JPH0235022A - Mixed compost for raising seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject mixed compost capable of readily realizing suitable nursing conditions by containing rock wool granular fiber in a substrate consisting essentially of clay or a material having physical characteristics comparable to those of the clay. CONSTITUTION:The objective mixed compost obtained by changing the composition ratio according to the species of raised seedlings and adding <50vol.% granular rock to >=50vol% substrate consisting of clay or a material (e.g., containing an additive, such as peat moss or vermiculite in 50vol.% clay) having characteristics comparable to those of the clay.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Technical Field) The present invention mainly relates to a mixed soil used for raising seedlings of various vegetables such as lettuce, Chinese cabbage, and cabbage, and other plants.

(Prior Art) Various types of culture soil for raising seedlings have been known. Known cultivation soils, including commercially available ones, contain a wide variety of nutrients, and when adding the required amount of fertilizer, careful attention is required, such as conducting a soil analysis. The following problems have also been pointed out.

First of all, when field soil is used as a substrate for cultivation soil, fumigation treatment is generally required to avoid contamination by soil pests and disease, and due to uneven soil texture and nutrients, it is difficult to use homogeneous cultivation soil. Difficult to create. Next, potting soil mixed with a predetermined amount of fertilizer depending on the expected number of days required for raising seedlings may be used, but in such cases, it is common practice to control the raising of seedlings by adjusting the amount of watering, so the growth can be controlled. It is relatively difficult to do so, and in particular, if the planting date is delayed for various reasons, many problems in cultivation are likely to occur, such as aging seedlings.

On the other hand, in the nutrient solution seedling raising method, rock wool is mainly used as a medium, but rock wool itself has a lower water retention capacity than soil, and the seedlings obtained by this method have very few root hairs. As a result, excessive stress tends to occur on seedlings when planted in regular soil, making it difficult to use in open field cultivation where intensive management is not possible.

(Disclosure of the Invention) The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a new mixed soil for seedling raising that has the characteristics of easily and simply realizing suitable seedling growing conditions for various plants, and to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. The goal is to accurately resolve problems.

In order to achieve the above object, the mixed soil for raising seedlings according to the present invention contains 50% by volume or more of a base material mainly composed of clay or a material having similar physical properties, and 50% by volume of rock wool granular cotton. It is characterized by containing less than %.

The component composition of the mixed soil for raising seedlings according to the present invention was determined based on the following empirical study.

First, the content of the base material whose main component is clay or a material with similar physical properties is set to 50% by volume or more because the underground part of the seedlings is in a good state of rooting when the seedlings are raised. Therefore, it is necessary for the soil to have a hardness that will not cause the roots to sag when the seedlings are taken out of the seedling tray. This is because it has been confirmed that if the hardness of the soil is less than that, the hardness of the soil will be insufficient.

Next, the reason why the content of rock wool granular cotton is less than 50% by volume is as follows.

As mentioned above, the nutrient solution seedling raising method using 100% rock wool granular cotton as a medium has been known for some time, but in this case, the nutrient solution supplied to the seedling growing medium is solely due to the capillary force of the rock wool. Depending on
When a drought occurs after planting in a field, the capillary force of the soil causes moisture to move from the Rockwool medium into the soil, causing a lack of moisture in the roots of the seedlings, which reduces the survival of the seedlings.

On the other hand, when the culture soil does not contain any rock wool granular cotton, when controlling the humidity of the culture soil for raising seedlings, it is necessary to control the humidity of the soil for raising seedlings by controlling evapotranspiration from the leaves and bed surface of the raised seedlings and absorption from the roots of the raised seedlings based on the environment. Due to this, the moisture content of the soil decreases, and the supply of moisture and nutrients from outside is performed intermittently, which increases the deviation of the humidity of the soil under the seedlings from the optimum humidity, which in turn increases the humidity of the soil under the seedlings. This makes it difficult to realize seedling management.

In view of this current situation, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies and found that 50% of the base material containing clay or a material with similar physical properties is 50% or more by volume.
When a suitable amount of rock wool granular cotton is evenly included in the granular cotton, the moisture absorption and dehumidification effects of the granular cotton will reduce the deviation of the soil humidity under the seedlings from the optimum humidity, and also reduce the negative effects of drought after planting. It turned out that it was difficult to accept.

That is, according to the present invention, the rock wool granular cotton contained in an appropriate amount in the soil exerts a buffering function on the humidity of the soil, thereby preventing extremely high humidity of the soil under intermittent nutrient supply and under conditions of insufficient nutrient supply. This makes it possible to appropriately prevent the humidity of the soil from becoming extremely low, and to maintain the appropriate humidity in accordance with the planned seedling-raising schedule with high precision.

In addition, the mixed soil of the present invention, which is a combination of a base material mainly composed of clay or a material with similar physical properties and rock wool granular cotton, has excellent solid phase and liquid phase functions that are favorable for raising seedlings. However, in order to complement the gas phase function and achieve an appropriate three-phase distribution, it is desirable to mix in a small amount of peat moss or perk.

(BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION) The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments of the -layer. Table 1 shows the component composition of a preferred example of the mixed soil according to the present invention, expressed as a volume ratio.

"Mimaki gardening soil" in Table 1 is the brand name of commercially available soil, and its composition is converted to volume ratio: 50% clay,
20% peat moss, 10% vermiculite, 1 charcoal
0% pumice, 5% pumice, and 5% reconstituted powder, and is equivalent in physical properties to regular clay without any additives.

Therefore, for example, when the composition ratio of the mixed soil in Table 1 and Example 1 is expressed by volume ratio, it is as shown in Table 2.

It goes without saying that the soils of Examples 2 and 3 shown in Table 2 and Table 1 can also be converted into scales in the same manner. The soil on each side is Example 1
The ones in Examples 2 and 3 are mainly suitable for growing lettuce seedlings, and the ones in Examples 2 and 3 are mainly suitable for growing Chinese cabbage and cabbage seedlings, respectively.

Next, the results of a lettuce seedling growing test conducted using the soil according to Example 1 in Table 1 will be explained. In the seedling-raising test, a newly developed seedling-raising tray for lettuce was used. This tray has a total of 253 cells arranged in a grid on a plastic substrate measuring approximately 600 x 300 mm.

Needless to say, seeds are sown in a state where each cell of the tray is filled with soil. The total amount of soil to be filled is approximately 15
Approximately 0.00g is suitable, and the reason for this is that the amount of soil is, for example, 1.
This is because it has been found that if the block weighs less than 250 g, the block is likely to break when pulling out the seedlings, while if it exceeds 1,750 g, the compaction of the soil tends to be too high, making it difficult to pull out the seedlings.

A method was adopted in which the nutrients needed only for the initial growth of the seedlings were retained in the soil in advance, and the shortage was replenished by spraying a nutrient solution during the middle stage of growth, that is, approximately 10 days after sowing. . The reason why we decided to start the nutrient solution application in the middle of the growth period is because when the nutrient solution was applied immediately after sowing or from the 5th day onward, growth was vigorous and there was a clear tendency for excessive growth. This is because it was confirmed that when the nutrient solution was applied from the 15th day onwards, growth was suppressed and symptoms of seedling formation were exhibited. The composition of the nutrient solution used for spraying is as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 As a nutrient solution with the composition listed in Table 3, a standard stock solution (concentration 3
A diluted solution of about 1/3 times (000 times) was applied on the cloth several times a day, about three times a day. At 3 times the concentration of the standard solution, the concentration is too high, growth is slightly suppressed, and the leaf color becomes dark green, clearly indicating excessive application.Up to 2 times the amount of the standard solution, high concentrations lead to vigorous growth and slightly excessive growth. A trend was observed. As a result, it was determined that a diluted solution with a concentration of about 1/3 of the standard solution is suitable for controlling the growth of seedlings before planting and facilitating acclimatization of the seedlings.

When seedlings were raised under the above conditions, it was found that the suitable number of days for seedlings to be planted is around 20 days after sowing, since the underground weight ratio is the highest and it is easy to remove the seedlings from the tray. There was found. After 20 days after sowing, the underground weight ratio decreases, but the underground weight increases, so
It is thought that the seedling quality is maintained in the tray until about 30 days after sowing.

In comparing seedling raising using the mixed soil of the present invention and the conventional method of raising seedlings with fill block, it was found that in the present invention, the growth ratio in the underground part of the mixed soil was clearly large, and seedlings with hard leaf quality were obtained. . Both growth and yield during the harvest period tended to be slightly higher in the lettuce mixed soil prepared in Example 1 above. In terms of quality, the percentage of deformed bulbs is 7% with the mixed soil of the present invention.
In the case of fill block, it was 14%. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the seedlings grown using the mixed soil of the present invention have yields and quality that are equal to or higher than those produced by conventionally known seedling raising methods.

As is clear from the detailed description above, according to the present invention,
A new mixed soil for growing seedlings that can easily and simply achieve conditions for growing seedlings that are suitable for various vegetables such as lettuce, Chinese cabbage, and cabbage, as well as other plants, has been obtained, and the above-mentioned problems in the conventional technology have been accurately solved. It becomes possible to resolve the problem.

In other words, the Rockwool granular cotton contained in an appropriate amount in the mixed soil exerts a buffering function on the humidity of the soil. This makes it possible to appropriately prevent low humidity levels and maintain the appropriate humidity level according to the planned seedling-raising schedule with high precision.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mixture for raising seedlings, characterized by containing 50% by volume or more of a base material mainly composed of clay or a material with physical properties equivalent to clay, and less than 50% by volume of rock wool granular cotton. Cultivating soil.