JP5205627B2 - How to observe plant growth using teaching materials - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for observing plant growth using teaching materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for observing plant growth using a teaching material capable of observing the roots in which plants germinate and grow.

Traditionally, as a teaching material system for observing plant growth in schools and nurseries, we put soil in a cultivation container such as a flower pot, seeded in it, germinated and grown, transplanted seedlings and observed plant growth The way to do it is taken. As such teaching materials, folding seedling pots and flower pots that improve the entanglement of stems and vines are provided (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
JP 11-239421 A JP 2002-223642 A

  However, even though these teaching materials were used, a doctor was used, so the inside of the soil could not be seen at all, and the extension of the roots could not be observed.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for observing a plant growth using materials that can be observed an expansion condition of the roots of the plant.

  As a result of earnest research, the present inventor has been able to observe the elongation of plant roots by sprouting and growing using a specific water-absorbent resin without using the soil necessary for plant sprouting and growth. The present invention was completed by paying attention to the above.

That is, the present invention sets a transparent seedling pot, a water-based gel composed of the following water-absorbent resin powder and water and having a transparency of 70 to 95% , and the seeds or bulbs or seedlings of the plant. using the materials to the step of holding the aqueous gel into seedling pots in the step of placing the seeds or bulbs or seedlings of the plant in the water-based gel, and the gel with the plants had emerged growth in water-based gel It is a method for observing plant growth using a teaching material characterized by comprising the step of visually observing the extension of the root of the plant from the side of the container without removing the root.
Water-absorbing resin: When 1 part by weight of the water-absorbing resin is absorbed by 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C., the electric conductivity of the water-absorbing body is 0 to 2.0 mS / cm, and ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C. The water absorption magnification is 80 to 1000 times.

Furthermore, the method comprises a step of transplanting the plant that germinates and grows into a plant cultivation container containing a soil, and a step of observing the growth situation of foliage as the plant further grows.
Furthermore, the container of the seedling pot is transparent, and the extension state of plant roots in the gel is observed from the side of the container.
Further, the aqueous gel contains one or more components selected from a chemical solution comprising a fertilizer, a plant growth hormone, an antibacterial agent, a trace element, and an antifungal agent.
Further, the teaching material includes a seedling pot, the following water-absorbent resin powder, and plant seeds or bulbs or seedlings, which are used in the plant growth observation system for the teaching materials.
Water-absorbing resin: When 1 part by weight of the water-absorbing resin is absorbed by 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C., the electric conductivity of the water-absorbing body is 0 to 2.0 mS / cm, and ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C. The water absorption magnification is 80 to 1000 times.
Furthermore, a plant cultivation container and soil are added to form one set.

Method of observing the plant growth using the materials of the present invention the following effects.
1. Since the water-absorbent resin of the present invention does not inhibit plant growth and can supply sufficient water to the plant, the use of an aqueous gel of the water-absorbent resin instead of soil will increase plant growth. Suitable as a medium. Moreover, since the water-based gel of the water-absorbent resin can have a transparent feeling, it is possible to observe the extension state of the plant roots from above. If the container of the seedling pot is transparent, it is possible to observe the extension of the plant roots even from the side of the container. Up until now, we have been able to see the growth of roots by hydroponics and by putting stems in water, but it was applicable to only a few plants and was hardly used as a teaching material. The method of the present invention can be applied to almost all plants, and is an epoch-making method as a teaching material for plant growth observation. It has a remarkable effect that it can greatly attract students' interest in plants or natural science.
2. Even when transplanting a plant grown from a seedling pot to another cultivation container, even if an aqueous gel adheres to the root, the growth of the plant is not inhibited.
3. There is no need to put soil in the seedling pot, and it can be made lighter and more efficient to prepare as a teaching material.
4). In addition, the probability of seeding and germination is higher than in the case of soil, so the number of seeds prepared for teaching materials can be reduced and the cost of plant seeds can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Various modifications can be made to the following embodiments within the same and equivalent scope as the present invention.

  Regarding the step of holding the water-based gel composed of the following water-absorbent resin powder and water in the seedling pot, the water-based gel composed of the water-absorbent resin powder and water may be created and then placed in the seedling pot, An aqueous gel may be made. Alternatively, a small amount of water-based gel may be prepared first, put in a seedling pot, and water may be further added to form a water-based gel. The latter two are preferred from the viewpoint of simplicity and shape retention. An aqueous gel can be obtained by stirring and mixing water and a water-absorbent resin. The water-absorbent resin may be mixed with stirring while adding water. However, when the water-absorbing resin is added while stirring water, a more transparent water-based gel is easily obtained. The latter is preferred because the presence of bubbles in the water-based gel is minimized to increase the transparency. It is estimated that the higher the degree of contact between the swollen water absorbent resins, the higher the transparency. The transparency is preferably a light transmittance of 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. The light transmittance can be measured with a visible light transmittance measuring device.

The ratio of the water-absorbent resin to water varies depending on the water-absorption capacity of the water-absorbent resin and the type of plant, but is preferably 1:10 to 1: 1000, more preferably 1:20 to 1: 500 by weight ratio. .
The water-based gel does not have to be supplied every day as in the case of soil, but the water decreases as the plant grows, so in that case it is preferable to supply water.

  When seeds are put in an aqueous gel, they germinate in one week to several weeks, but the germination rate tends to be higher as will be described later than when seeded in soil. This is because the water-based gel replenishes the necessary water without inhibiting the growth of the plant, and the same applies to germination, and it is presumed that the water replenishment will be more sufficient than in the case of soil.

  The next step is to place seeds, bulbs or seedlings on the surface of the aqueous gel obtained as described above or in the aqueous gel. The depth of insertion varies depending on the type of plant and may be appropriately selected. In this way, seeds germinate after one week to several weeks indoors or outdoors, the roots of bulbs come out, and the seedlings begin to grow. Since the water-absorbent resin used in the present invention does not inhibit the growth of plants, it can grow.

  The next step is a step of observing the state of root growth of the plant in the gel as the plant germinates and grows in the aqueous gel. Needless to say that the growth of the foliage can be observed, the water-based gel can be made transparent, so that the extension of the roots can be observed from the seedling pot. If the container of the seedling pot is transparent, the state of root growth can be observed from the side of the seedling pot.

  The water-absorbent resin used in the present invention is a water-absorbent resin that does not inhibit the growth of roots, and the electrical conductivity of the water-absorbing body when 1 part by weight of the water-absorbent resin is absorbed by 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C. Is 0 to 2.0 mS / cm, and there is no particular limitation as long as the absorption rate of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C. is 80 to 1000 times. Even if the water-absorbent resin has an electrical conductivity that is not within this range before making the water-based gel, the water-absorbent resin has an electric conductivity adjusting agent added to the water-based gel so that the electric conductivity of the water-based gel is reduced. Including those that fall within the above range. This is because also in this case, it is substantially the same as the case where the aqueous gel is prepared. However, in order to obtain a water-based gel having uniform properties, a gel in the above range is preferable without adding an electrical conductivity regulator.

The electric conductivity of the water absorbent resin is usually 0 to 2.0 mS / cm, preferably 0 to 1.8 mS / cm, more preferably 0 to 1.6 mS / cm. If the electric conductivity exceeds 2.0 mS / cm, the root growth becomes poor.
Electrical conductivity was measured by the following method.

[Measurement method of electrical conductivity]
1 part by weight of a water-absorbing resin is added to 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C., and left in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 8 hours to swell the water-absorbing resin to prepare a water-absorbing body. It is confirmed with a thermometer that the temperature of the water absorbent body is 25 ° C., and the electrode of the specific conductivity measuring device is inserted into the water absorbent body to read the value. When the water absorption capacity of the water absorbent resin is small, the water absorbent body of the high water absorbent resin and the ion exchange water are separated into two phases. Measure the insertion value. If the two phases are separated again immediately after stirring and homogenization, the electrode of the specific conductivity measuring device is inserted under stirring and the value is measured.

The water absorption ratio of the water absorbent resin to 25 ° C. ion-exchanged water is usually 80 to 1000 times, preferably 100 to 1000 times, and more preferably 120 to 1000 times. If the water absorption ratio is less than 80 times, the water retention capacity as a medium for germination and growth of seeds and the like is lowered, and it is necessary to use a large amount, resulting in an increase in cost and frequent replenishment of water. A larger water absorption ratio is preferable because a small amount of use is sufficient, but a water-absorbent resin having a water absorption ratio exceeding 1000 times has an excessively high adhesiveness to the water-containing gel after polymerization in the production process, and is handled in the production apparatus. And subsequent drying is very difficult, has manufacturing problems, and is not realistic.
The water absorption magnification was measured by the following method.

[Measurement of water absorption ratio in ion-exchanged water]
A sample L (g) of the water-absorbent resin was placed in a nylon net bag (250 mesh), and the bag was immersed in excess ion-exchanged water together with the bag. After 60 minutes of immersion, the whole bag was pulled up in the air, allowed to stand and drained for 15 minutes, and then the mass M (g) was measured to determine the water absorption capacity from the following formula.
In addition, operation similar to the above was performed using only a net bag, and this mass N (g) was subtracted as a blank. Absorption capacity of ion exchange water = (MN) / L

  The water-absorbing resin of the present invention includes a polymer (X) composed solely of a nonionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (A), and a polymer composed solely of an anionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (C). (Y) and a copolymer (Z) having a nonionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (A) and an anionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B) as constituent units. It is possible to use only (X), (Y), (Z), and it is also possible to use a mixture of two or more of (X), (Y), (Z). Among these, a water-absorbing resin comprising an anionic polymer (Y) or (Z) is preferable because it does not particularly inhibit the germination of plants.

  In the present invention, the nonionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (A) that is a constituent unit of the polymer (X) is a hydroxyl group-containing radically polymerizable water-soluble monomer (the alkyl group has 2 to 2 carbon atoms). 3 hydroxyalkyl mono (meth) acrylates), amide group-containing radical polymerizable water-soluble monomers ((meth) acrylamide, N-vinylacetamide, etc.), tertiary amino group-containing radical polymerizable water-soluble monomers (Dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, etc.), epoxy group-containing radically polymerizable water-soluble monomers (glycidyl (meth) acrylate, etc.), and other radically polymerizable water-soluble monomers (4-vinylpyridine, vinylimidazole) Etc.). Of these, preferred are (meth) acrylamide and / or hydroxyalkyl mono (meth) acrylates having 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

  Examples of the anionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B) used in the present invention include radical polymerizable water-soluble monomers having a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group ((meth) acrylic acid, vinyl Sulfonic acid and the like) and / or a monomer that becomes water-soluble by hydrolyzing them (such as vinyl acetate); or a salt thereof. Particularly preferred are acrylic acid and its salts.

  Examples of the salt include salts of water-soluble monomers containing the carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, and phosphoric acid group [for example, alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium salt, magnesium salt). Etc.), amine salts or ammonium salts, etc.]. Among these, preferable examples include (meth) acrylic acid (salt) having good polymerizability.

In the present invention, when the anionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B) is (meth) acrylic acid (salt), the ions necessary for neutralizing the carboxyl group include alkali metal ions and periodic table. Examples include polyvalent metal ions and ammonium ions belonging to Group 2 or Group 13. As the alkali metal ions, Na ⁺ and K ⁺ are preferable, and as the polyvalent metal ions belonging to Group 2 or Group 13 of the periodic table, Be ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Ba ²⁺ , B ³⁺ , Al ^{3+ and the} like are preferable.

Examples of ions necessary for neutralization of the carboxyl group in the polymers (Y) and (Z) include alkali metal ions, polyvalent metal ions belonging to Group 2 or 13 of the periodic table, and ammonium ions. As the alkali metal ions, Na ⁺ and K ⁺ are preferable, and as the polyvalent metal ions belonging to Group 2 or Group 13 of the periodic table, Be ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Ba ²⁺ , B ³⁺ , Al ^{3+ and the} like are preferable.

  Here, if the neutralization degree based on the sum of alkali metal ions and ammonium ions is less than 10 equivalent%, the water retention capacity as an observation medium for teaching materials will be low, and it will be necessary to use a large amount. Since it exceeds 2.0 mS / cm, germination and vegetation tend to be poor. The degree of neutralization with polyvalent metal ions belonging to Group 2 or Group 13 of the Periodic Table is preferably 0 to 50 equivalent%, more preferably 10 to 40 equivalent%. Here, when the degree of neutralization by the polyvalent metal ions belonging to Group 2 or Group 13 exceeds 50 equivalent%, the degree of crosslinking of the water-absorbent resin becomes too high, making it difficult to produce.

  In the present invention, the water-absorbing resin is substantially nonionic or anionic, and the cationic polymerizable monomer (C) (trimethylammonium acrylate / ethyl chloride, etc.) The monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (D) (for example, styrene, n-butyl acrylate, etc.) is copolymerized within a range not exceeding 10 mol% with respect to the total mass of (A) and (B), for example. May be.

  The production method of the highly water-absorbent resin in the present invention can be produced by a known method for producing a water-absorbent resin. For the polymers (X), (Y), and (Z), for example, methods described in JP-A-8-266895, JP-A-10-191777, and JP-A-2007-319029 can be applied.

  In the present invention, the average particle diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles in the state before water absorption is not particularly limited as long as it is a granular material, but is usually about 100 μm to 5 mm, preferably about 150 μm to 3.5 mm. . When the average particle size is too small, it becomes easy to form mamako (spatter) at the time of water absorption, so that it tends to be difficult to absorb water sufficiently. On the other hand, if the average particle size is too large, the water absorption rate becomes slow, and it becomes difficult for water to penetrate completely to the center of the particle, making it difficult to produce a homogeneous aqueous gel. The average particle diameter of the water-absorbent resin in a dry state before water absorption is measured by a “laser diffraction scattering method” (for example, specifically, Nikkiso Co., Ltd., trade name: Microtrac FRA particle size analyzer). .

The seeds or bulbs or seedlings of the plant used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are plants used as teaching materials. Examples of seeds include seeds such as flowers such as sunflowers, vegetables such as tomatoes, and herbs.
Usually, there are many plants that require several months or more from sowing to flowering, but it is preferable that the seeds of plants used as teaching materials for observation of growth grow fast and reach flowering in a short time after sowing. For example, if the number of days required from sowing to flowering is optimally cultivated (eg 22-26 ° C., 100-150 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ ), using seeds of plants for 1 to 3 weeks will give results. Because the period until is short, it is easy to make a learning plan.

Short-term life cycle plants that meet these conditions include, for example, the seeds of cruciferous plants whose life cycle from seed germination to plant growth, flowering and fruiting is short within 55 days. It is done. Such seeds of cruciferous plants are suitable for use as learning material plants.
Further, bulbs or seedlings may be used instead of seeds. The bulbs are not limited as long as they can be used as teaching materials, and even when tulips or hyacinths are large, the extension of the roots can be observed in the aqueous gel. If it grows and grows, it can be transplanted to the soil and observed.
The seedlings are not limited and are exactly the same as in the case of bulbs. There is no limitation, and if the seedling soil is dropped to some extent and transplanted, the roots can be observed.

  The seedling pot used in the present invention is not limited as long as it can retain the germination growth of seeds and bulbs and the growth of plants at a relatively early stage of seedling by adding an aqueous gel, and has a waterproof property therefor. Is preferred. The waterproof property may be waterproof to such an extent that it can withstand the holding or watering of the aqueous gel and does not hinder the germination of plants. Waterproof paper, various synthetic resin materials, waterproof wood, glass, ceramics, etc. can be used. As the paper subjected to waterproof processing, for example, a material used for so-called paper cups and milk cartons, cardboard subjected to water resistance processing, and the like can be used. Paper is also preferred in this respect because it is easy to print. As the synthetic resin material, polyolefin or other synthetic resins can be used. The material is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape-retaining property that can withstand the cultivation of plants by putting an aqueous gel. If a plant germinates and grows in this seedling pot, the water-based gel has a transparent feeling, so that the state of root elongation can be observed from above.

If the container of the seedling pot is transparent, the extension state of the plant roots in the gel can be further observed from the side of the container, which is more suitable for the method and teaching material of the present invention. Here, the transparency need only be such that the inside can be observed with the naked eye, and need not be completely transparent, and may be translucent. The higher the visible light transmittance, the better the inside can be observed. For example, in an ordinary transmittance measuring device, it may be 50% or more at a wavelength of 600 nm.

In addition to the above method , the method for observing plant growth using the teaching material of the present invention further includes the step of transplanting the sprouting and growing plant into a plant cultivation container containing soil, and the stems and leaves associated with the further growth of the plant. it is a method to observe the plant growth using materials which comprises the step of observing the growth conditions.
Further, if the germinated and grown plant is transplanted into a plant cultivation container containing a soil, the growth of the plant in the soil can be observed. The aqueous gel of the above water-absorbent resin does not become an integral gel like agar but becomes an aggregate of particulate gels, so that it is easy to remove the aqueous gel from the roots. Accordingly, the root is hardly damaged during the removal of the water-based gel, and no effort is required for complete removal. In addition, unlike natural water-based gels, it is hard to rot, so even when plants grown in water-based gels are transplanted and acclimatized to the soil, the yield reduction due to root rot induced by water-based gel rot is unlikely to occur. Therefore, it is suitable for use in the method of the present invention. In addition, even if water-based gel adheres to the roots, it does not inhibit the subsequent growth of the plant, so that it can be transplanted with confidence.

  The soil is not limited as long as plants can be cultivated, but artificial soil such as culture soil is preferable. Artificial soil is not soil (natural soil) such as field or field soil, but natural or artificial materials having properties similar to those components constituting natural soil or a mixture of them alone or in several types. And artificially prepared soil. By using artificial soil without using soil, it can be grown and cultivated while maintaining a clean environment in indoor cultivation for teaching materials.

  For the cultivation of plants used for learning materials, plants used for horticultural therapy, etc., it is preferable that the plant cultivation site be a familiar room. Therefore, in the cultivation of plants in such a room, it is desirable to use clean soil instead of soil. By using clean artificial soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of phytopathogenic bacteria from the soil, and it is possible to germinate and grow healthy plants.

  As an artificial soil, for example, when a cruciferous plant having a short life cycle is used, an equal mixture of peat moss and vermiculite (eg, trade name “Jiffy Mix” manufactured by Jiffy), or a calcined cultured soil (eg: The product name “Kureha Cultured Earth” manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) or vermiculite alone is preferred.

In addition to the above, a multi-porous fired product, in particular, a product prepared by firing a fine powder of cristobalite with various particle diameters (manufactured by Nippon Steel Mining Co., Ltd., trade name Krislite) is suitable. In addition, use of industrial waste such as burned cristobalite, zeolites with similar properties, diatomaceous earth, foamed bricks, etc., as well as cultivated soil formed from unglazed pot wastes used for horticulture You can also. Moreover, you may use the mixture of these artificial soil, and the artificial soil mixture which added the fertilizer required for plant growth further. Fertilizers may be mixed. The particle size of the artificial soil particles is usually about 1 to 5 mm, but the most appropriate particle size can be used according to the shape and size of the plant seeds used.
As the soil used here, it is possible to start cultivation immediately without worrying about selection of the soil, and it is very convenient. The soil is usually stored in a plastic bag or the like.

  As a cultivation container, it is another container different from a seedling pot, and since it is for growing the plant grown in the seedling pot further, the thing larger than a seedling pot is preferable. The material may be the same as or different from the seedling pot. Usually used flowerpots are preferred. If you need soil for the cultivation container and transplant the plant grown in the seedling pot, you can continue to observe the growth of the plant. If the soil is used, the roots in the soil cannot be observed, but in that case, the water-based gel may be put in a flower pot and cultivated in the same manner.

  The plant cultivation container is preferably made of a biodegradable material. For example, a sheet material of biodegradable plastic other than paper and wood can be used. By using these materials, disposal is easy and environmentally preferable. The sheet material of the biodegradable plastic can be appropriately selected from microbial production resin systems, natural product-derived systems, chemical synthesis systems, and the like.

  Furthermore, in the system and teaching material of the present invention, it is preferable that the aqueous gel contains one or more components selected from a chemical solution comprising a fertilizer, a plant growth hormone, an antibacterial agent, a trace element and an antifungal agent. It may also be added to the soil.

  As fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, calcareous fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer, clay soil fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, boron fertilizer, trace element compound fertilizer, etc. A fertilizer and other special fertilizers (slow release fertilizer etc.) can be mentioned. These fertilizer components are in a liquid form or a solid form such as a powder, and can be present in the water-based gel by being added to the water-absorbent resin or by being contained in water injected into the water-absorbent resin. The amount of fertilizer added can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the type of plant.

  Examples of the growth hormone agent include auxins such as 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins such as kinetin, gibberellins and the like, and two or more kinds may be used in combination. The addition amount of the growth hormone agent can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the type of plant.

  Antibacterial agents include TPN (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), cabtan, pinclozoline, brassimidone, benchazole, quaternary ammonium salt, phenolic compound, quaternary pyridinium salt, peracid, formaldehyde, antibiotics (penicillin, Streptomycin, chloramphenyl alcohol, etc.), N-chlorosuccinimide, lime, sulfur, organic sulfur agents (dineb, mannebu, thiodiazine, thiuram, etc.), mono and dithiocarbabates, thiodiazine, sulfonamide, phthalimide, petroleum ether, Naphthoquinone, benzoquinone, disulfide, mercuric compound, tetrahydrophthalimide, hydroxyisoxazole, arsenate, cupric salt, organic copper agent (8-oxyquinoline copper, etc.), guanidine salt, triazine, glycine Kisarijin salts, quinolinium salts, include phenyl crotonate, etc., may be used in combination of two or more. The addition amount of the antibacterial agent can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the type of plant, the type of fertilizer to be used, and the like.

  Furthermore, inorganic porous materials such as zeolite and barley stone may be added as a trace element for the purpose of preventing spoilage of the medium. The type and amount of the trace element can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the type of plant, the type of fertilizer to be used, and the like.

  Antifungal agents include halogen-supplied agents, in particular chlorine-based agents, such as chloro-cyanuric acids or salts thereof, in particular mono-sodium or potassium dichloroisocyanurate; hydroxyquinones, sulfites; and silver or copper salts. 2 or more may be used in combination.

The amount of fungicide added can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the type of plant, the type of fertilizer to be used, and the like.
The invention is further described in detail below, but is not limited.

Production Example 1 (Production of water absorbent resin)
To a 1 L beaker, 230.4 g (3.2 mol) of acrylic acid corresponding to the monomer (C), 1.0 g of pentaerythritol triallyl ether as a crosslinking agent, and 636 g of water were added and cooled to 10 ° C. This solution was put into an adiabatic polymerization tank, and dissolved oxygen of the solution was adjusted to 0.1 ppm through nitrogen (measured with a trade name dissolved oxygen meter DO220PB, manufactured by Orient Electric Co.), and then 35% hydrogen peroxide as a polymerization initiator. 0.023 g of water, 0.00575 g of L-ascorbic acid, and 0.23 g of potassium persulfate were added. After about 30 minutes, the polymerization reaction started, and after about 2 hours, the maximum temperature reached 72 ° C. Further, the polymerization was completed by aging at this temperature for 5 hours. The obtained polymer (corresponding to the polymer (Y)) had a hydrogel form. The polymer was stirred for about 2 hours with a kneader (trade name BENCH KNEEADER PNV-1; manufactured by Irie Trading Co., Ltd .; rotation speed: 70 rpm), and further chopped with 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion 61.6 g, 48% Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution 64.0g was mix | blended and it stirred and mixed by the kneader for about 2 hours. Then, it was heated and dried at 110 ° C. using a band dryer (air-permeable dryer, manufactured by Inoue Metal Co., Ltd.), pulverized and measured with an average particle size of 370 μm (trade name: Microtrac FRA particle size analyzer manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). ) Was obtained.

Production Example 2 (Production of water absorbent resin)
In a 1 L beaker, 43.2 g (0.6 mol) of acrylic acid corresponding to monomer (B), 50.0 g of 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, 50% acrylamide (corresponding to monomer (A)) aqueous solution 369 0.2 g (2.6 mol) and 443.2 g of water were added and cooled to 5 ° C. This solution was put into an adiabatic polymerization tank, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the solution was adjusted to 0.1 ppm through nitrogen. Then, 0.00016 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide, 0.00008 g of L-ascorbic acid and 4% were used as polymerization initiators. , 4′-Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) 0.04 g was added. After about 30 minutes, the polymerization started, and after about 5 hours, the maximum reached temperature of about 75 ° C. was reached and the polymerization was completed, and a hydrogel polymer (corresponding to copolymer (Z)) was obtained.

  The gel was chopped by stirring for about 2 hours with a kneader, dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour using a band dryer, and pulverized to obtain an uncrosslinked dry powder having an average particle size of 500 μm. 100 g of this uncrosslinked dry powder was placed in a stainless steel vat with a thickness of 3 mm, and heated and cross-linked for 120 minutes with a circulating dryer at 160 ° C. to obtain a superabsorbent resin (2) having an average particle diameter of 1500 μm. .

Production Example 3 (Production of water absorbent resin)
In a 1 L beaker, 115.2 g (1.6 mol) of acrylic acid corresponding to monomer (B), 227.2 g (1.6 mol) of aqueous solution of 50% acrylamide (corresponding to monomer (A)), water 562. 5 g was added and cooled to 5 ° C. This solution was put into an adiabatic polymerization tank, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the solution was adjusted to 0.1 ppm through nitrogen. Then, 0.00016 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide, 0.00008 g of L-ascorbic acid and 4% were used as polymerization initiators. , 4′-Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) 0.04 g was added. After about 30 minutes, the polymerization started, and after about 5 hours, the maximum reached temperature of about 75 ° C. was reached and the polymerization was completed, and a hydrogel polymer (corresponding to copolymer (Z)) was obtained. This polymer was stirred for about 2 hours with a kneader and then chopped, and then 17.8 g of a 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion and 113.3 g of a 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were blended, and stirred for about 2 hours with a kneader. Then, it was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour using a band dryer and pulverized to obtain an uncrosslinked dry powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm. 100 g of this uncrosslinked dry powder was put into a stainless steel vat with a thickness of 3 mm and heated for 120 minutes with a circulating dryer at 160 ° C. for thermal crosslinking to obtain a water absorbent resin (3) having an average particle size of 3300 μm.

Production Example 4 (Production of water absorbent resin)
In place of 43.2 g of acrylic acid, 50.0 g of 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide and 369.2 g of 50% acrylamide aqueous solution used in Production Example 2, 21.6 g (0.3 mol) of acrylic acid and 48 The same procedure as in Production Example 2 was carried out except that 25.0 g of a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 411.8 g (2.9 mol) of the aforementioned 50% aqueous acrylamide solution were used, and a water absorbent resin (4) having an average particle size of 1100 μm (Corresponding to copolymer (Z)) was obtained.

Production Example 5 (Production of water absorbent resin)
Instead of 61.6 g of the 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion used in Production Example 1 and 64.0 g of the 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 94.7 g of the above-mentioned 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion and 48% of the above-mentioned Except for using 120.0 g of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out to obtain a water absorbent resin (5) (corresponding to polymer (Z)) having an average particle size of 700 μm.

Production Example 6 (Production of water absorbent resin)
The amount of 1.0 g of pentaerythritol triallyl ether used in Production Example 1 was changed to 0.5 g, and further changed to 61.6 g of 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion and 64.0 g of 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 192.0 g of the 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used, and the water absorption capacity was 800 g / g, the electric conductivity was 3.0 mS / cm, and the average particle size was 160 μm. Resin (6) (corresponding to polymer (Z)) was obtained. Further, a commercially available nonionic water-absorbing resin (trade name: Thermogel manufactured by Kojin Co., Ltd.) (corresponding to copolymer (X)) and water-absorbing resin (6) were mixed at a weight ratio of 24: 1, and the average A water-absorbing resin (18) having a particle size of 490 μm (corresponding to a mixture of copolymer (Z) and homopolymer (X)) was obtained.

Production Example 7 (Production of water absorbent resin)
Implementation was carried out except that 192.0 g of the 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used instead of 61.6 g of the 50% calcium hydroxide dispersion and 64.0 g of the 48% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution used in Production Example 1. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a water absorbent resin (7) (corresponding to the polymer (Y)) having a water absorption rate of 400 g / g, an electric conductivity of 3.0 mS / cm, and an average particle size of 200 μm.

[Comparative Example 1]
A water absorbent resin (7) was used.

[Comparative Example 2]
A commercially available nonionic water-absorbing resin (trade name: Thermogel, manufactured by Kojin Co., Ltd.) was used.

[Comparative Example 3]
A commercially available nonionic water-absorbing resin (trade name: PNVA, manufactured by Showa Denko KK) was used.

Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-5
Prepare 20 seedling pots made of 300 mL of transparent plastic, add 200 g of water to each of them and add 2 g of the above water-absorbing resin little by little as shown in Table 1 with occasional stirring. (Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-3). The aqueous gel had a transmittance of 70 to 95%, and the inside was clearly visible. Similarly, culture soil and field soil were placed in a seedling pot (Comparative Examples 4 and 5). Two double-flowered sunflower seeds were placed in this water-based gel at a depth of about 2 cm, placed in a greenhouse house at about 20 ° C., and the germination status (10) after 10 days was examined. The roots were observed from the top and side of the nursery pot. Further, the growth condition (2) after 15 days was also observed. The extension of the roots could be observed in the same way. After observation, the plants were planted in a 3 L capacity unglazed flower pot. At that time, the root aqueous gel was well removed, but some remained. Also, Yaesaki sunflowers grown in flowerpots gradually put on flower buds and observed the flowering situation (3) one month later.

From the above, in the conventional plant growth observation system as in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, since only planted in the soil, it is not possible to observe the state of root growth, but the plant growth for the teaching material of the present invention In the observation system (Examples 1 to 6), the main point of the plant is efficiently germinated by the water-based gel in the seedling pot and grows sufficiently thereafter. And it is possible to fully observe the extension of the roots.

Claims (3)

A seedling pot which is a transparent container, a water-based gel composed of the following water-absorbent resin powder and water, and a transparent gel with a transmittance of 70 to 95% that allows the inside of the gel to be visually observed, and a teaching material comprising plant seeds, bulbs or seedlings as a set using a step of holding the aqueous gel into nursery pot, the plant to the aqueous based gel seeds or step of placing the bulbs or plants, and water-based in-gel plants within the gel due to the plants had emerged growth A method of observing plant growth using a teaching material comprising the step of visually observing the state of root elongation from the side of a container without removing the root.
Water-absorbing resin: When 1 part by weight of the water-absorbing resin is absorbed by 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C., the electric conductivity of the water-absorbing body is 0 to 2.0 mS / cm, and ion-exchanged water at 25 ° C. The water absorption magnification is 80 to 1000 times. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of transplanting the germinated and growing plant to a plant cultivation container further containing soil, and observing the growth status of the foliage as the plant further grows. A method of observing plant growth using teaching materials . Further aqueous gel fertilizers, plant growth hormones, antibacterial agents, by using the materials according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the containing one or more components selected from the chemical consisting of trace elements and antifungal agents plants How to observe growth.