JP3486651B2 - Cultivation soil for connected plastic tray - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil for connection type plastic trays.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Up to now, various types of soil have been known as a soil used for cultivating horticultural crops. However,
Many of them were made by combining various inorganic materials and organic materials so that horticultural crops such as fruit trees and vegetables are suitable for cultivation in relatively large capacity containers such as pots, planters, and containers. On the other hand, in recent years, for the purpose of rationalizing agricultural and horticultural work and increasing the yield of agricultural products, intensive growth of seedlings by connecting type plastic trays has become popular. Such a cultivation method makes it easy to obtain a relatively uniform and strong seedling,
At the time of transplantation, there is an advantage that soiled seedlings can be easily obtained without damaging the roots by simply pulling out the seedlings from the connected plastic tray while holding them. However, in many cases, the above-mentioned horticultural soil was diverted to cultivate seedlings.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the above-mentioned horticultural soil, the water permeability and the air permeability of the horticultural soil should be relatively high so that the horticultural crops such as fruit trees and vegetables can be cultivated in a container having a relatively large capacity. It suppresses and improves water retention. For this reason, when the above-mentioned horticultural soil was used in the concentrated growth of seedlings by a connecting type plastic tray, the water permeability and air permeability of the soil were further deteriorated, and germination and root growth were often adversely affected. For this reason, a soil suitable for intensive growth of seedlings using a connected plastic tray is desired.

[0004]

Under these circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies and as a result, as a result, have found that a certain amount of an organic material having a certain particle size and a calcined mineral having a certain particle size are used. We found that the soil consisting of the base material containing a specific amount of was suitable for the intensive growth of seedlings on the connected plastic tray,
The present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention has a particle size distribution of 4
From mesh (4.75 mm) to 70 mesh (0.21
mm non-wood fiber organic material having a range of 70 to 95% by weight and 70 mesh or less of 5 to 30% by weight.
To 75% by volume and particle size distribution from 4 mesh to 22
(0.71 mm) a base material substantially formed by mixing 75 to 25% by volume of a calcined mineral having a layered structure having a mesh range of 70 to 95% by weight and 22 mesh or less of 5 to 30% by weight, and an interface The activator is added in an amount of 0.001 part to 0.5 part of the latter, relative to 100 parts of the former (as dried weight).
The present invention provides a seedling-growing method for connecting type plastic trays characterized by being mixed in a ratio of parts, and cultivating a horticultural crop in the connecting type plastic tray using the soil.

The present invention will be described in more detail below. The "mesh" used in the present invention refers to the size of the eyes defined by the JIS standard. The “non-wood fiber organic material” used in the present invention is, for example, non-wood plant fiber organic material such as straw, chaff, peat moss, bagasse, etc., and these organic materials are hydrophobic lignin, resin, Since it contains wax and the like, its water-repellent property is relatively strong among general organic materials. Among them, peat moss is particularly preferable in terms of compatibility with the above-mentioned inorganic material and the later-described calcined mineral. The particle size distribution of the non-wood fiber organic material is 70 to 95% by weight in the range of 4 mesh to 70 mesh, 7
Below 0 mesh should be 5 to 30% by weight.

The term "calcined mineral having a layered structure" used in the present invention means, for example, about 100 volcanic stones such as jerlite.
It is an inorganic material having a layered structure that is heat-treated at about 0 ° C., and is mainly used as a water retention material. Specific examples of the inorganic material include vermiculite. The particle size distribution of the inorganic material needs to be 70 to 95% by weight in the range of 4 mesh to 22 mesh, and 5 to 30% by weight for 22 mesh or less.

In the soil of the present invention, the composition of the above-mentioned two components is such that the non-wood fiber organic material is substantially 25 to 75% by volume and the calcined mineral having a layered structure is substantially 75 to 25% by volume. Must be prepared. If the proportion of non-wood fiber organic material is low, sufficient rooting cannot be obtained. Further, if this ratio is high, the permeation of water is slow and it is difficult to supply water uniformly. Insufficient or uneven water absorption and aeration of the soil thus results in uneven germination or suppression of root development. Especially, when the seedlings are intensively grown on the connected plastic tray, the adverse effect is great. The calcined mineral having a layered structure plays a large role as a water retention material. If the proportion of the calcined mineral is low, water absorption and water retention are deteriorated and it is difficult to uniformly supply water. Insufficient or uneven water absorption and water retention of the soil as described above results in uneven germination or poor seedling development. Further, when this ratio is high, the water retaining effect of the soil is excessively improved, and root development is suppressed due to root rot and the like. Therefore, when the non-wood fiber organic material is mixed at 25% by volume, the calcined mineral becomes 75% by volume, and when the former is 40% by volume, the latter becomes 60% by volume. Similarly, when the former is 75% by volume, the latter is 25% by volume, and when the former is 60% by volume, the latter is 40% by volume. On the other hand, regarding the particle size distribution of the above two components, the particle size distribution of the non-wood fiber organic material is 70 to 95% by weight in the range of 4 mesh to 70 mesh,
5 to 30% by weight is below the mesh, and the particle size distribution of the calcined mineral is 70 to 70 in the range of 4 to 22 mesh.
To 95 wt%, 22 mesh or less 5 to 30 wt%
Is. If the particle size of the above two components is larger than 4 mesh, the culture soil will drop off from the connected plastic tray very easily, so be careful when carrying the connected plastic tray or setting it on the seedling transplanter. Will be required. If the particle size is less than 70 mesh for the non-wood fiber organic material and less than 22 mesh for the calcined mineral, the ventilation is insufficient and the water retaining effect of the soil is improved too much. As a result, root rot or the like occurs, and root development is suppressed.

Using such a soil of the present invention, it is possible to grow various horticultural crops such as lettuce, Chinese cabbage, kansai, vegetable crops such as onion and onion, and fruit crops such as tomato, cucumber and eggplant. it can. The apparent specific gravity of the soil of the present invention is preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 g / cm ³ (wet weight) and 0.05 to 0.50 g / cm ³ (dry weight).

The surfactant is added mainly for suppressing the water repellency of the above-mentioned two components, but in order to obtain sufficient rooting especially in the connecting type plastic tray, the particles of the non-wood fiber organic material are added. The diameter distribution is 70 to 95% by weight in the range of 4 mesh to 70 mesh, 5 to 30% by weight in the range of 70 mesh or less, and the proportion of the non-wood fiber organic material is relatively high. Will be required. In addition, the addition of a surfactant also makes it possible to easily perform a watering method by absorbing water from the bottom surface, which has an advantage of facilitating cultivation management. Examples of the surfactant include H.I. L. B
Nonionic surfactants having a value of 8 to 18 are mentioned,
Ester type such as glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, ether type such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyethylene glycol fatty acid Examples thereof include ester and ester ether type such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester.

The surfactant is added in an amount of 70 to 95% by weight in the range of 4 mesh to 70 mesh and 7
25 to 75% by volume of non-wood fiber organic material having 5 to 30% by weight of 0 mesh or less and 70 to 95% by weight of particle size distribution of 4 to 22 mesh, 2
A base material consisting essentially of a mixture of 75 to 25% by volume of a calcined mineral having a layered structure with 2 mesh or less being 5 to 30% by weight, and a surfactant in 100 parts of the former (as a dried weight ratio). On the other hand, the ratio is 0.001 part to 0.5 part for the latter. “Dried” here means 16 at 105 ° C.
It means that it has been dried under the condition of time. The surfactant is usually added preferably in the state of the surfactant in which a predetermined addition amount is dissolved in water in advance. For example,
Non-wood fiber organic material having a particle size distribution of 4 to 70 mesh in the range of 70 to 95% by weight and 70 mesh or less in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and a particle size distribution of 4 to 22% by volume. About 5% to about 20% by volume of the base material substantially formed by mixing 75 to 25% by volume of the calcined mineral having a layered structure in which the range of the mesh is 70 to 95% by weight and the 22 mesh or less is 5 to 30% by weight. capacity%
There can be mentioned a method in which a surfactant is dissolved in water to a predetermined addition amount in about 10% by volume, preferably about 10% by volume, and the solution is mixed with the above-mentioned base material.

Further, the fermented soil of the present invention may be mixed with fertilizer if necessary. Examples of fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium salt, ammonium nitrate, and urea, and potassium fertilizers such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. Phosphate fertilizers such as lime superphosphate and ammonium phosphate. Can be given. Further, natural fertilizers such as bone meal, fish meal and fermented oil residue may be added. These fertilizers may be simple fertilizers or compound fertilizers. The compounding amount of the fertilizer is appropriately determined depending on the use of the soil for cultivation according to the present invention.

[0012]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 (Cultivation test using the soil of the present invention) As non-wood fiber organic material (component A), peat moss having a range of 4 to 70 mesh of 95% by weight and 70 mesh or less of 5% by weight was used. A base material containing 50% by volume of vermiculite having a particle size distribution of 4% to 22 mesh as a calcined mineral (component B) of 80% by weight and 20% by weight or less of 22 mesh or less as a surfactant and a non-surfactant. A water absorption test was conducted on a soil prepared by mixing an ionic surfactant (Solpol 8043: manufactured by Toho Kagaku Co., Ltd.) in a ratio of 0.005 parts of the latter to 100 parts of the former (as a dried weight ratio). went. The test is a circular pot with a diameter of 8 cm filled with 22 g of soil (diameter 5 at the bottom.
A filter paper was placed on the upper surface of (having 8 mm holes), water was sufficiently absorbed from the bottom surface of the circular pot, and then it was tested whether or not the filter paper on the upper surface was wet. On the other hand, the above-mentioned soil is packed in a concatenated plastic tray (manufactured by Hizumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 30 × 60 cm, 200 holes), seeded with Chinese cabbage seeds, and watered about 10 mm from above (twice / day). , Raised in a greenhouse for 20 days. Observing the growth condition and the root tension of the seedlings, and the detachability (removability as soil-bearing seedlings) and roots when 10 seedlings were pulled out from the connected plastic tray by holding the upper part of each seedling. The dry weight (mg / piece) was investigated. Here, "root dry weight" means 5 roots cut from 10 seedlings.
It means the root weight (per one) obtained after drying treatment at 0 ° C. for one day. As a result, the test soil had sufficient water absorption, and the growth of seedlings and the rooting were also good.
As for soil seedlings, all 10 plants were good, with no cutting of plants or roots, and a root dry weight of 55.0.
(Mg / piece).

Example 2 (Cultivation test using the soil of the present invention) Same as Example 1 except that the particle size of each component, the mixing ratio and the addition amount of the surfactant are changed as shown in the following table (Table 1). It was tested by various methods. The results are shown in Table 2. Example 1
Similar to the above, each test soil had sufficient water absorption, and the growth of seedlings and the root tension were good. In addition, all the 10 seedlings were good in terms of detachability without cutting the plants or roots, and the dry weight of the roots was 49.0 to 56.7 (m).
g / book).

[0015]

[Table 1]

[0016]

[Table 2]

Comparative Example 1 (Cultivation test using comparative soil) For comparison, the particle size of each component, the mixing ratio and the addition amount of the surfactant were changed as shown in the following table (Table 3). The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0018]

[Table 3]

[0019]

[Table 4]

Comparative Example 2 (Cultivation test using comparative soil) As non-wood fiber organic material (component A), peat moss having a range of 4 to 70 mesh of 95% by weight and 70 mesh or less of 5% by weight was used. A base material containing 50% by volume of vermiculite having a particle size distribution of 4% to 22 mesh as a calcined mineral (component B) of 80% by weight and 20% by weight or less of 22 mesh or less as a surfactant and a non-surfactant. An ionic surfactant (Solpol 8043: manufactured by Toho Kagaku Co., Ltd.) was dried in a weight ratio of the former 100.
A water absorption test was performed on the soil medium prepared by mixing the latter with 0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, or 5 parts per part. The test was carried out by placing a filter paper on the upper surface of a circular pot having a diameter of 8 cm (having 8 holes having a diameter of 5 mm at the bottom) filled with 22 g of soil, allowing the bottom surface of the circular pot to absorb water sufficiently, and then removing the filter paper on the upper surface. It was a method of testing whether or not it gets wet. On the other hand, the above-mentioned soil is connected to a plastic tray (manufactured by Hizumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 30 × 60 cm, 20
0 holes) and sow lettuce seeds, and the initial irrigation and normal irrigation after the initial irrigation are approximately 8 mm in mist form from above.
The seedlings were grown for 20 days in a greenhouse with watering intensity of about / hr. The growth condition of the seedlings and the tension condition of the roots were observed. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0021]

[Table 5]

[0022]

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cultivating soil suitable for concentrated growth of seedlings by a connecting type plastic tray.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takuji Tsujii 4-6-17, Koraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka City Sumitomo Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-3-139215 (JP, A) ( 58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/00 303

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A non-wood fiber organic material having a particle size distribution of 4 to 70 mesh in the range of 70 to 95% by weight and 70 mesh or less in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and a particle size distribution of 25 to 75% by volume. Is 4 to 22 mesh in the range of 70 to 95% by weight, and 22 mesh or less is 5 to 30% by weight.
100 parts of the former (as dried weight) in a weight ratio of the base material substantially consisting of 5 to 25% by volume and the surfactant.
In contrast to the latter, 0.001 to 0.5 parts of the latter is mixed to provide a connection type plastic tray culture medium. 2. A seedling raising method, which comprises cultivating a horticultural crop using the cultivated soil according to claim 1 in a linked plastic tray.