have less root mass than other crops, and their shape is straight-rooted. For this reason, various ideas for preventing the disintegration property of the seedling culture soil and improving the caking property and the sticking property of the root pot have been proposed.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-322752 describes a soil in which a montmorillonite-based material is added as a caking agent and alginic acid is added as an adhesive. However, conventional seedling culture soils using such organic compound glues and caking agents have a strong caking strength, which may prevent root growth and adversely affect growth. On the other hand, a seedling culture soil that has been granulated after adding 30% or more of bentonite to the soil without using an organic compound has been proposed (JP-A-6-197627). A soil containing a relatively large amount of the soil becomes hard during the seedling raising, and is prone to germination failure and rooting failure.
[0004]
In addition, a soil for mechanical planting with improved caking and growth by adding 30% or less of smectite mineral to materials with high porosity, such as zeolite, peat moss and vermiculite, has also been proposed. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-139203).
[0005]
However, materials that repel water with respect to water, such as peat moss, tend to repel water when dried, which tends to hinder sowing work. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the hydrophilicity by containing a relatively large amount of water in advance. However, if the moisture in the soil containing the smectite mineral (montmorillonite, etc.) is high, it will become viscous and can be used in factory production or in an automatic sowing machine. When packing the soil, there is a problem that it tends to stick to the machine. Moreover, when the culture soil containing montmorillonite is solidified by drying during raising seedlings, there is also a problem that it is difficult for water to permeate the entire culture soil again during irrigation, which hinders growth.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a seedling culture soil that can be easily planted without disturbing root growth and elongation during seedling raising. Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the method of manufacturing the raising seedling culture soil from which the outstanding growth in raising a seedling is obtained. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a cultivated soil with good workability in a factory production operation or a soil filling operation using an automatic seeding machine.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors paid attention to montmorillonite in natural zeolite and studied its application to a soil for mechanical planting. As a result, a certain degree of caking property was exhibited by using natural zeolite. However , by adding a certain amount or less of bentonite and a small amount of surfactant in a specific form to natural zeolite, it has sufficient caking properties and can penetrate water evenly, preventing root elongation. The present inventors have found that a soil for machine-planting can be obtained that is never produced.
[0008]
That is, according to the present invention , the seedling culture soil for mechanical planting containing 30 to 60% natural zeolite, 5 to 30% bentonite, and 50 to 200 ppm surfactant and having a moisture content of 25% or less. A method of manufacturing is provided. In particular, it is characterized in that a surfactant is mixed with a material having a porous structure, a composite material in which the surfactant is infiltrated into the porous structure is prepared, and a seedling culture soil is produced using this composite material. is there.
[0009]
In addition , according to the present invention, it contains 30 to 60% natural zeolite, 5 to 30% bentonite, 5 to 20% auxiliary materials, and 50 to 200 ppm surfactant, and has a moisture content of 25%. method of manufacturing a seedling soil follows the machine械定planting for is provided. Also in this case, the seedling culture soil is manufactured using the composite material prepared in the same procedure as described above.
[0010]
Natural zeolite exhibits caking properties when wet. This is because montmorillonite contained in the zeolite at about 5 to 10% swells and then solidifies by drying. However, since the content of montmorillonite is small, the consolidation force required for mechanical planting cannot be obtained. Therefore, by supplementing montmorillonite to the extent necessary for mechanical planting with bentonite, it is possible to ensure the strength to withstand the impact during mechanical planting.
[0011]
Such a seedling culture soil of the present invention has a solidification force that changes depending on the moisture state, and suppresses the amount of moisture to 25% or less during production or when stuffing with a seeding machine, so that workability can be improved without sticking to the machine. Can be increased. On the other hand, in the flooded state after irrigation, since montmorillonite is swollen, it can perform healthy growth without hindering root elongation. At this time, water penetrates smoothly into the entire soil due to the effect of addition of the surfactant. Although solidification is expressed by a certain degree of drying, stable solidification without unevenness can be obtained, and the impact of mechanical planting can be withstood. Even after planting, it absorbs moisture in the soil, so it does not hinder subsequent growth. Because it contains natural zeolite with excellent fertilizing power as the main component, excellent viability can be obtained both during raising seedlings and after planting.
[0012]
Hereinafter, the seedling culture soil for machine-planting of the present invention will be described in detail. In the present specification, “%” means “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
[0013]
The seedling culture soil for mechanical planting according to the present invention contains 20% or less of bentonite and a small amount of a surfactant in the material mainly composed of natural zeolite, and the content of natural zeolite is 30% or more, preferably 45% or more.
[0014]
The natural zeolite tested this time has a very high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 150 meq / 100g or more, and has excellent fertilizer capacity compared to soil and bentonite. By containing 30% or more of such natural zeolite, it has a positive effect on the growth of long-term seedling crops such as onions, and the effect continues after planting in the field. Can be grown. However, when the blending amount of natural zeolite exceeds 60%, the physical characteristics of the soil cannot be suitably maintained, and normal growth cannot be maintained.
[0015]
Bentonite is a clay mainly composed of montmorillonite, which is a kind of clay mineral, and has a property of swelling when wetted with water, and enhances the caking property of the soil of the present invention. The caking strength of bentonite varies depending on the content of montmorillonite, and by blending about 5 to 30% of bentonite containing 35 to 40% of montmorillonite, the caking property necessary for mechanical planting can be obtained. If the content of montmorillonite is higher than this, the same effect can be obtained even if it is less than 5%. However, in order to eliminate variation during production, it is preferable to use bentonite having a montmorillonite content of 35 to 40% (Japanese bentonite is usually in this range). On the other hand, if the amount of bentonite is too large, the soil becomes hard and prone to germination failure and rooting failure. Therefore, the blending amount of bentonite is 5 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20%.
[0016]
The seedling culture soil of the present invention preferably contains a material having a porous structure in addition to the above-mentioned natural zeolite and bentonite. A material having a porous structure means a material having a large number of small voids, a material having a large number of small holes such as perlite or pumice, a material having a sponge structure, a layered material such as vermiculite, peat moss, coconut fiber, Includes fibrous materials such as banana fiber. Such a porous structure material functions as a carrier for supporting the surfactant in combination with the surfactant described later, facilitating uniform mixing of the surfactant and other materials and the surface activity. Sustain the effect of the agent over a long period of time.
[0017]
When a material having a porous structure is added as a support for a surfactant, a material having a porous structure and a surfactant are mixed in advance to obtain a composite material in which the surfactant is infiltrated into the porous structure. It is preferable to mix with other materials constituting the culture medium of the invention.
[0018]
Moreover, since the material of porous structure itself has the effect of increasing the water permeability of the culture soil, it can be added as a secondary material for increasing the water permeability and water retention of the seedling culture soil of the present invention. In that case, about 5 to 20% by weight can be usually added.
[0019]
Surfactant is added in the seedling culture soil of the present invention in order to increase water permeability and to obtain consolidation stability during drying. Both nonionic and anionic surfactants are used. it can. Nonionic types include, for example, polyethylene glycol type and ether type such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ether. Examples of the anionic series include ester series such as dioctylsulfosuccinate, dioctylsulfosuccinic acid, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate, and the like.
[0020]
Surfactants are generally used to increase the hydrophilicity of soils with poor water permeability such as peat moss and soils that easily repel water. To obtain such effects, it is necessary to use 0.001 to 0.5 parts, for example. (For example, JP-A-8-37924 and JP-A-10-191780). In the present invention, as described above, the surfactant is added in order to improve water permeability and to exhibit a stable caking property, and in order to obtain such an effect, the addition amount is 10 ppm or more, 200ppm or less. When the added amount exceeds 200 ppm, the growth tends to be inhibited. On the other hand, when the addition amount is less than 10 ppm, there is no adverse effect on the growth of the plant, but the above-described addition effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the addition amount is preferably 50 to 100 ppm.
[0021]
The surfactant can be directly mixed with the main material of the seedling culture soil of the present invention, but as described above, the surfactant is preferably used as an aqueous solution and sufficiently in a predetermined ratio with the material having a porous structure. It is preferable to mix the mixed material with a subsidiary material such as peat moss or a main material. As a result, the surfactant can be mixed uniformly. Further, since the surfactant is supported on the porous material, the effect is maintained for a long time.
[0022]
Next, an example of the manufacturing method of the seedling culture soil of this invention is demonstrated. However, the seedling culture soil of the present invention is not limited to the following production method.
[0023]
First, a surfactant is added to warm water of 60 to 80 ° C., and stirred sufficiently to prepare a surfactant solution. This is sufficiently mixed with a porous material to form a water repellent.
Next, peat moss is finely pulverized with a crusher, sprinkled with water, blended well with water, and further mixed with pearlite, the water repellent prepared as described above is added and mixed. In this case, in order to ensure fluidity, the amount of water is limited so that the soil moisture becomes 25% or less. This makes it possible to uniformly pack the soil with an automatic seeder.
[0024]
On the other hand, fertilizer according to the crop is added to bentonite and mixed in advance. The above mixture of peat moss and pearlite and the water repellent and natural zeolite are put into a large mixer and premixed, and bentonite mixed with fertilizer is added and further mixed to obtain the seedling culture soil of the present invention.
[0025]
The seedling culture soil of the present invention contains natural zeolite as a main component and contains a relatively small amount of bentonite, so that it can promote the smooth growth of roots, has excellent caking power, and is suitable for mechanical planting. Can keep. In addition, the addition of a trace amount of surfactant makes it possible to smoothly permeate water during irrigation and to obtain stable caking properties.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the seedling culture soil of the present invention will be described.
[0027]
[Example 1]
A surfactant (anionic: manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to hot water at 60 to 80 ° C., sufficiently stirred with a hand mixer, and then left overnight for defoaming. This surfactant solution was added to a porous material and mixed well to obtain a water repellent.
Next, peat moss was finely pulverized to 7 mm or less with a crusher, added while sprinkling water, and well blended. Perlite was added thereto and mixed, and then the water repellent agent prepared as described above was further added and mixed.
[0028]
Moreover, chemical fertilizer was added to bentonite so that it might become nitrogen 730 mg / l, phosphoric acid 2000 mg / l, and potassium 330 mg / l, and it mixed with the small mixer.
A mixture of a water repellent, pearlite and peat moss and zeolite were put into a large mixer and premixed, and bentonite containing fertilizer was added and further mixed to obtain a seedling culture soil. The ratio of each material was as follows.
[0029]
Zeolite 30-60%
Pete Moss 10-30%
Perlite 5-20%
Bentonite 5-20%
5-10% water
The water repellent was added so that the amount of the surfactant added per liter of the soil was 100 mg (100 ppm).
[0030]
1. Evaluation of growth and solidification of onion Place the seedling culture soil in a seedling container (Chainpot BP-253: manufactured by Nippon Sugar Sugar Co., Ltd.) and put onion seeds (variety: turbo) in the first section (30cm x 60cm) ) Sowing so that there were 364 per hit. The seedlings were raised on a shelf in a glass greenhouse for about 2 months, and the growth and the solidification of the soil were evaluated.
[0031]
For viability, the germination rate (%), plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), above-ground weight (g), and root weight (g) were measured, and the average value of 10 in each group was determined. As for the caking property, seedlings at a suitable time for planting were dropped from a height of 30 cm above the ground, the decay rate (% by weight) of the root pot was measured, and the average value of 10 measurements was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a comparative example, using commercially available seedling culture soil, onion seeding and seedling were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the viability and soil solidification were evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004694688
[0033]
As is apparent from the results in Table 1, when the seedling culture soil of the example is used, seedlings with a high plant height and a thick stem diameter can be grown. It was excellent. This is presumably because the soil of this example has such a high fertilizer that the caking property does not hinder growth and that is attributed to natural zeolite. In addition, it was confirmed that caking property that hardly collapses by the impact of dropping can be obtained at the time of mechanical planting.
[0034]
2. Onion yield The onion seeds (variety: Kamui) were sown using the same seedling culture soil used for the above-mentioned evaluation of growth, and then the seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse for about 2 months, and then a dedicated transplanter. Planted and harvested 4 months later. As a control, the same onion seeds were used for seedling raising and planting by Minoru formula (a method including soil treatment with an alginate aqueous solution described in JP-A-4-335826), and harvested after 4 months.
[0035]
Table 2 shows the results of comparing the total ball weight and size of the harvested onions for the seedling test group using the seedling culture soil of the example and the control group of the Minoru formula.
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004694688
[0037]
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the onion harvested in the seedling test area using the seedling culture soil of this example has excellent ball enlargement, and both the weight and size exceed those of the control area, about 20%. Sales increased. This is thought to be because the natural zeolite in the soil showed fertilizer retention even after planting and promoted growth.
[0038]
[Example 2]
28 types of soil samples were obtained by using three types of nonionic surfactants and four types of anionic surfactants as shown in Table 1 and changing the amounts of the surfactants to 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm. About these 28 kinds of cultivated soil samples, the water permeability was measured as follows using a soil permeability measuring device (manufactured by Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). First, the soil sample was packed in a 100 cc core, water was supplied from above the core, and the time until the water flowing out from below accumulated in the 100 cc graduated cylinder was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. Note that “600 or more” in the table means a case where it has not reached 100 cc even after 600 seconds (10 minutes) have passed.
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004694688
[0040]
As can be seen from the results in Table 3, there is a difference in water permeability depending on the type of surfactant, but it was found that the water permeability was greatly improved when an anionic surfactant was used compared to the nonionic surfactant. . Moreover, water permeability improved, so that there was much addition amount.
[0041]
[Example 3]
Instead of the water repellent agent of Example 1, a standard soil without addition of a surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pearlite and water were used. Three kinds of surfactants having good water permeability in the above Example 2 were added to the standard soil with the addition amounts changed to 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 500 ppm, and the influence on plants was evaluated. Evaluation is the same as in the non-additive group, after growing cherry tomatoes, cucumbers and green onions in the additive-free group using the additive-free soil and in the additive group using the surfactant-added soil. Was marked with ◯, when the growth was inferior to that of the additive-free group, and when it did not grow or germinated. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004694688
[0043]
As can be seen from the results in Table 4, when cherry tomatoes and leeks were added with a surfactant amount of 500 ppm, the growth was inferior or did not grow at all compared to the non-added group. Cucumbers did not grow when the amount of one surfactant added was 500 ppm. When the addition amount of the surfactant was 100 ppm, the growth was inferior to that of the non-added group with one surfactant, but the other growth conditions were the same as in the non-added group.
[0044]
From the results in Tables 3 and 4, it is understood that the water permeability is improved as the amount of the surfactant is increased, but in order not to adversely affect the plant, it is desirable to set it to 100 ppm or less.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above examples, the seedling culture soil produced by the method of the present invention does not inhibit the smooth growth of roots when raising seedlings, and it can withstand the impact of mechanical planting when planting. have. Therefore, it is possible to make a mechanical planting without hindering the growth of seedlings that are straight-rooted and tend to break down like onions. In addition, the seedling culture soil produced by the method of the present invention exhibits excellent fertilizing ability not only during seedling but also after planting, and can harvest crops that are large in weight and size.

Claims (5)

30〜60%の天然ゼオライトと、5〜30%のベントナイトと、50〜200ppmの界面活性剤とを含み、水分量を25%以下とした機械定植用育苗培土を製造する方法であって、
前記界面活性剤をポーラス構造を有する資材と混合し、前記界面活性剤をポーラス構造内に浸透させた複合資材を準備し、この複合資材を用いて前記育苗培土を製造することを特徴とする育苗培土の製造方法。
And 30% to 60% of natural zeolite, and 5-30% of bentonite, and a surfactant 50 to 200 ppm, the water content a method for producing a seedling soil for machine械定planting was 25% or less ,
Seedlings characterized in that the surfactant is mixed with a material having a porous structure, a composite material in which the surfactant is infiltrated into the porous structure is prepared, and the seedling culture soil is produced using the composite material A method for producing soil.
30〜60%の天然ゼオライトと、5〜30%のベントナイトと、5〜20%の副資材と、50〜200ppmの界面活性剤とを含み、水分量を25%以下とした機械定植用の育苗培土を製造する方法であって、
前記界面活性剤をポーラス構造を有する資材と混合し、前記界面活性剤をポーラス構造内に浸透させた複合資材を準備し、この複合資材を用いて前記育苗培土を製造することを特徴とする育苗培土の製造方法。
And 30% to 60% of natural zeolite, 5 to 30% of bentonite, 5 to 20% of auxiliary materials, and a surfactant 50 to 200 ppm, water content follows the machine械定for planting 25% A method for producing a seedling culture soil ,
Seedlings characterized in that the surfactant is mixed with a material having a porous structure, a composite material in which the surfactant is infiltrated into the porous structure is prepared, and the seedling culture soil is produced using the composite material A method for producing soil.
前記界面活性剤がアニオン系界面活性剤であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の育苗培土の製造方法 Manufacturing method of rearing seedlings soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant. 前記ポーラス構造を有する資材が、ピートモス、パーライト、バーミキュライト、ココナツ繊維、バナナ繊維から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の育苗培土の製造方法Said material having a porous structure, peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, a manufacturing method of rearing seedlings soil according to coconut fiber, any one of claims 1 to 3 is at least one selected from banana fibers. 請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の方法により製造された育苗培土をタマネギ又はネギの生育に用いることを特徴とする培土の使用方法。  A method for using culture soil, wherein the seedling culture soil produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for growing onions or leeks.
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JPH06197627A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-19 Otsuka Sangyo:Kk Culture soil for raising onion seedling and its production
JPH11116950A (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-04-27 Mitsui Chem Inc Formed item and its manufacture
JPH11256160A (en) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-21 Ts Shokubutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Soil penetrant

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JPH06197627A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-19 Otsuka Sangyo:Kk Culture soil for raising onion seedling and its production
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JPH11256160A (en) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-21 Ts Shokubutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Soil penetrant

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