JP2007244393A - Method for preparing seedling-raising culture soil, seedling-raising culture soil and set for preparing seedling-raising culture soil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a seedling-raising culture soil that causes no collapse of the root pot part or no deficiency in the root part, when the growing seedlings are transplanted with machine, by suppressing the poor solidification and also the deterioration of solidification performance with time in the seedling-raising culture soil. <P>SOLUTION: A seedling-raising culture soil-solidifying agent is added to the seedling-raising culture soil base material on the sowing time, thereby the poor solidification of the seedling-raising culture soil and the deterioration of solidification performance with time can be suppressed. The seedling-raising culture soil-solidifying agent means a substance that can react with multivalent cation included in the seedling-raising culture soil base material and can solidify the culture soil and a high molecular compound bearing carboxyl group or its salt and sulfonic acid group or its salt. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for preparing a seedling culture soil for agricultural and horticultural crops, a seedling culture soil, and a set for preparing a seedling culture soil. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a seedling culture medium, a seedling culture medium, and a set for preparing a seedling culture medium, which are preferably used when cultivating plants having relatively few roots such as vegetables such as onions and leeks.

  In recent years, for the purpose of rationalizing agricultural and horticultural work and increasing the yield of crops, concentrated seedling growth and transplantation of growing seedlings by machines have been actively performed. The conventional transplanting of growing seedlings using a machine will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  Generally, as shown in FIG. 1, a grown seedling to be transplanted is grown using a container 1 made of polystyrene having a diameter of several centimeters or less and having a bowl shape. The container 1 is called a cell, and the connected body 2 connected to the cells is called a cell tray, and the seedling 3 grown using such a container 1 is called a cell-molded seedling.

  At the time of transplantation, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the seedling claw 4 provided in the transplanting machine is inserted into the root of the seedling 3 in each cell, and the seedling 3 is extracted from the container 1 together with the culture medium. Is done. Subsequently, after the extracted seedling 3 is transferred to the planting unit 5, planting on the ridge is performed. Thus, at the time of transplantation by a machine, the seedling is taken out together with the soil by the seedling picking nail, or arranged so as to be able to penetrate the hole 6 drilled in the bottom of the container 1 as shown in FIG. Since it is necessary to plant the seedlings together with the cultivated soil with the extruding rod 7, the cell-shaped seedlings form so-called root pots in which the roots of the crop wrap the cultivated soil in the cells as shown in FIG. preferable.

  However, in such a mechanized method, it is easy to obtain a relatively uniform and strong seedling, but when transplanting the seedling and the seedling culture soil, which is the culture soil filled in the cell to grow the seedling, It was a major factor that caused the soil of the root part of the seedling (hereinafter referred to as “root pot part”) to collapse and the root part to be lost, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the transplanting work. In particular, transplantation inefficiency has been pointed out in plants with relatively few roots such as onions and leeks.

  As a technique for solving these points, a method is known in which a seedling culture soil is solidified by using a seedling culture solidifying agent and reacting this with a polyvalent cation contained in the seedling culture substrate. For example, after sowing seedlings on a commercial soil in which a polymer compound containing at least one of a carboxyl group or a salt thereof as a seedling culture solidifying agent, or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is previously mixed in a seedling culture substrate, A method for solidifying and packaging a seedling culture soil by irrigation is known. In such culturing, when the initial irrigation after sowing, the polymer compound that is the seedling culture solidifying agent dissolves in water and spreads, and for the first time, the ions in the seedling culture solidifying agent and the polyvalent cations in the seedling culturing base material Reacts to form a gel and solidifies the seedling culture soil.

  However, in the above-described conventional method, since the seedling cultivating base material and the seedling cultivating material solidifying agent are mixed in advance and the mixture is packaged and provided for practical use as a product, A slight amount of water becomes a medium, and the seedling culture solidifying agent reacts with the polyvalent cation to cause gel formation. For this reason, at the time of use, that is, at the time of sowing, there arises a problem that the predetermined solidification performance of the seedling culture solidifying agent is lost or uniform solidification cannot be achieved.

  For this reason, very careful attention is required for storage management of such products, and even if strict management is performed, it is difficult to maintain the solidification performance for a long period of time.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to prevent collapse of the root pot part or loss of the root part during transplanting of the grown seedlings, and is particularly suitable for transplanting by a machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing seedling culture soil, a seedling culture soil and a set for preparing seedling culture soil.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present application separated and packaged the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent and the seedling cultivating soil base material, and added and mixed them at the time of sowing, so that The inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.

  That is, the method for preparing seedling cultivating soil according to the present invention is characterized by adding and mixing a seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent to a seedling cultivating soil base material at the time of sowing in order to solve the above problems.

According to the above configuration, since the seedling cultivating base material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent are separated, a slight amount of water in the seedling cultivating soil base material becomes a medium, and occurs between the seedling cultivating ground material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent The solidification reaction can be prevented until just before sowing. Thereby, the time-dependent deterioration of the solidification performance during preservation of the seedling culture soil can be prevented. This also prevents the loss of the gel-forming ability of the seedling culture solidifying agent during storage of the seedling culture soil, so that the seedling culture solidifying agent dissolves and spreads evenly in the soil due to the water during irrigation after sowing. Can be solidified well. In addition, the time of sowing means immediately before the sowing work and a period of about 6 days before the work. However, the shorter the interval between addition, mixing, sowing, and irrigation, the solidification performance of the seedling culture soil becomes shorter. preferable.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method for preparing a seedling culture soil according to the present invention includes a step of filling a cell tray with seedling culture soil prepared by addition and mixing in addition to the structure of claim 1 at the time of sowing. It is preferable.

  According to the above configuration, the seedling culture soil in the seedling container can be well solidified by irrigating after seeding on the seedling culture soil filled in the cell tray, which is particularly suitable at the time of transplantation by a machine.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the method for preparing a seedling culture medium according to the present invention preferably includes a bulking agent added to the seedling culture solidifying agent in addition to the structure of claim 1.

  According to the above configuration, the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent can be added to and mixed with the seedling cultivating soil base material more uniformly, and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent can be spread evenly and solidify the seedling cultivating soil more uniformly. In addition, the work efficiency can be improved.

  In order to solve the above problems, the method for preparing a seedling cultivating soil according to the present invention, in addition to the structure of claim 1, 2 or 3, the addition amount of the nurturing seedling cultivating agent is 0 with respect to the seedling culturing base material. It is preferably 2 to 4% by weight.

  According to said structure, while being able to aim at sufficient solidification about each seedling cultivation soil base material, a plant can germinate normally.

  In order to solve the above problems, the method for preparing a seedling cultivating soil according to the present invention, in addition to the structure of claim 1, 2 or 3, the addition amount of the nurturing seedling cultivating agent is 0 with respect to the seedling culturing base material. It is preferably 6 to 2% by weight.

  According to said structure, while being able to aim at the solidification more stably about each raising seedling culture base material, a plant can germinate normally.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the seedling culture soil according to the present invention is characterized by being a seedling culture soil in which a seedling culture solidifying agent is added and mixed immediately before sowing to a seedling culture base material.

According to the above configuration, since the seedling cultivating base material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent are separated until just before sowing, the slight amount of moisture in the seedling cultivating ground material becomes a medium, and It is possible to prevent the solidification reaction that occurs in between until just before sowing. Thereby, the time-dependent deterioration of the solidification performance during preservation of the seedling culture soil can be prevented. In addition, since the gel-forming ability of the seedling culture solidifying agent is not lost during storage of the seedling culture soil, the seedling culture solidifying agent dissolves and spreads evenly in the soil due to the water during irrigation after sowing. It can be a good seedling culture soil.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the set for raising seedling cultivating soil according to the present invention is characterized in that the seedling culturing base material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent are separated and packaged.

According to the above configuration, since the seedling cultivating base material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent are separated until just before sowing, the slight amount of moisture in the seedling cultivating ground material becomes a medium, and It is possible to prevent the solidification reaction that occurs in between until just before sowing. As a result, the gel-forming ability of the seedling culture solidifying agent is not lost during storage of the seedling culture medium, so the seedling culture solidifying agent dissolves and spreads evenly in the soil due to the water during irrigation after sowing in practical use. The soil can be solidified well. In addition, by separating and packaging, it can be stored for at least 12 months until it is used even in a normal storage state.

  The seedling culture soil prepared by the method of the present invention can prevent the time-dependent deterioration of the solidification reaction and the solidification performance during storage of the seedling culture soil that occur between the seedling culture substrate and the seedling culture solidifying agent found in conventional products. In addition, the gel-forming ability of the seedling-cultivating soil solidifying agent is not lost during preservation of the seedling-cultivating soil, and the effect of solidifying the seedling-cultivating soil can be achieved.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows.

  As the seedling culture substrate used in the present invention, granulated soil, mineral materials such as vermiculite, pearlite, zeolite, plant fiber materials such as peat moss, coconut pea peat moss, bacus, bark, and mixtures thereof are suitable.

  In addition, when the seedling cultivating soil base material used in the present invention itself contains a polyvalent cation or does not contain a polyvalent cation in itself, the seedling culture soil solidifying agent is added and mixed. Multivalent cation materials are added. Examples of the polyvalent cation material include compounds such as calcium, aluminum, and iron, which are ionized and eluted by cations, and are appropriately selected depending on the compatibility with the seedling culture material solidifying agent. More specifically, calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, alum, ferric chloride and the like can be mentioned.

  The seedling culture solidifying agent used in the present invention refers to one having a function of solidifying the culture soil by reacting with a polyvalent cation contained in the seedling culture substrate, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, or Examples thereof include a polymer compound containing either a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

  Examples of seedling culture solidifying agents containing a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid and its monoester, maleic acid and its monoester, citraconic acid and its monoester, mesaconic acid and its monoester A single polymer composed of a monomer containing one or two or more carboxyl groups of an ester, or a water-soluble salt thereof such as an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt thereof. Specific examples include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, barium salts and the like.

  In addition, the above monomers and unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with these monomers, such as styrene, styrene derivatives, alkenes, cyclohexene, vinyl halide, vinyl and allyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, acrylamide, acrylonitrile , Methacrylonitrile, vinyl, and allyl alkyl ethers, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, crotonic acid esters, maleic acid diesters, fumaric acid diesters, and the like.

  Furthermore, a polymer in which a carboxyl group is introduced into a polymer having a reactive functional group in the side chain by a reaction such as esterification, etherification, acetalization, such as oxalate esterified polyvinyl alcohol, glycolic acid etherified polyvinyl alcohol, Glyoxalic acid acetalized polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and salts thereof are also included in the seedling culture solidifying agent containing carboxylic acid.

  The seedling culture solidifying agent may be a natural polymer containing a carboxyl group, and examples thereof include pectinic acid, alginic acid, and salts thereof.

  Monomers containing one or more sulfonic acid groups of styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, 2-acryloylamino-2-methylsulfonic acid as sulfonic acid group-containing monomer Or a water-soluble salt such as an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof. Specific examples of such salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, and magnesium salts. , Calcium salt, barium salt and the like.

  In addition, these monomers and unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with these monomers, such as styrene, styrene derivatives, alkenes, cyclohexene, vinyl halide, vinyl and allyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, acrylamide, acrylonitrile , Methacrylonitrile, vinyl and allyl alkyl ethers, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, crotonic acid esters, maleic acid diesters, fumaric acid diesters and the like may be used.

  In addition, the seedling culture solidifying agent may be a copolymer of a monomer containing a carboxyl group or a salt thereof and a monomer containing a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and the above unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized therewith. It may be polymerized with the body.

  In addition, the seedling culture material solidifying agent may be one or a mixture of two or more of the compounds shown above.

  Even if it is a case where it is a case where it is a case where it is a mixture, the addition amount of a seedling culture solidification agent is 0.2 to 4 weight% with respect to the seedling cultivation soil base material in the total amount. That is, if it is less than 0.2% by weight, sufficient solidification cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 4% by weight, the germination of plants is adversely affected. Further, in the range of 0.2 to 4% by weight, 0.6 to 2% by weight is more preferable. That is, 0.6% by weight or more is more preferable for sufficient solidification, and 2% by weight or less is more preferable for improving the germination of plants.

  In order to enhance the uniform mixing property of the seedling culture soil solidifying agent, it may be mixed with a bulking agent in advance. As the extender, clay is preferable, and a particle size of 1 to 100 μm is excellent in terms of uniform mixing. Further, the type of the bulking agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include kaolin clay and pyrophyllite. The added amount of clay is preferably 0.3 to 2.5% by weight based on the seedling culture soil, and if less than 0.3% by weight, it does not serve as a bulking agent, and if it exceeds 2.5% by weight, dust is generated, Since workability deteriorates, it is not preferable.

  When the seedling culture soil solidifying agent is added to and mixed with the seedling culture soil base material, the shorter the interval from sowing, the better the solidification performance of the seedling culture soil. That is, it is preferable to add and mix within about 1 hour before sowing so as to minimize the reaction between the slight moisture originally contained in the seedling cultivating soil base material and the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent before sowing. Moreover, even if it is a case where the space | interval with addition, mixing, sowing, and irrigation becomes long on account of work, within six days before sowing for the said reason is preferable.

  [Examples 1 to 5] As the seedling cultivating base material, paddy rice cultivating soil H (produced by Hokkai Sankyo Co., Ltd.), Hokkaido peat, vermiculite, paddy rice cultivating H and Hokkaido peat 1: 1 mixture and paddy rice culturing H The following experiment was conducted using a 1: 1 mixture with vermiculite, and using Sumiflock (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate, as the seedling culture solidifying agent.

  Put each seedling culture solidifying agent stored in 6 and 12 months under 5 ° C condition and the seedling culture base material listed in Table 1 into a fertilizer mixer, mix well (30 rpm, 5 minutes), Prepared (use amount of seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent: 1.0% by weight based on seedling cultivating soil base material), packed in onion cell tray (manufactured by Minoru Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and seeded with onion seed (variety: Kamui) Watering was carried out and the seedlings were raised for 2 months.

  When the cell tray thus grown is placed in an onion transplanter (Minoru Onion Transplanter OP-4), the transplanter is operated, and when 70 cell-molded seedlings are pushed out of the cell tray by the push rod. The disintegration property of the root soil was investigated.

  In Example 3, the seedling culture soil prepared by adding 1.0% by weight of Alum as a polyvalent cation material to the seedling culture substrate when mixing the seedling culture solidifying agent and the seedling culture substrate. In the same manner, the disintegration property of the root soil was investigated.

  Investigating the disintegration of the soil in the root pot part, the total weight of the soil in the root pot part of 70 cell-molded seedlings was compared before and after the extrusion operation with the extrusion bar, and the total weight after extrusion was the total weight before extrusion. In contrast, 90% or more was judged as “good solidification”, and less than 90% was judged as “poor solidification”.

  As a comparative test, after the seedling culture soil prepared by previously mixing the seedling culture solidifying agent and the seedling culture base material with a fertilizer mixer (30 rpm, 5 minutes) was stored at 5 ° C. for 6 months and 12 months, respectively, The cell trays were packed and seeded, irrigated, and raised seedlings in the same manner, and the disintegration of the soil in the root pot portion of each cell-shaped seedling was examined in the same manner as described above.

  The results are shown in Table 1.

  [Examples 6 to 8] The following experiments were conducted using the paddy rice soil H as a seedling culture soil base material, the Sumifloc as a seedling culture soil solidifying agent, and kaolin clay as a bulking agent.

  Uniformity when paddy rice soil H, 1.0% by weight of Sumifloc and kaolin clay in the amount shown in Table 2 are mixed in fertilizer mixer (30 rpm, 1 minute) and the mixing ratio of the extender is changed. The mixing property and dust property during mixing were investigated.

  For uniform mixing, the solidification of the prepared seedling culture soil was investigated in the same manner as in Example 1 to investigate the disintegration of the culture soil, and all root pot parts of 70 cell-molded seedlings remained 90% or more. When “mixability was good”, a case where 90% or more remained and less than 90% were mixed was determined to be “with variation”. The degree of dust generation during mixing was judged visually.

  The results are shown in Table 2.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the seedling removal mechanism in a machine transplant. It is explanatory drawing which shows formation of the root pot part in a cell molding seedling. It is explanatory drawing which shows the seedling removal mechanism in a machine transplant.

Explanation of symbols

2 Linked body (cell tray)
3 seedlings

Claims (6)

  A set for preparing seedling culture soil, which is obtained by separating and packaging a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture solidifying agent.   The set for raising seedling cultivating soil according to claim 1, wherein the added amount of the seedling cultivating soil solidifying agent is 0.2 to 4% by weight with respect to the seedling cultivating soil base material.   The set for raising seedling culture soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a filler is added to the seedling culture soil solidifying agent.   4. The set for raising seedling culture soil according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the extender added is 0.3 to 2.5% by weight with respect to the seedling culture substrate.   The set for raising seedling culture soil according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the extender is clay.   The clay seedling preparation set according to claim 5, wherein the clay has a particle size of 1 to 100 μm.

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