JP4644284B2 - 付着性を低減した環境に優しいチューインガム - Google Patents
付着性を低減した環境に優しいチューインガム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4644284B2 JP4644284B2 JP2008528087A JP2008528087A JP4644284B2 JP 4644284 B2 JP4644284 B2 JP 4644284B2 JP 2008528087 A JP2008528087 A JP 2008528087A JP 2008528087 A JP2008528087 A JP 2008528087A JP 4644284 B2 JP4644284 B2 JP 4644284B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chewing gum
- elastomer
- gum base
- composition
- crystalline
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/08—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds of the chewing gum base
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/066—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fat used
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Description
次いで、マスターバッチからガムベースを調製した。ポリ酢酸ビニル(1200グラム)を128℃に加熱した3000mLのケットルに添加し、15分間混合した。上記のようにして調製したマスターバッチ(720グラム)を添加し、10分間混合した。約40℃の融点を有する水素化綿実油(283グラム)を添加し、10分間混合した。トリアセチン(197グラム)を添加し、10分間混合した。タルク(600グラム)を添加し、20分間混合し、均質な混合物を得た。
本発明のガムベース組成物A〜Iを用いた本発明のチューインガム組成物を30分間にわたって噛み、その噛んだものを、直径1.25cmのPVCパイプからなるサンプルホルダーの内側のコンクリートレンガの上に置いた。図1Aと1Bは、どのようにしてガムのサンプルをレンガに適用して、本願に記載のような接着テストに供したかを例示する写真である。噛んだものを圧縮してコンクリートに押し付けた。その押し付けた噛んだものを付けたレンガを、室温で72時間状態を整えた。インストロン・コーポレーション(ノートウッド、MA)の万能材料試験機を用い、コンクリート表面から噛んだものを取り除くのに必要な力を測定した。サンプルが、コンクリート表面から完全に取り除かれたときの読み取り値を接着の実測定値とした。テストした市販のサンプルについては、テストの間にそれらが分断したため(凝集破壊)、信頼性のある接着の読み取り値を得ることができなかった。それらのサンプルの接着読み取り値は、凝集破壊について得られた読み取り値よりも高いものと推定された。室温でのより高い接着読み取り値は、ガムのより大きな接着性を示す。
表4:本発明のガムベース組成物M〜S
2Wacker Specialtiesから入手可能
3モノステアリン酸グリセロールの略語
4BASF Corp.から入手可能
表5:本発明のガムベース組成物T
下記の表6は、本発明のガムベース組成物のいずれにも有用な、砂糖入りチューインガム組成物の例を提供する。
表7は、本発明のガムベース組成物のいずれにも有用な、無糖チューインガム組成物の例を提供する。
ブチルゴム(BR)及びスチレンゴム(SBR)のガムベースサンプルのガラス転移を、変調示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を用いて測定した。さらに、下記の表8に示す成分を有するガムベースサンプルAA〜DDのガラス転移(Tg)を、DSCを用いて測定した。具体的には、サンプルはいずれも、窒素パージをしながら、3℃/分間で−100℃から200℃まで加熱した。ガラス転移を測定するために使用した機器はTA Instrument 2920 MDSCである。さらに、各サンプルについての融解吸熱を、変調示差熱量測定を用いて測定した。
上記の組成物を用いてガムベースを調製し、表7のチューインガム組成物に混和し、チューインガム製品を製造した。得られたチューインガムを30分間にわたって噛み、その噛んだものをアスファルトの駐車場の上に置いた。その噛んだものを、約10秒間にわたって質量物によりアスファルトにさらに押し付けた。同時に、市販のガム(Wrigley’sからのFreedentとOrbit、及びCadbury AdamsからのMintaburst)を、本発明の処方の隣に同じ方法でアスファルトの上に置き、押し付けた。24時間の後、本発明の噛んだものの50%以上が、歩行者と自動車の往来によって取り除かれた。残存する本発明の噛んだものは、スパチュラでそれらをこすることにより、残留物なしに容易に完全に取り除くことができた。市販のガムを噛んだものを取り除く試みは、実質的により多くの努力を必要とし、噛んだものの部分的な除去のみに帰結し、即ち、残留物が、ガム製品の原質量の約10〜30%を構成し、噛んだものの最初の面積を被覆していた。
この実施例は、明確なドメインを含む本発明の実施態様を例証する。下記の表12に示す処方を有するマスターバッチガムベース(即ち、咀嚼されたエラストマー)のサンプルEE〜KKを、本願に記載の方法にしたがって調製した。ガムベースマスターバッチガムのサンプルGG〜KKは、12以上の炭素原子数を有する油脂又はオイルである少なくとも1つの非付着誘引成分を含む実施態様の例である。サンプルはいずれも、偏光を用いて顕微鏡撮影に供し、結晶又はドメインの形成は明確に存在した。各サンプルEE〜KKの顕微鏡撮影を、図14〜20に示す。
少量の従来のエラストマー溶媒を混和する本発明のガムベース組成物下記の本発明のガムベース組成物を調製した。これらの組成物は、非付着誘引成分と従来のエラストマー溶媒(5%)の組み合わせを含む。これらのガムベース組成物を、表7のチューインガム組成物に混和した。それらから得られたチューインガムは、少量のエラストマー溶媒が存在しても、低付着性と非付着性とを維持した。
光増感剤が存在する又はしない中で太陽光に曝した場合にチューインガムに生じる分子的変化を測定するため、検討を行った。ポリマー(エラストマー)の分子構造は、それらの物理的特性に関係する。接着は、ポリマーの分子量に強く影響を受ける。例えば、チューインガム組成物は、ポリイソブチレン(PIB)を使用することが多い。全ての他の条件が同じ場合、ポリマーの分子量が、ポリマーの接着力を広範囲にわたって決定する。低分子量のPIBは、その付着性のため、殆どの表面に接着し、材料のハンドリングの問題を引き起こす。他方で、高分子量のPIBは、接着性ではないことが見出されており、非常に弱い低温フローの傾向を示す。ポリマーの接着性を、隣接表面と弱い結合を形成する能力によって規定してもよい。これらの弱い結合を形成するため、ポリマーは、隣接表面と密接に接近する。このことは、大きい分子よりも小さい分子によってより迅速に、且つより容易に達成することができる。同じ化学組成のポリマーは、一般に、比較的小さい分子量を有する場合に、より接着し得ることが見出されている。
クロロフィルを含まないBRとPIBのサンプルは、クロロフィルを含まないSBRのサンプルよりも容易に取り除かれ、残留物が少なかった。クロロフィルの添加は、PDB含有サンプルの除去を妨げたが、BRとSBRのサンプルの除去を改善した。
Claims (25)
- (a)全チューインガムベースの1質量%〜30質量%の、少なくとも200000の平均分子量及びTgを有し、ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(b)全チューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%の、前記少なくとも1つのエラストマーのTgを±3℃以下変化させる少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガムベース組成物。
- (a)全チューインガムベースの1質量%〜30質量%の、少なくとも200000の平均分子量を有し、ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(b)全チューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%の少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、(c)全チューインガムベースの5質量%以下の少なくとも1つのエラストマー溶媒と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガムベース組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、脂肪酸、脂肪酸であるモノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、及びトリグリセリド、天然油脂、モノグリセリド及びジグリセリドのエステル、脂肪酸のグリセロールエステル、動物性油脂、糖類の脂肪酸エステル、アルコールのエステル、リン脂質、並びにこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項1又は2記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、疎水性部分と親水性部分とを有する請求項1から3いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、3.5〜13のHLB範囲を有する請求項1から4いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、10℃〜75℃の融点を有する請求項1から5いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、60℃〜70℃の融点を有する第1の少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、20℃〜40℃の融点を有する第2の少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、を含む請求項1から6いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- ワックス、樹脂、エラストマー溶媒、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を最大5%含む請求項1から7いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 樹脂の含有量は、1質量%〜5質量%である請求項1から8いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- さらにビニルポリマーを含む請求項1から9いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- 1つ以上の知覚成分をさらに含む請求項1から10いずれか記載のチューインガムベース組成物。
- (1)均質な塊に加工する前に、ガラス転移温度を有し、ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(2)少なくとも1つのエラストマーを均質な塊にまで加工できる少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、(3)少なくとも1つの香味料及び甘味料と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質の含有量がチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガム組成物であって、前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質の存在は、エラストマーのガラス転移温度において±3℃以下の最大変化を与えるチューインガム組成物。
- 1つ以上の知覚成分をさらに含む請求項12記載のチューインガム組成物。
- (a)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(b)香味料、甘味料、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの材料と、(c)少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質の含有量がチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガム組成物。
- (a)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(b)香味料、甘味料、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分と、(c)少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質の含有量がチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガム組成物であって、前記チューインガム組成物は、エラストマー溶媒を含まず、エラストマー溶媒を含むチューインガム組成物と比較して、低付着性であるチューインガム組成物。
- エラストマーマトリックスを含むチューインガム組成物であって、前記エラストマーマトリックスは、少なくとも1つの不連続相を含み、それにより、前記不連続相が存在しない場合よりも前記不連続相が存在する場合に、より低粘着性の、少なくとも1つの表面を有する請求項12から15いずれか記載のチューインガム組成物。
- 前記結晶性脂質は、12以上の炭素原子を含む請求項12から16いずれか記載のチューインガム組成物。
- (1)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマーと、(2)少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質と、(3)樹脂と、を含み、前記結晶性脂質の含有量がチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)が4:1〜8:1であるチューインガム組成物。
- 前記樹脂は、低付着性に大きな影響を与えることなくチューインガム組成物を軟化する請求項18記載のチューインガム組成物。
- (a)(1)ガラス転移温度を有し、ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマー、及び(2)前記少なくとも1つのエラストマーを均質な塊にまで加工できる少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質を4:1〜8:1の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)で含むエラストマー組成物を準備する工程であって、前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質の存在は、少なくとも1つのエラストマーのガラス転移温度において±3℃以下の最大変化を与えるエラストマー組成物を準備する工程と、(b)前記エラストマー組成物に、甘味料、香味料、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分を混合する工程と、を含む低付着性のチューインガム組成物の製造方法。
- (a)(1)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン−スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される材料を主に含み、少なくとも200000の平均分子量を有するエラストマーを含むチューインガムベース、及び(2)少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質をチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、4:1〜8:1の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)で含むチューインガムベースを準備する工程であって、前記エラストマー組成物と混合したときに、前記エラストマーのガラス転移温度を±3℃の範囲内に維持するチューインガムベースを準備する工程と、(b)前記チューインガムベースに少なくとも1つの甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香味料を混合する工程と、を含む低付着性のチューインガム組成物の製造方法。
- (a)(1)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマー、及び(2)3.5〜13のHLB範囲を有する少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質をチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、4:1〜8:1の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)で含むチューインガムベースを準備する工程と、(b)前記チューインガムベースに少なくとも1つの甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香味料を混合する工程と、を含むチューインガム組成物の製造方法。
- (a)ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、ブタジエン‐スチレンゴム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのエラストマー及び少なくとも1つのエラストマー溶媒を含む成分を含有するチューインガム組成物を準備する工程と、前記成分の混合の前に、前記チューインガム組成物中の少なくとも1つのエラストマー溶媒の少なくとも一部を、少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質で置き換え、前記結晶性脂質の含有量がチューインガムベースの20質量%〜50質量%であり、前記結晶性脂質と前記エラストマーとの含有量の質量比(結晶性脂質:エラストマー)を4:1〜8:1にする工程と、(b)前記成分を混合し、低付着性のチューインガム組成物を形成する工程と、を含むチューインガム組成物の付着性を低減する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、3.5〜13のHLB範囲を有する請求項23記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結晶性脂質は、疎水性部分と親水性部分とを有する請求項23又は24記載の方法。
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2005
- 2005-11-18 US US11/283,331 patent/US20070042079A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-08-22 MX MX2008002529A patent/MX2008002529A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-08-22 EP EP06802128.6A patent/EP1916906B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-22 CN CN2006800306241A patent/CN101247730B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-22 JP JP2008528087A patent/JP4644284B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-22 PL PL06802128T patent/PL1916906T3/pl unknown
- 2006-08-22 AR ARP060103633A patent/AR054936A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-08-22 WO PCT/US2006/032849 patent/WO2007024903A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-22 ES ES06802128.6T patent/ES2612860T3/es active Active
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JPH07506962A (ja) * | 1992-03-03 | 1995-08-03 | ダブリューエム リグリー ジュニア カンパニー | ワックスを含まない改良されたチューインガムベース |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101247730A (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
US20070042079A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
AR054936A1 (es) | 2007-07-25 |
EP1916906B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
ES2612860T3 (es) | 2017-05-19 |
EP1916906A1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
PL1916906T3 (pl) | 2017-06-30 |
WO2007024903A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
MX2008002529A (es) | 2008-03-14 |
CN101247730B (zh) | 2012-06-20 |
JP2009504194A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
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