JP4950744B2 - Soil for raising seedlings and cutting method of vegetables using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a seedling culture medium suitable for raising flowers and vegetables (hereinafter simply referred to as vegetables) and a method for cutting vegetables using this culture medium. It is easy to carry, and when planting, there is no soil collapse due to the self-holding ability of the soil, the planting workability is good, and the plant growth after planting is good. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of cutting a root rooting seedling easily.

  Traditionally, soils made from a mixture of peat moss, bark, humus, red mulch, Kanuma soil, and other soils were used as seedlings for vegetable seedlings. Since there was no power, the cultivation soil collapsed and fell apart, the planting workability was poor, and the plant growth after planting was not good.

  As a countermeasure, JP-T-11-500310 discloses an aggregate comprising peat, topsoil, coir (coconut shell), perlite, vermiculite, pumice, calcined clay, wood pulp, crushed bark, sawdust, and mixtures thereof. Disclosed is a method for preparing a cohesive, self-supporting, open cell growth medium comprising water and a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer and water.

  However, since the method of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication uses a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, the medium is easy to solidify. Once solidified, it is difficult to get wet by repelling water, even if wet, and it is difficult to soften even if wet, so cutting work is difficult In addition, there is a problem that it is not preferable for the growth of the plant. In addition, since the water-absorbing polymer is not mixed, if the water is not sufficiently irrigated to the soil, the soil will dry, and the plant will not absorb enough water for germination and growth, leading to poor growth. . For this reason, irrigation must be performed frequently, and there was also a problem that management is difficult.

  For cuttings of vegetables, especially cuttings of rooting seedlings, for rooting seedlings with rooting seedlings grafted with cuttings of several centimeters in length to stems of several centimeters in length and several millimeters in diameter in a container for raising seedlings The planted soil for supporting seedlings should not be too stiff, with the corresponding flexibility and support for cuttings. Power is needed.

In addition, the cut vegetables are rooted and sent to the farmer when the roots come out in the container, where they are taken out of the container and planted. In addition, the self-holding power of the soil by the seedlings at the time of planting must be considered.
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-500310

  The object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned problems, suitable for soil for raising seedlings of vegetables, easy to cut, easy to carry, and supported stably at the time of cutting, There is no soil collapse due to self-holding ability of the soil, good planting workability, good growth of plants after planting, and no need for frequent irrigation, and a method for cutting vegetables using this soil It is to provide.

The soil for seedling raising of the present invention adds 1 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble binder and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer to 100 parts by weight of the total aggregate of peat moss and coco pate. It is characterized by mixing the water in such an amount that the total water content becomes 400 to 1200 parts by weight, and forming a slurry that can be poured into a container for raising seedlings .

The nursery containers in here, is that of a container such as a cell trays and pots and pots such for growing vegetables and flowers seedlings is filled with soil.

  The seedling cutting method according to the present invention includes 1 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble binder and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer in a total aggregate amount of 100 parts by weight of peat moss and coco pate. In addition, after stirring and mixing, water in an amount of 700 to 1200 parts by weight is added to the mixture, and the mixture is stirred and mixed again to form a slurry. Then, the slurry is poured into a seedling container and filled. It is characterized in that it is left for more than an hour and vegetable seedlings are cut after excess water is drained to form a solid soil containing water. The standing time is suitably 3 to 5 hours or more depending on the blending, but it is more preferably 5 hours or more in natural standing considering stable water absorption to the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer. However, after mixing, it is handed to a cutting planter, and when it is several hours or more from mixing to filling, such as when it is filled in a container, or when water permeability is good, leaving for 3 hours is sufficient. is there.

In the seedling culture soil of the present invention, aggregates other than peat moss and coco pate, such as bark, humus, akadama, Kanuma soil, other soils, perlite, vermiculite, pumice, calcined clay, wood pulp, crushed bark, sawdust, etc. Although it may be used in combination, peat moss and coco pate are the main components, and the total amount of other aggregates must be less than the total amount of peat moss and coco pate. In this case, 1 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble binder, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer, and a total water content with respect to 100 parts by weight of all aggregates including peat moss and cocopyt Is 700 to 1200 parts by weight.

  Here, the total water content is the total water content of the total amount of water contained in peat moss, coco pate, water-soluble binder, water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer, and other additives, and the amount of water added newly. It is the total water content when filling the container for raising seedlings.

  The peat moss used in the present invention is a fibrous soil improving material on which moss is deposited. Cocopaste is a porous fibrous soil conditioner obtained by pulverizing and depositing coconut shell fibers.

  The water-soluble binder used in the present invention includes starch, anionic water-soluble polymers mainly composed of cellulose, acrylic, vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acrylic ester, styrene acrylic, and styrene butadiene rubber. A powder or emulsion such as a coalescence or copolymer can be used. In addition, the compounding ratio in the case of an emulsion is converted into the amount of solid components.

  Examples of the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer used in the present invention include a cross-linked acrylic acid polymer partial salt, a water-absorbing resin obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide or a copolymer thereof, Granules such as polyethylene oxide obtained by irradiating ethylene oxide with an electron beam and derivatives thereof can be used. These water-insoluble water-absorbing polymers have the property of absorbing water several hundred times their own weight, and the water absorbed in large quantities gradually oozes into the soil as the soil is dried. Water is absorbed.

  The seedling culture soil thus adjusted is put in a seedling container and left for 3 to 5 hours or more, and then cut. At this time, the vegetables are rooted seedlings grafted with 3 to 5 cm long cucumber heads on 2 to 3 cm long pumpkin or cucumber rootstock, so the seedlings put in the container Make a small hole in the cultivated soil, insert a root rooting seedling into this hole, and put a mushroom (cultivated soil) in the root so that the cutting will not fall down. At this time, the soil for seedling raising of the present invention is optimally adjusted in both viscosity and bearing capacity, so that the cuttings will not fall down, and the root of the rooted seedlings can be kept moist at all times. Work can be done easily.

  On the other hand, when the cuttings are rooted and rooted, they are shipped to the farmers, but the seedling culture soil of the present invention is well-adjusted so that it is easy to manage watering. The root of the root rooting seedling can be always moistened, and rooting management can be easily performed.

  Furthermore, after shipping, the farmers take out the seedlings from the container and plant them, but the seedling cultivation soil that has been removed from the container has an appropriate level of self-holding ability, so that the cultivation soil does not collapse and the planting work Will not damage the roots. Since the culture medium for seedling raising of this invention is comprised with high water retention, the water management after planting can also be performed easily. Furthermore, since the culture medium for raising seedlings of the present invention is configured to have a high fertilizer, the growth of the planted seedlings is good.

  Since the peat moss is one of the main ingredients in the seedling culture medium of the present invention, it has excellent water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention, and has a strong acidity of pH 3.5 to 4.0. Hard to stick.

  The seedling culture soil of the present invention is excellent in water absorption, water retention, fertilization, water permeability, and air permeability since coco pate is another main component. Moreover, pH is 6.0-6.5 and weak acidity, and it is suitable for a plant.

  Since the water-soluble binder is contained in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and the cocopyant, the whole soil is adequately adhered and the soil is cultivated by the self-holding power of the soil when planted. There is no collapse and the planting workability is good. Furthermore, the permeability increases, the fertilizer effect is improved, and rooting and seedling growth are also improved.

  Since the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and the cocopyt, the water can be replenished to the plant without frequent irrigation. Persisted. Also, because it absorbs and releases a large amount of water in the soil, it creates a gas phase in the soil and supplies oxygen to the roots. Furthermore, since fertilizer components are prevented from flowing out due to precipitation, irrigation, etc., the fertilizer utilization rate of the seedling is improved, and the growth of the seedling is improved. Furthermore, even though it has a large amount of water, it has good water permeability, so it will not rot, rooting and rooting will be promoted, and plant growth and leaf color will be good.

Since the total amount of water is 700 to 1200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and cocopyt, the water supply to the peat moss and cocopyt and further to the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer can be achieved. It becomes sufficient and can hold a large amount of water. In particular, when the total water content is 700 to 1200 parts by weight, the cultivated soil becomes a slurry, so that pouring and filling into a container for raising seedlings is possible, and the filling workability is improved. In this way, if the seedling container is poured and filled with excess water, excess water is gradually drained, the ratio of the gas phase to the solid phase increases, oxygen is supplied to the roots, and solid density spots decrease. In addition, rooting and seedling growth are improved.

  The seedling culture soil of the present invention has the above-mentioned components properly blended, so that the balance between the solid phase and the gas phase is improved, the entire culture soil adheres appropriately, and when planting, the self-holding power of the culture soil The soil does not collapse and the planting workability is good, making it ideal as a soil for raising seedlings for cuttings such as vegetables and flowers, but there are many other features as mentioned above. It can be applied to a wide range of applications, such as pots for vegetables, flowers, bonsai, and soil for planters.

  The soil for raising seedlings used in the cutting method for vegetables according to the present invention is a mixture of peat moss or coco pate, a water-soluble binder, and a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer in a solid state, and then a large amount of water is added again. Since they are mixed, the water-soluble binder does not aggregate and hardly dissolve, and the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer does not absorb water and stick to each other.

  The vegetable cutting method according to the present invention, after pouring the slurry-like seedling culture soil into a seedling container such as a cell tray or pot and leaving it to stand for 3 to 5 hours or more, excess water is drained and contains water. Since the seedlings are cut after becoming a solid soil, they can be cut easily, and the planted seedlings do not tilt or fall down.

  The seedling culture soil according to an embodiment of the present invention is a mixture of peat moss and / or coco pate, a water-soluble binder, a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer, and water.

  There is no problem even if the amount of peat moss and cocopypt is 1: 0 or 0: 1, but it is preferable to increase the amount of cocopypt from 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 5: 5 to 1: 3. The rooting is improved.

As water-soluble binders, starch, anionic water-soluble polymers mainly composed of cellulose, acrylic, vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate , acrylic acid ester, styrene acrylic, styrene butadiene rubber polymer, copolymer, etc. A powdery form or an emulsion can be used. Of these, an anionic water-soluble polymer mainly composed of cellulose and preferably having a particle size of 75 μm or less is used.

  In the case of an emulsion, the amount of the water-soluble binder is 1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of peat moss and cocopyant in terms of the amount of solid components. Good. When the water-soluble binder is less than 3 parts by weight, especially less than 1 part by weight, the self-holding power of the cultivated soil is small when planting, so that the cultivated soil collapses and falls apart, resulting in poor planting workability. In addition, the permeability deteriorates, the fertilizer efficiency decreases, and rooting and seedling growth also worsen. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, especially 15 parts by weight, rooting and seedling growth will be poor.

  As water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer, acrylic acid polymer partial salt cross-linked product, resin obtained by reacting isocyanate compound with polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide or its copolymer, obtained by electron beam irradiation to polyethylene oxide Granules such as water-insoluble polyethylene oxide and its derivatives can be used. Among these, a granular material having an average particle size of 20 to 700 μm, which is a cross-linked acrylic acid polymer partial salt, is preferably used. The blending amount of the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer is 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of peat moss and cocopyant. When the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer is less than 1 part by weight, particularly less than 0.5 part by weight, the water retention of the soil is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is deteriorated, the root amount is reduced, and the leaf color is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 5 parts by weight, particularly 10 parts by weight, rooting and growth become worse.

The total water content is 400 to 1200 parts by weight, preferably 700 to 1200 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total aggregate amount of peat moss and cocopyant. If the total water content is less than 400 parts by weight, the ratio of the gas phase is decreased, and the growth of rooting and seedlings is deteriorated. When the total water content is 400 parts by weight or more and less than 700 parts by weight, there is no problem with rooting or seedling growth, but since the soil does not become slurry, pouring and filling into the seedling container becomes impossible and workability is improved. Decreases. On the other hand, when the total water content exceeds 1200 parts by weight, the ratio of the solid phase is excessively decreased, which is not preferable in terms of seedling growth.

  Since the peat moss is one of the main components, the seedling culture medium of the present invention formulated as described above is excellent in water absorption, water retention and fertilization, and has an acidic pH of 3.5 to 4.0. Because it is strong, it is hard to get mold and mites.

  Since Cocopyrt is another main component, it has excellent water absorption, water retention, fertilization, water permeability and breathability. Moreover, pH is 6.0-6.5 and weak acidity, and it is suitable for a plant.

  Since the water-soluble binder is contained in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and the cocopyant, the whole soil is adequately adhered and the soil is cultivated by the self-holding power of the soil when planted. There is no collapse and the planting workability is good. Furthermore, the permeability increases, the fertilizer effect is improved, and rooting and seedling growth are also improved.

  Since the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and the cocopyt, the water can be replenished to the plant without frequent irrigation. Persisted. Furthermore, since fertilizer components are prevented from flowing out due to precipitation, irrigation, etc., the fertilizer utilization rate of the seedling is improved, and the growth of the seedling is improved. In addition, even though it has a large amount of water, it has good water permeability so that it does not rot, rooting and rooting are promoted, and plant growth and leaf color are improved.

  Since the total water content is 400 to 1200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of the peat moss and cocopyt, the water supply to the peat moss and cocopyt, and further to the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer is possible. It becomes sufficient and can hold a large amount of water. In particular, when the total water content is 700 to 1200 parts by weight, the cultivated soil becomes a slurry, so that pouring and filling into a container for raising seedlings is possible, and the filling workability is improved. In addition, when the seedling container is poured and filled in this manner with excessive water content, the liquid phase ratio of the three soil cultivation phases (solid phase: liquid phase: gas phase) increases, the solid phase ratio decreases, and the solid density decreases. When the excess water is drained gradually after filling, the portion of the liquid phase from which water has drained changes to the gas phase, increasing the gas phase ratio to supply oxygen to the roots and reducing the density of solids. , Rooting and seedling growth will be good.

  Next, a method for cutting the fruits and vegetables of the present invention will be described. 1 to 15 parts by weight of a powdered water-soluble binder and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer of a granular material with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total aggregate amount of the above-mentioned peat moss and coco pate. Only the added solid component is stirred and mixed in advance, and then water is added in an amount such that the total water content becomes 700 to 1200 parts by weight, and the mixture is stirred and mixed again to obtain a slurry-like soil. When water is added from the beginning in an amount of 700 to 1200 parts by weight and stirred and mixed, the water-soluble binder aggregates and becomes difficult to dissolve, or the water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer absorbs water and sticks together. It is not good because there are things to do.

  After pouring this slurry-like soil into a container for raising seedlings such as a cell tray, it is left for 3 to 5 hours or more, for example, 5 hours or more, and excess moisture is drained to become a solid soil containing water. Cut at the cutting department or cutting supplier. After pouring and filling the container for raising seedlings, cutting into a soil without sufficient drainage is not good because the soil is so soft that the planted seedling tilts or falls down.

  FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing an embodiment in which a grafted seedling is inserted into a cell C1 filled with the seedling-growing soil of the present invention. In FIG. 1, rooting rootstock 3 was used as a seedling to be cut under the most severe conditions. A seedling 5 obtained by grafting a cutting 4 on the root rootstock 3 is inserted into the cultivating soil 2 in the cell C1.

  2 is a plan view of the cell tray 1 provided with a number of cells C1, C2, C3..., And FIG. A large number of cells C1, C2, C3,... Of the cell tray 1 are filled with the soil 2 that has been blended in the above blending amount and stirred and mixed. As a filling method, when the total water content is small, it is in a solid state, so it is filled with soot or the like. However, in the case of a slurry with a large total water content, each cell is almost full after flowing in the center of the cell tray 1. Workability is greatly improved by filling evenly with a palm or an elongated plate.

  In the above-mentioned manner, after cutting all the many cells C1, C2, C3... Of the cell tray 1, the cells are grown in a temperature control room. Explaining in the case of cucumber, the grafting part 6 is alive after 2 to 3 days after cutting, and when properly fertilized or irrigated, rooting increases and the root mass increases, and 8 to 12 days (summer to winter) after cutting. It grows until it can be shipped to farmers.

  After the shipment, the farmer takes out the seedling together with the seedling-growing soil from the cell C1 and plantes it. At this time, the seedling culture soil of the present invention adjusts the self-holding power of the seedling culture soil, so that the seedling culture soil does not fall apart and can be reliably planted without damaging the roots of the seedlings .

  Thus, in the method for cutting vegetables according to the present invention, cutting is easy, the rooting and rooting are good, and the management from the rooting to the time of shipment is easy. In addition, after shipping, the plants can be planted with the seedling culture soil attached, and even after planting, the growth is high due to the nutrients of peat moss and coco peat.

In the preparation of the seedling culture soil, peat moss, coco pate, CMC (powder of sodium carboxymethylcellulose) shown in Chemical Formula 1 as a water-soluble binder, and Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. as a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer. Sun Fresh GT-1 (fine particles of acrylic acid polymer partial sodium salt cross-linked product) and water were mixed in the above-mentioned manner at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 (however, twice the amount shown in Table 1). And the soil for raising seedlings for Example No1-1 to 1-5, 2-1 to 2-4, 3-1 to 3-5, 4-1 to 4-6, and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was prepared.

In the cutting cutting growth test, the seedling culture soil prepared above was filled in 20 cells of a synthetic resin cell tray 1 having a capacity of 67 cc and a bottom hole 7 of 6 mm as shown in FIG. A root-rooted seedling 5 obtained by grafting a cucumber head 4 of another varieties was cut on the rootstock 3.

  Put the cut cell tray 1 in a room where the temperature is 28-30 ° C and humidity is 95-100%, and lower the temperature by 2 ° C / 2 days and the humidity by 15-20% / 2 days. And tested for 8 days. The grafted part 6 of the grafted seedling 5 was established in 2 to 3 days, and on the 3rd day, as a liquid fertilizer, a calstart made by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. (nitrogen 15.0%, bitter soil 1.0%, boron 0. 1%, calcium 10%, iron 0.1%, copper 0.052%, zinc 0.05%, molybdenum 0.053% outside water) on the 6th day made by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. One-to-one mixture of Otsuka House No. 1 and No. 2 (nitrogen 10.5%, phosphoric acid 4.0%, potassium 13.5%, bitter clay 2.0%, manganese 0.05%, boron 0.05 %, Lime 11.5%, iron 0.09%, copper 0.001%, zinc 0.003%, molybdenum 0.001%, external moisture).

Table 1 shows the results of examining the water permeability and permeability of the seedling culture soil of the cell tray 1 of each experiment No., rooting, rooting, seedling growth, leaf color, fertilizer effect, and planting workability after 8 days.

From Table 1, there is no particular problem regarding the mixing ratio of peat moss and cocopyt, but it is preferable to use only peat moss or cocopyt, but it is preferable to mix them together. The blending amount of the polymer is 0.5 to 10 g, more preferably 1 to 5 g, and when it is 10 g or more, rooting, rooting and seedling growth are deteriorated. Moreover, the level which did not add a water-insoluble water absorption polymer was also inferior in the fertilizer effect, and the color of the rooting and the leaf was not good.

  The blending amount of the water-soluble binder is 1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 10 g. When the amount is 15 g or more, the rooting is worsened, and the leaf color and growth are not good. On the other hand, when the amount was 1 g or less, the permeability deteriorated and the fertilizer effect was not good. Furthermore, when the water-soluble binder was not added, the entire cultivated soil was separated, and the cultivated soil collapsed when planted, resulting in poor planting workability.

  The level of 500 g of water was a solid cultivated soil, so it was placed in a cell with large tweezers, and the cultivated density was adjusted while mixing a little, and the surface was flattened with a round bar with a flat bottom.

  On the other hand, the levels of 750 g and 1000 g of water are the slurry for raising seedlings, so that after flowing all the amount in the center of the cell tray 1, filling each cell with a palm so that it becomes full, The soil density was almost constant, and the surface of the soil was almost the same as the top surface of the cell tray 1, which greatly improved the filling workability. When left in this state overnight, water gradually drains from the bottom hole 7 of each cell, and the upper surface of the culture soil becomes flat at a position several millimeters lower than the upper surface of the cell tray 1, and the ratio of the gas phase to the solid phase is water. It increased from the level of 500 g, and the rooting and seedling growth were good. Example 4-5 was excellent overall and was the best condition.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which a seedling 5 obtained by grafting a cucumber rooting root 4 of a cucumber with a varieties of cucumber roots 4 on the seedling culture soil 2 has been described. In addition to cucumbers, fruits and vegetables such as pumpkins and eggplants, other vegetables, flowers, and seedlings of grafted and non-grafted seedlings such as fruit trees, and sowing seeds of these plants directly for germination It is also excellent as a medium for raising seedlings when raising seedlings.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified and implemented without departing from the gist of the present invention.

It is a front sectional view showing an embodiment in which a grafted seedling is cut into a cell filled with the seedling culture medium of the present invention. It is a partially notched top view of the cell tray used in the Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is a partial side cross-sectional view of the cell tray taken along line F3-F3 of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Cell tray
2 Seedling culture soil
3 Rootstock
4 Heading
5 Seeding
6 Grafting part
7 Bottom holes C1, C2, C3 cells

Claims (2)

1 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble binder and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer are added to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of peat moss and / or cocopyt, and the total water content is 700 to 1200 parts by weight. A soil for raising seedlings, characterized in that a slurry that can be poured into a container for raising seedlings is added and mixed. 1 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble binder and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-insoluble water-absorbing polymer are added to 100 parts by weight of the aggregate of peat moss and / or cocopyt, and after stirring and mixing, Add water in an amount of 700 to 1200 parts by weight and mix again with stirring to form a slurry. Then, the slurry is poured into a container for raising seedlings and left to stand for 3 to 5 hours to drain excess water. A method for cutting vegetables, comprising cutting a seedling of the vegetable after becoming a solid soil containing water .

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