JP5994003B1 - Water-retaining granular culture soil for planters using carboxymethylcellulose - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】通気性には優れているが保水性が乏しい無機質成分の多孔質粒状培養土にCMCを混合することで通気性を損なうことなく保水性を向上させ、プランターによる植物の栽培に適した粒状培養土を提供する。【解決手段】粒径2〜5mmに選別した赤玉土1、鹿沼土2及びパーライト3を、赤玉土1が8.9L、鹿沼土2が1.0L、パーライト3が0.7Lの割合で均一に混合した粒状の培養土に対して、粒径0.2〜1.0mmのカルボキシメチルセルロースの顆粒を14g混合して成り、プランターでの植物栽培において、水遣りの水で溶けて膨潤した塊状のカルボキシメチルセルロース4が粒状の培養土の通気性を損なわずに保水性を向上させ、植物を大きく成長させる。【選択図】 図19[PROBLEMS] To improve water retention without impairing air permeability by mixing CMC into porous granular culture soil of an inorganic component that has excellent air permeability but poor water retention, and is suitable for plant cultivation by planters. Provide granular culture soil. [Solution] Red crust 1, Kanuma soil 2 and perlite 3 sorted to a particle size of 2 to 5 mm are uniformly distributed at a ratio of 8.9 L of red crust 1, 1.0 L of Kanuma soil 2, and 0.7 L of pearlite 3. 14 g of carboxymethylcellulose granules having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm are mixed with the granular culture soil mixed in the above, and in the plant cultivation in the planter, the lumpy carboxy swelled by dissolving in water with water Methylcellulose 4 improves water retention without impairing the air permeability of the granular culture soil, and grows plants greatly. [Selection] FIG.
Description
本発明は、プランターで草花、野菜等の植物を栽培するのに適した無機質成分の粒子を主成分とし、カルボキシメチルセルロースを混合した保水性粒状培養土に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a water-retaining granular culture soil mainly composed of inorganic component particles suitable for growing plants such as flowers and vegetables in a planter , and mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose.
プランターで植物を栽培する際に用いる培養土は、通気性が少なく水捌けが悪いと根腐れを起こし易いので保肥性と共に通気性の優れた多孔質の粒状の培養土が一般的に使用されているが、粒状の培養土は散水した水が短時間に粒子間を流れ落ちて排出されてしまう性質があるため土の乾燥が速く、水不足を招きやすいという欠点がある。特に乾燥し易い夏場では毎日水遣り作業をしなければ植物が枯れてしまう場合もあり、その作業の負担は大変大きい。
この問題を解消するためには保水力を高める物質を加える必要があるが、本発明者は、保水剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(以下CMCと呼ぶ)に着眼した。
一方、CMCを含む粒状培養土としては、下記特許文献1に、30%を占める主成分の草炭に無機成分の粒子を混合し、これにポリビニールアルコールやCMC等を添加することが記載されているが、CMCは草炭の繊維を粒状に結着させる目的で使用され、保水性を高める目的に使用されたものではない。
The cultivation soil used for planting plants with planters is generally porous and porous cultivation soil that has excellent air permeability as well as fertilizer because it has low air permeability and is prone to root rot if poorly watered. However, the granular culture soil has the property that the sprinkled water flows down between the particles in a short time and is discharged, so that the soil dries quickly and easily causes water shortage. Especially in the summertime when it is easy to dry, if the watering work is not carried out every day, the plant may die, and the burden of the work is very large.
In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to add a substance that enhances water retention, but the present inventor has focused on carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter referred to as CMC) as a water retention agent.
On the other hand, as granular culture soil containing CMC, Patent Document 1 below describes that particles of inorganic components are mixed with the main component of grass charcoal occupying 30%, and polyvinyl alcohol or CMC is added thereto. However, CMC is used for the purpose of binding grass charcoal fibers in a granular form, and not for the purpose of increasing water retention.
本発明者はCMCの使用について種々研究を重ねた結果、通気性には優れているが保水性が乏しい無機質成分の多孔質粒状培養土に対してCMCを混合することで通気性を損なうことなく保水性を向上させ、プランターによる植物の栽培に適した粒状培養土の開発に成功したものである。 As a result of repeating various studies on the use of CMC, the present inventor mixed CMC with a porous granular culture soil of an inorganic component having excellent air permeability but poor water retention without impairing air permeability. It has succeeded in developing granular culture soil that improves water retention and is suitable for plant cultivation by planters.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のカルボキシメチルセルロースを用いたプランター用保水性粒状培養土は、粒径2〜5mmの赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライト、バーミキュライト及び軽石のうち少なくともいずれか一つを含む約300°C以上の高熱処理された無機質成分の多孔質粒状培養土に対して、粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状カルボキシメチルセルロースを0.8〜2.0g/L混合したことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the water-retaining granular culture soil for planters using the carboxymethylcellulose of the present invention contains at least one of red jade soil, Kanuma soil, perlite, vermiculite and pumice having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm. A mixture of 0.8 to 2.0 g / L of granular carboxymethyl cellulose having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm to a porous granular culture soil of an inorganic component subjected to high heat treatment at about 300 ° C. or higher. Features.
本発明は、通気性と保肥性に優れるが保水性の少ない粒径2〜5mmの無機質成分の多孔質粒状培養土に対して粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状CMCを0.8〜2.0g/L混合することで植物の成長に適するバランスの良い保水性と通気性が得られた。
CMCは水で糊状に溶解し内部に水を保持する性質があるが、もし粉体のCMCを粒状培養土に添加した場合には、溶けると粒状培養土の粒子の表面に溶けて糊状となって面状に広がって培養土の粒子間の通気路の一部を塞ぎ、根の呼吸を妨げ、植物の成長に悪影響を与えるおそれがある。
これに対して、CMCが粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒の場合では、粒径2〜5mmの粒状培養土に対して0.8〜2.0g/L混合すると、顆粒が水に溶けて糊の塊状に膨潤し、顆粒よりも比較的大きな粒径2〜5mmの粒状培養土の粒子の表面に点状に付着して存在し、この結果、培養土全体としての保水性が向上されると共に膜状にはならず粒子間の通気路を塞ぐことがないため高い通気性が維持され、根に多くの酸素が供給されて植物がより良好に成長できるようになる。
The present invention provides a granular CMC having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm to a porous granular culture soil of an inorganic component having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm, which is excellent in air permeability and fertilizer retention but has little water retention. By mixing 8 to 2.0 g / L, well-balanced water retention and air permeability suitable for plant growth were obtained.
CMC has the property of dissolving in a paste form with water and retaining the water inside, but if powdered CMC is added to the granular culture soil, it will dissolve on the surface of the particles of the granular culture soil and dissolve. It spreads in a planar shape and blocks a part of the air passage between the particles of the cultured soil, impedes root respiration and may adversely affect plant growth.
On the other hand, when the CMC is a granule having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, when the granulated soil with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm is mixed with 0.8 to 2.0 g / L, the granule is dissolved in water. It melts and swells as a lump of glue, and adheres to the surface of granular culture soil particles having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm, which is relatively larger than the granules, resulting in improved water retention as a whole. At the same time, since it does not form a membrane and does not block the air passage between the particles, high air permeability is maintained, and a lot of oxygen is supplied to the roots so that the plant can grow better.
そして、前記無機質成分の多孔質粒状培養土である、赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライト、バーミキュライト及び軽石はいずれも粒径を2〜5mmに選別された粒子は材質が多孔質であり、粒子内の形成された孔内に肥料を保持できるので保肥性に優れ、又、粒子表面から孔内に一定量の水を蓄える能力がある。
これに粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状のCMCを混合することによって、水遣りされて溶解したCMC顆粒自体が膨潤した塊となって、その塊は粒状培養土の粒子間の通気路を塞ぐことなく内部に水を保持し、又溶けた顆粒の表面からの乾燥は粒状培養土よりも遅いためそれらの水分が多孔質粒子の孔内に保持される水に加わって培養土全体としての保水性を向上させることができる。
And the porous granular culture soil of the inorganic component , akadama soil, Kanuma soil, pearlite, vermiculite and pumice are all selected from particles having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm, the material is porous, Since the fertilizer can be held in the formed pores, it is excellent in fertilizer retention and has the ability to store a certain amount of water in the pores from the particle surface.
By mixing granular CMC having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm with this, water-dissolved CMC granules themselves swelled into a lump, and the lump is an air passage between particles of granular culture soil. Water is retained inside without blocking, and drying from the surface of the melted granules is slower than granular culture soil, so that the water is added to the water retained in the pores of the porous particles and the whole culture soil Water retention can be improved.
更に、約300°Cに高熱処理さている粒子の培養土を使用することで病原菌や害虫の卵、雑草の種などを完全に死滅させた清潔な粒状培養土が得られ、室内にプランターを置いて植物栽培しても病気や虫が発生せず居室内の衛生が保持される。 In addition, by using a particle culture soil that has been heat-treated at about 300 ° C, a clean granular culture soil in which pathogenic bacteria, pest eggs, and weed seeds have been completely killed can be obtained. Even if plants are cultivated, illness and insects do not occur and the hygiene of the living room is maintained.
本発明の実施形態を以下説明する。
本発明のベースとなる土は、粒径2〜5mmの多孔質の粒子である無機質成分の粒状培養土である。
該培養土は、赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライト、バーミキュライト及び軽石のうち少なくともいずれか一つを含み、いずれも篩目2mmオーバー且つ篩目5mmアンダーの2〜5mmの粒子である。そして2mmアンダーの微粒子や粉体は含まない。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The soil used as the base of the present invention is a granular culture soil of inorganic components which are porous particles having a particle diameter of 2 to 5 mm.
The culture soil contains at least one of red jade soil, Kanuma soil, pearlite, vermiculite, and pumice, all of which are 2 to 5 mm particles with a mesh size of 2 mm over and a mesh size of 5 mm under. And it does not contain fine particles and powder under 2 mm.
前記鹿沼土は、火山性軽石が栃木県鹿沼市付近の下層に堆積した関東ローム層から採掘される。軽量多孔質の弱酸性の土であり、通気性、保水性、保肥性に優れる。
前記赤玉土は、栃木県内の関東ローム層から採出される赤土を乾燥し、塊を粉砕し篩いで粉を除去した粒子である。団粒構造をなしており、通気性、保水性、保肥性に優れる。
上記鹿沼土及び赤玉土は、微粉を除き、大粒15〜20mm、中粒5〜15mm、小粒2〜5mm、微粒2mm以下に選別した商品が販売されているが本発明では小粒2〜5mmを使用する。
前記軽石は、火山の噴火でできた用土であり、軽量多孔質で通気性が優れている。
前記パーライトは、黒曜石、真珠石を800〜1000°Cの高温で焼いて膨張させたものであり、非常に軽く通気性、排水性に優れる。
前記バーミキュライトは、ひる石を約1300°Cの高温で焼いて元の容積の10倍以上に膨張させたものであり、空間が多く通気性、保水性、保肥性に優れる。
The Kanuma soil is mined from the Kanto Loam Formation, where volcanic pumice is deposited in the lower layer near Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture. Lightweight, porous, weakly acidic soil with excellent breathability, water retention, and fertilizer retention.
The red crust is a particle obtained by drying red crust extracted from the Kanto Loam Formation in Tochigi Prefecture, crushing the lump and removing the powder with a sieve. It has a aggregate structure and is excellent in air permeability, water retention and fertilization.
The above Kanuma soil and Akadama soil, except for fine powder, are sold in large size 15-20mm, medium size 5-15mm, small size 2-5mm, fine size 2mm or less, but in the present invention, small size 2-5mm is used. To do.
The pumice is a soil made from volcanic eruptions, is lightweight and porous and has excellent air permeability.
The pearlite is obtained by baking and expanding obsidian and pearlite at a high temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C., and is extremely light and excellent in air permeability and drainage.
The vermiculite is obtained by baking vermiculite at a high temperature of about 1300 ° C. and expanding it to 10 times or more of the original volume, and has a large space and is excellent in air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention.
前記赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライト、バーミキュライト及び軽石の粒子はいずれも無機質成分の粒子であり、混合する原料には細菌、カビ菌、バクテリアなどを殆ど含まない。
このため、悪臭や虫が発生せず、清潔さが要求される室内でのプランター栽培に適するものとなる。
更に、前記赤玉土及び鹿沼土は粒子を約300°Cの高熱処理した粒子を使用することで前記粒状培養土を無菌状態にすることができる。
The red jade soil, Kanuma soil, perlite, vermiculite and pumice particles are all inorganic component particles, and the raw material to be mixed contains almost no bacteria, fungi or bacteria.
For this reason, it does not generate bad odors and insects, and is suitable for indoor planter cultivation where cleanliness is required.
In addition, the red cultivated soil and the Kanuma soil can be made sterile by using particles obtained by heat-treating the particles at about 300 ° C.
そして、本発明は前記粒状培養土を1Lに対して粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状CMCを0.8〜2.0g混合する。
前記顆粒状CMCの量は0.8g/L以下の場合には十分な保水効果が得られない。又、2.0g/L以上混ぜると保水性が高まるが、通気性が損なわれるので植物の生育には好ましくなくなる。
And this invention mixes 0.8-2.0g of granular CMC with a particle size of 0.2-1.0mm with respect to 1L of the said granular culture soil.
When the amount of the granular CMC is 0.8 g / L or less, a sufficient water retention effect cannot be obtained. In addition, mixing at 2.0 g / L or more increases water retention, but impairs air permeability and is not preferable for plant growth.
(比較試験)
前記粒状培養土に対して前記顆粒状CMCを混合した場合の植物の成長へ影響を確認するため、上記赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライトを配合した培養土によってプランターによる植物栽培を行う比較実験を行った。
用いた培養土には、図19に示すように、300°Cで高熱処理されている赤玉土1及び鹿沼土2、パーライト3を夫々篩目2mmオーバー且つ篩目5mmアンダーの2〜5mmの粒子を使用する。この中に2mmアンダーの微粒子や粉体は含まない。
そして、それらの混合割合を次の表1の通りとした。
(Comparative test)
In order to confirm the effect on the growth of the plant when the granular CMC is mixed with the granular culture soil, a comparative experiment is conducted in which plant cultivation is performed with a planter using the culture soil containing the red cereal soil, kanuma soil, and perlite. It was.
As shown in FIG. 19, 2-5 mm particles of red crust 1, Kanuma soil 2 and pearlite 3, which have been heat-treated at 300 ° C., are 2 mm over and under 5 mm. Is used. This does not include fine particles or powder under 2 mm.
The mixing ratio was as shown in Table 1 below.
本発明では、以上合計10.6Lに対して、粒径0.2〜1.0mmのCMCの顆粒を14g均一に混合し、この場合の配合量は、粒状培養土1Lに対して顆粒状カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)は1.32gとなる量とした。
これと比較する培養土は、上記粒状培養土のみのものと、その粒状培養土10.6Lに対して粉状CMCを14g均一に混合したものとした。
In the present invention, 14 g of CMC granules having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm are uniformly mixed with 10.6 L in total, and the blending amount in this case is granular carboxy to 1 L of granular culture soil. The amount of methyl cellulose (CMC) was 1.32 g.
The culture soil to be compared with this was one in which only the granular culture soil was mixed, and 14 g of powdered CMC was uniformly mixed with 10.6 L of the granular culture soil.
前記CMCは日本製紙株式会社の商品名サンローズのCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)の顆粒タイプ(商品番号F300HG)を使用した。
該CMCは増粘性、接着性、保水性、フィルム形成性等の特性があり、食品添加物としても使用されているものである。
前記CMCには、顆粒タイプ(商品名サンローズの商品番号F300HG)と粉体タイプ(商品名サンローズの商品番号F350HC-4)とがあり、顆粒タイプと粉体タイプの物性は次の表2の通り異なっている。
The CMC used was a granule type (product number F300HG) of CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., Sunrose.
The CMC has properties such as thickening, adhesiveness, water retention and film-forming properties, and is also used as a food additive.
The CMC has a granule type (trade name: Sunrose product number F300HG) and a powder type (trade name: Sunrose product number F350HC-4). Table 2 shows the physical properties of the granule type and the powder type. The streets are different.
特に粘度については顆粒タイプの値が2000に対して粉体タイプの値が3545と約60%大きい。
本発明では粒状培養土に対して前記顆粒タイプのCMC(商品番号F300HG)を0.8〜2.0g/Lの割合で混合するが、植物をプランター栽培する際の水遣りで、図19に示すように、その水を含んだ顆粒状のCMCは糊状に溶解して膨潤したCMC4の塊となる。
In particular, regarding the viscosity, the value of the granule type is 2000, and the value of the powder type is 3545, which is about 60% larger.
In the present invention, the granular type CMC (product number F300HG) is mixed at a rate of 0.8 to 2.0 g / L with respect to the granular culture soil. Thus, the granular CMC containing water becomes a lump of CMC 4 which is dissolved in a paste and swollen.
(比較試験1)
実際のプランター栽培に際しては上記赤玉土、鹿沼土及びパーライトを混合した粒状培養土に、元肥料や追肥の如き肥料分が栄養源として添加されるが、それらは栽培植物に適した肥料が選択され、必要量混合されることとなる。
本比較試験では上記粒状培養土に、粒状の活性剤(腐植酸)を2.0L混合し、更に化成肥料の元肥84gを加えた。
上配合で腐植酸と元肥を混ぜた粒状培養土(商品番号F300HGの顆粒状CMCを添加)と、基礎となる粒状培養土は同じであるがCMCの顆粒は加えず粉体タイプを同量混合した粒状培養土(F350HC-4添加)とを用意して、これらの粒状培養土とCMCを全く混合しない粒状培養土でペチュニアをプランター栽培する試験を行った。
この試験では3月10日に、プランターに上記配合割合の粒状培養土を4L入れて、ペチュニアを1株づつ植え付けた。
苗が根付くまでの5週間は1日1回の水遣りを行なった。そして、その後4月15日から水切れまでの期間を観察した。
その結果は下記表3に示す通りである。
(Comparative test 1)
In actual planter cultivation, fertilizers such as raw fertilizer and additional fertilizer are added as nutrient sources to the granular culture soil mixed with the above-mentioned Akadama soil, Kanuma soil and perlite. The required amount will be mixed.
In this comparative test, 2.0 L of granular activator (humic acid) was mixed with the granular culture soil, and 84 g of raw fertilizer of chemical fertilizer was further added.
Granular soil with humic acid and basic fertilizer mixed in the above composition (addition of granular CMC with product number F300HG) is the same as the basic granular soil but with the same amount of powder type without adding CMC granules The granular culture soil (F350HC-4 added) was prepared, and a test was conducted in which petunia was planted in granular culture soil in which these granular culture soil and CMC were not mixed at all.
In this test, on March 10, 4 L of granular culture soil with the above blending ratio was put in a planter, and petunia was planted one by one.
Watering was performed once a day for 5 weeks until the seedlings took root. And then, the period from April 15 to the drainage was observed.
The results are as shown in Table 3 below.
上記表3中の3月10日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内のペチュニアの状態を図1で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加したペチュニアの状態を図2で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加したペチュニアの状態を図3で示す。
又、3月25日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内のペチュニアの状態を図4で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加したペチュニアの状態を図5で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加したペチュニアの状態を図6で示す。
更に、4月6日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内のペチュニアの状態を図7で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加したペチュニアの状態を図8で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加したペチュニアの状態を図9で示す。
FIG. 1 shows the state of petunia in the planter using only the culture soil as of March 10 in Table 3 above, FIG. 2 shows the state of petunia to which powdered F350HC-4 was added, and added granules of F300HG. The state of petunia is shown in FIG.
Moreover, the state of the petunia in the planter only by the culture soil as of March 25 is shown in FIG. 4, the state of the petunia to which powdered F350HC-4 was added is shown in FIG. 5, and the state of the petunia to which F300HG of granules was added Is shown in FIG.
Further, FIG. 7 shows the state of petunia in the planter using only the cultured soil as of April 6, FIG. 8 shows the state of petunia to which powdered F350HC-4 was added, and the state of petunia to which granules of F300HG were added. Is shown in FIG.
この比較実験の結果は、表3に示したように、4月6日には草丈(cm)株幅(cm)花数(個)共にCMCを加えない粒状培養土よりは粉状及び顆粒状のCMCの結果が優れていたが、粉状よりも顆粒状のCMCを加えた培養土の方が良い結果が得られた。特に花数では粉状CMCが26個に対して顆粒状CMCが32個と格段に多かった。
そして、花が咲いた4月6日のペチュニアの写真である図7、図8、図9を対比して判るように、単にペチュニアの花の個数だけではなく、顆粒のF300HG添加は粉のF350HC-4添加よりも株幅及び草丈も大きく、全体が立派に且つ力強く成長した。
その後、表3に示すように、4月15日、4月24日、5月1日の潅水試験ではペチュニアの萎れる様子から粉のF350HC-4を添加した場合には顆粒のF300HGよりも萎れるのが遅れ、より保水性が高いことが分かった。
しかし、試験結果は、4月6日時点の状態に現れたように、ペチュニアの成長には保水性は高い粉のF350HC-4が必ずしも最高に成長することにはならなかった。
As shown in Table 3, the results of this comparative experiment are as follows: On April 6, plant height (cm), stock width (cm), number of flowers (number), both in powder and granular form, compared to granular culture soil to which CMC was not added Although the results of CMC were excellent, the culture soil to which granular CMC was added was better than the powder. In particular, in terms of the number of flowers, there were 26 powdery CMCs and 32 granular CMCs.
As seen in comparison with FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, which are photographs of petunia on April 6, where the flowers bloomed, it is not only the number of petunia flowers but also the addition of F300HG in the granule to the powder F350HC. The stock width and plant height were larger than the addition of -4, and the whole grew up brilliantly and powerfully.
Thereafter, as shown in Table 3, in the irrigation test on April 15, April 24, and May 1, when F350HC-4 of powder is added from the state of petunia wilt, it is more wilted than granules of F300HG. It was found that the water retention was higher.
However, test results, as appeared to the state as of April 6, water retention in the growth of petunia F350HC-4 high powder is not necessarily to be grown up to.
(比較試験2)
上記比較試験1と同様の3種類の培養土で、小松菜をプランターで栽培する試験を行った。その結果は下記表4に示す通りである。
この試験では4月25日にプランターに培養土を4L入れて、小松菜の種6粒を播き1日1回の水遣りを行なった。経過を観察した結果は下記表1に示す通りである。
(Comparative test 2)
A test for cultivating Komatsuna with a planter was conducted using the same three types of culture soil as in Comparative Test 1 above. The results are as shown in Table 4 below.
In this test, 4L of culture soil was put in a planter on April 25, 6 seeds of Komatsuna were sown, and watered once a day. The results of observation are as shown in Table 1 below.
上記表3中の5月11日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内の小松菜の状態を図10で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加した小松菜の状態を図11で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加した小松菜の状態を図12で示す。
5月18日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内の小松菜の状態を図13で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加した小松菜の状態を図14で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加した小松菜の状態を図15で示す。
5月22日時点の培養土のみによるプランター内の小松菜の状態を図16で示し、粉状のF350HC-4を添加した小松菜の状態を図17で示し、顆粒のF300HG添加した小松菜の状態を図18で示す。
FIG. 10 shows the state of Komatsuna in the planter using only the culture soil as of May 11 in Table 3 above, and FIG. 11 shows the state of Komatsuna to which powdered F350HC-4 was added. The state of Komatsuna is shown in FIG.
FIG. 13 shows the state of Komatsuna in the planter using only the cultured soil as of May 18, FIG. 14 shows the state of Komatsuna added with powdered F350HC-4, and the state of Komatsuna added with granular F300HG. 15.
FIG. 16 shows the state of Komatsuna in the planter using only the cultured soil as of May 22, FIG. 17 shows the state of Komatsuna added with powdered F350HC-4, and the state of Komatsuna added with granular F300HG. 18.
この試験では、草丈(cm)葉幅(cm)収量(g)共にCMCを加えない粒状培養土よりは粉状及び顆粒状のCMCの結果が優れていたが、粉状よりも顆粒状のCMCを加えた培養土の方が良い結果が得られた。特に収量では粉状CMCが311gに対して顆粒状CMCは350gと格段に良好な結果が得られた。
そして、5月22日時点の小松菜は、図16、図17、図18を対比して判るように、単に収量が大きいだけではなく、目視観察すると顆粒のF300HG添加は粉のF350HC-4添加よりも活き活きした状態に成長した。
In this test, both the plant height (cm), the leaf width (cm) and the yield (g) were superior to the powdered and granular CMC than the granular culture soil to which CMC was not added. Better results were obtained with the culture soil added with. In particular, the powder CMC was 311 g, and the granular CMC was 350 g, which was a particularly good result.
As can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 16, 17, and 18, Komatsuna as of May 22 not only has a high yield, but when visually observed, the addition of F300HG to the granule is more than the addition of F350HC-4 to the powder. Also grew to a lively state.
上記比較試験1、2では、いずれも粉状よりは顆粒状CMCを添加した場合の方が良い結果が得られた。
特に、試験開始初期には差はあまり見られなかったが、期間経過に伴って成長の差が徐々に大きくなっており、これは、植物の葉の成長に伴って根も太く長く成長して行き、根が培養土の影響を強く受けたからである。
植物の根からの養分吸収に水の存在は欠かせないが、根の周囲の通気性の影響が大きく、水があっても空気の流通がないと水や養分の吸収ができずに根腐れや根枯れを起こす。このため適度に通気性がないと植物は良好には育たない。
保水性を高めるためにCMCを使用するに当たって、もし粉状のものを使用すると、水で膜状に溶けて粒子間の保水性をより向上させたことで逆に通気性が減少してしまい、さらにその膜は植物の根を覆って呼吸を妨げるとで、成長に悪影響を及ぼし、その結果、上記比較試験の如く、植物の根の成長とともにその悪影響が大きくなるおそれがある。
これに対し、本発明の粒径2〜5mmの多孔質の粒子である無機質成分の粒状培養土に対して粒径0.2〜1.0mmのCMCの顆粒を0.8〜2.0g/Lの割合で混合した培養土を使用することで、そのCMCは顆粒内部に潅水された水を含むことで保水性を向上させると共に水に溶けた顆粒が膨潤して塊状となり、粒状培養土の粒子間の空隙を塞ぐことなく適度な通気性を保持するため、根の成長とともにその空隙に入り込んだ根が活発に呼吸しつつ水分と養分を吸収して植物の葉や花を成長させ、その結果、上記比較試験の如くペチュニアでは綺麗な花を多く咲かせ、小松菜では大きく厚い葉に成長させて大きな収量を得るという、大変良好な結果が得られたものである。
In the above comparative tests 1 and 2, better results were obtained when granular CMC was added than powder.
In particular, there was not much difference at the beginning of the test, but the difference in growth gradually increased with the passage of time. This is because the roots grow thicker and longer as the leaves of the plant grow. Because the roots were strongly influenced by the soil.
The presence of water is essential for the absorption of nutrients from the roots of plants, but the influence of air permeability around the roots is significant, and even if there is water, if there is no air circulation, roots rot without being able to absorb water and nutrients Cause root blight. For this reason, plants do not grow well without adequate air permeability.
When using CMC to increase the water retention, if a powdered material is used, the air permeability is reduced by dissolving the film in water and improving the water retention between the particles. Further, the membrane covers the plant roots and prevents respiration, thereby adversely affecting the growth. As a result, as shown in the comparative test, the adverse effects may increase as the plant root grows.
On the other hand, CMC granules having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm are added to 0.8 to 2.0 g / g with respect to the granular culture soil of an inorganic component which is a porous particle having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm of the present invention. By using the culture soil mixed at a ratio of L, the CMC contains water irrigated inside the granule to improve the water retention, and the granules dissolved in the water swell and become a lump, In order to maintain moderate air permeability without blocking the gaps between the particles, the roots that enter the gaps actively breathe with the growth of the roots and absorb moisture and nutrients to grow plant leaves and flowers. As a result, as shown in the above comparative test, a very good result was obtained in which a lot of beautiful flowers bloomed in petunia and a large thick leaf was grown in komatsuna to obtain a large yield.
上記の如く本発明が植物の成長により良い結果が得られた理由は次の如くに推察される。
粒径2〜5mmの多孔質の無機質成分の粒子である赤玉土、鹿沼土、パーライトはプランターに入れると、相互に粘着や付着などの結合することはなく、粒子内の形成された孔内に肥料を保持できるので保肥性に優れ、又、粒子表面から孔内に一定量の水を蓄える能力がある。
水遣りで多孔質の形成された孔に水が吸水され、粒子を一旦濡らしたらその他の水は粒子間をストレートに通過する。続けて水を多く撒いても一旦水を吸った粒子はそれ以上水を吸わないので余分な水は殆どそのまま流れ落ちてしまう。
その後放置すると通気性が良いので、粒子表面が通気路内に晒されて水が蒸発し乾燥が速やかに進んでプランター内の粒子は短時間で乾燥状態となる。
この無機質成分の粒状培養土にCMCを混ぜると、粉状及び顆粒状のCMCはいずれもプランターに入れる前の乾燥状態では単に培養土の粒子の中にCMCが混じり合っているに過ぎない。
As described above, the reason why the present invention has obtained a good result due to the growth of plants is presumed as follows.
When the red inorganic soil, Kanuma soil, and perlite, which are porous inorganic component particles having a particle diameter of 2 to 5 mm, are put in the planter, they are not bonded to each other and are not bonded to each other. Since it can hold fertilizers, it is excellent in fertilizer retention and has the ability to store a certain amount of water in the pores from the particle surface.
Water is absorbed into the porous holes formed by watering, and once the particles are wetted, the other water passes straight between the particles. Even if a large amount of water is sprinkled continuously, the particles that have once absorbed water do not absorb any more water, so excess water will almost flow away.
If left after that, the air permeability is good, so that the particle surface is exposed to the air passage, the water evaporates and the drying proceeds rapidly, and the particles in the planter become dry in a short time.
When CMC is mixed with the granular culture soil of this inorganic component, both the powdery and granular CMC are simply mixed with the CMC particles in the dry state before entering the planter.
そこで、CMCを混合した粒状培養土をプランターに入れて植物を植え付け、水遣りをすると、粉状のCMCは水に溶けると強い粘性のある糊液となり、図20に示すように、膜状のCMC5となって、赤玉土1、鹿沼土2、パーライト3に粒状培養土の表面に広がって、高い粘度で粒子同士を結合するように付着する。
そして、そのCMC5の膜は多孔質の無機質成分の粒子の孔を塞ぎ、粒子に吸水された水が孔内部に閉じ込められ、又粒子間に広がった膜が粒子の隙間に形成される通気路7を塞いでしまうため通気性が阻害され、その結果、保水性が高められるものと考えられる。
そして、粒状培養土の粒子間の通気路が閉鎖されると、粒子間に成長して伸びた植物の根の呼吸が妨げられ、粒状培養土の孔空間内に蓄えられた肥料中の栄養分が根から吸収されなくなって植物の成長が阻害されることとなる。
Therefore, when the plant is planted by putting the granular culture soil mixed with CMC into the planter and watering, the powdered CMC becomes a highly viscous paste when dissolved in water, and as shown in FIG. Then, it spreads on the surface of the granular cultured soil on the red jade soil 1, the Kanuma soil 2 and the pearlite 3 and adheres so as to bind the particles with high viscosity.
The membrane of the CMC 5 closes the pores of the porous inorganic component particles, the water absorbed by the particles is confined inside the pores, and a membrane extending between the particles is formed in the gaps between the particles. It is considered that the air permeability is hindered, and as a result, water retention is improved.
When the air passages between the particles of the granular culture soil are closed, the respiration of the roots of the plants grown and extended between the particles is hindered, and the nutrients in the fertilizer stored in the pore space of the granular culture soil are removed. It will not be absorbed from the roots and will inhibit plant growth.
これに対して、粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状のCMCを0.8〜2.0g/L混合した粒状培養土をプランターに入れて植物を植え付けた場合、図19に示すように、水遣りするとCMCの顆粒は、周囲が水6で糊状に溶けて膨潤し塊状のCMC4となって、赤玉土1、鹿沼土2、パーライト3の粒子の間に挟まってそれらの粒子の表面に付着するか又は粒子同士を繋げるように付着する。
そして、CMC4の塊の内部に水を含むことで保水性が適度に向上し、同時に、水を保持したCMC4は培養土の粒子表面に塊として付着するので通気路7を塞ぐことなく通気性は良好に保持されるものと考えられる。
この結果、粒子間に伸びた植物の根は活発に呼吸して肥料中の栄養分を有効に吸収し、大きく成長することとなる
On the other hand, when a plant is planted in a granular culture soil obtained by mixing 0.8 to 2.0 g / L of granular CMC having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, as shown in FIG. In addition, when watered, the CMC granules melted into a paste form with water 6 and swollen to form a massive CMC4, which was sandwiched between the particles of red crust 1, Kanuma soil 2, and pearlite 3 and the surface of those particles. It adheres so that particles may be connected to each other.
And water retention is moderately improved by containing water inside the lump of CMC4, and at the same time, CMC4 holding water adheres as a lump to the particle surface of the culture soil, so that air permeability can be maintained without blocking the aeration path 7. It is thought that it is held well.
As a result, plant roots that grow between the particles actively breathe, effectively absorb nutrients in the fertilizer, and grow large.
このような粒子間の通気性に関し、顆粒状CMCは、粒径0.2未満であると、水で膨潤してCMCの塊が崩れ、上記粉体のCMCに近くなって膜状になってしまい通気性が損なわれるので好ましくなく、又1.0mmを超えると粒径2〜5mmの粒状培養土の粒子間の空隙に挟まったCMCがその空隙内に大きく膨潤して空隙を埋めてしまうため通気性が損なわれるので好ましくない。
又、CMCの混合量は0.8/L未満であると適度な保水性の向上が得られず、又2.0g/Lを超える量であると粒子間の空隙に多量のCMCが入って、水で膨潤した多量のCMCで空隙が埋められて通気性が損なわれてしまうため好ましくない。
Regarding the air permeability between such particles, if the granular CMC has a particle size of less than 0.2, it swells with water and the CMC lump breaks down, becoming close to the CMC of the powder and becoming a film. This is not preferable because the air permeability is impaired, and if it exceeds 1.0 mm, CMC sandwiched in the space between the particles of the granular culture soil having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm swells greatly in the space and fills the space. Since air permeability is impaired, it is not preferable.
Further, if the mixing amount of CMC is less than 0.8 / L, a moderate improvement in water retention cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 2.0 g / L, a large amount of CMC enters the voids between the particles. This is not preferable because a large amount of CMC swollen with water fills voids and impairs air permeability.
そして、前記粒状培養土は、その粒径が2mm未満であると、粒子間の空隙が小さく成り、その空隙間で粒径0.2〜1.0mmの顆粒状CMCの粒子が水を吸って糊状に膨潤したとき小さい空隙が膨潤した塊で埋られてしまい通気性が大幅に低下してしまうので好ましくない。
又、前記粒状培養土の粒径が5mmを越える径であると粒子間に形成される空隙が大きくなってその中を水が留まることなくプランター内の上層部では水が顆粒状CMCに供給されないうちに落下してしまい適度な保水性が得られず、プランター内の低層部ではプランターの受け皿に水溜が発生して過度の水が保存されるためプランターの底側からの通気性が損なわれてしまうので好ましくない。
When the particle size of the granular culture soil is less than 2 mm, the gap between the particles becomes small, and the granular CMC particles having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm absorb water in the gaps. When swollen in paste form, the small voids are filled with the swollen mass and the air permeability is greatly reduced, which is not preferable.
In addition, when the particle size of the granular culture soil exceeds 5 mm, voids formed between the particles become large, and water does not remain in the particles, and water is not supplied to the granular CMC in the upper layer portion in the planter. It will fall and it will not be able to obtain adequate water retention, and in the lower part of the planter, water will be generated in the planter tray and excessive water will be stored, impairing air permeability from the bottom of the planter. This is not preferable.
従って本発明は、CMCの顆粒の径、粒状培養土の粒径及び粒状培養土に対するCMCの配合量を上記の如き好ましくない範囲にあるものを除き、それらをCMCの顆粒の径を0.2〜1.0mmとし、粒状培養土の粒径を2〜5mmとし、且つ粒状培養土に対するCMCの配合量を0.8〜2.0g/Lとする好ましい範囲において使用することで、該粒状培養土をプランターに入れて植物を植え付けた場合、潅水によりCMCの顆粒は膨潤して塊状となってその塊内部に水を含むことで粒状培養土特有の乾燥が速過ぎるという欠点を改善して保水性を向上させ、同時に、水を保持したCMCは培養土の粒子表面に塊として付着するので粒状培養土の粒子間に形成される通気路を塞ぐことなく適度な通気性を保持させる。
そしてその結果、粒状培養土の粒子間の通気路に植物の根は活発に呼吸し長く成長し、粒状培養土とCMC内に蓄えられた水分と肥料中の栄養分を有効に吸収して茎や葉や花を大きく多数成長させることとなる。
Therefore, the present invention excludes those in which the CMC granule diameter, the particle size of the granular culture soil, and the blending amount of the CMC with respect to the granular culture soil are in the unfavorable ranges as described above, and the diameter of the CMC granules is 0.2. -1.0 mm, the particle size of the granular culture soil is 2-5 mm, and the amount of CMC added to the granular culture soil is 0.8 to 2.0 g / L. When planting a plant with soil in the planter, CMC granules swelled by irrigation and become agglomerated, which contains water inside the agglomerate, thereby improving the disadvantage of drying too quickly due to the granular culture soil. At the same time, CMC that retains water adheres as a lump to the surface of the particles of the cultured soil, so that an appropriate air permeability is maintained without blocking the air passage formed between the particles of the granular cultured soil.
As a result, the roots of the plant actively breathe and grow long in the air passages between the particles of the granular culture soil, effectively absorb the moisture stored in the granular culture soil and the CMC and nutrients in the fertilizer, A large number of leaves and flowers will grow.
本発明は、無機成分を主とした肥料分を含まない粒状培養土であるが、栽培する植物の種類に応じて最適な調合の粒子状の栄養素を混合した粒状培養土に対しても利用することが可能である。 The present invention is a granular culture soil that does not contain a fertilizer component mainly composed of inorganic components, but is also used for a granular culture soil that is mixed with particulate nutrients that are optimally prepared according to the type of plant to be cultivated. It is possible.
1 赤玉土、
2 鹿沼土
3 パーライト
4 塊状のCMC
5 膜状のCMC
6 水
7 通気路
1 Akadama soil,
2 Kanuma soil 3 Perlite 4 Bulk CMC
5 Film-like CMC
6 Water 7 Airway
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JP2007222111A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-06 | Yanmar Co Ltd | Cultivation soil for cell-formed seedling, and method for producing cell-formed seedling |
JP2012080785A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Iej:Kk | Water swelling pellet-like plant growing medium, and method for producing the same |
JP2012080788A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Iej:Kk | Water swelling pellet-like plant growing medium, and method for producing the same |
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JP2007222111A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-06 | Yanmar Co Ltd | Cultivation soil for cell-formed seedling, and method for producing cell-formed seedling |
JP2012080785A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Iej:Kk | Water swelling pellet-like plant growing medium, and method for producing the same |
JP2012080788A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Iej:Kk | Water swelling pellet-like plant growing medium, and method for producing the same |
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CN114747468A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-15 | 傅雨露 | Plasticized soilless substrate potted flower |
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