JP4619097B2 - 可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器 - Google Patents
可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4619097B2 JP4619097B2 JP2004332546A JP2004332546A JP4619097B2 JP 4619097 B2 JP4619097 B2 JP 4619097B2 JP 2004332546 A JP2004332546 A JP 2004332546A JP 2004332546 A JP2004332546 A JP 2004332546A JP 4619097 B2 JP4619097 B2 JP 4619097B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- vane
- phaser
- oil pressure
- retard
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/022—Chain drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/34409—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear by torque-responsive means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/024—Belt drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/026—Gear drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
- F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
- F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
- F01L2001/3443—Solenoid driven oil control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
- F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
- F01L2001/34433—Location oil control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/3445—Details relating to the hydraulic means for changing the angular relationship
- F01L2001/34453—Locking means between driving and driven members
- F01L2001/34469—Lock movement parallel to camshaft axis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/21—Elements
- Y10T74/2101—Cams
- Y10T74/2102—Adjustable
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Description
a)可変カムタイミング位相器を提供する工程。
b)位相器が主にカムトルク駆動されるとともに、エンジン回転数が低いときに、流体が、CTA(カムトルク駆動型)ベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバから、CTAベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバに送出されるように、位相器のスプールバルブをアドバンス位置に移動する工程。
c)流体が、CTAベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバから、CTAベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバに送出されるとともに、エンジン回転数が高いときに、オイル圧による駆動が位相器の駆動を補助するように、加圧オイル供給源からOPA(オイル圧駆動型)ベーンのリタードチャンバに流体が送出されるように、位相器のスプールバルブをリタード位置に移動する工程。
可変カムタイミング(VCT:variable cam timing)システムにおいては、カムシャフト上のタイミングギヤは、「位相器」として知られる可変角カップリングによって置き換えられている。
17a: アドバンスチャンバ
17b: リタードチャンバ
22: ベーン
24: ハウジング
26: カムシャフト
104: スプール
109: スプールバルブ
Claims (5)
- 少なくとも一つのカムシャフトを有する内燃機関のための可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器であって、
駆動力を受け入れるための外周部を有するハウジングと、
ハウジング内に同軸に配置されたカムシャフトに連結されるとともに、ハウジング内のチャンバをアドバンスチャンバおよびリタードチャンバに区画する少なくとも一つのベーンを限定するロータと、
ハウジングによって限定されたチャンバ内に配置されるとともに、少なくとも一つのカムトルク駆動型ベーンがカムトルク駆動されかつ少なくとも一つの他のオイル圧駆動型ベーンがオイル圧駆動されている複数のベーンと、
位相器の回転軸に沿って配置されかつオイル圧源に連結されたスプールバルブと備え、
アドバンスチャンバおよびリタードチャンバがカムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されており、少なくともリタードチャンバがオイル圧駆動型ベーンによって限定されており、
スプールバルブは、
流体が、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバから、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバまで送出されているアドバンス位置と、
流体が、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバから、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバまで送出されるとともに、オイル供給源からオイル圧駆動型ベーンのリタードチャンバまで送出されているリタード位置と、
を有している、
ことを特徴とする可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器。 - 請求項1において、
少なくとも一つのベーンに配置されるとともに、オイル圧によって駆動されかつ半径方向孔にスライド可能に設けられたロックピンをさらに備えており、
ロックピンは、半径方向孔に密に係合するように設けられたボディと、ハウジングに限定された受入れ孔に係合するように設けられた内側端部とを有しており、
ロックピンは、内側端部が受入れ孔に係合するロック位置と、内側端部が受入れ孔に係合していないロック解除位置との間を孔内で半径方向に移動可能になっている、
ことを特徴とする可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器。 - 請求項2において、
ハウジングに配置された受入れ孔が、完全リタード停止端または完全アドバンス停止端に配置されている、
ことを特徴とする可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器。 - 請求項1において、
加圧オイル源にさらにチェックバルブを備えている、
ことを特徴とする可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器。 - カム捩りエネルギが低い期間において位相器を駆動するための方法であって、
a)可変カムタイミング位相器を提供する工程を備え、
可変カムタイミング位相器が、
駆動力を受け入れるための外周部を有するハウジングと、
ハウジング内に同軸に配置されたカムシャフトに連結されるとともに、ハウジング内のチャンバをアドバンスチャンバおよびリタードチャンバに区画する少なくとも一つのベーンを限定するロータと、
ハウジングによって限定されたチャンバ内に配置され、少なくとも一つのカムトルク駆動型ベーンがカムトルク駆動されかつ少なくとも一つの他のオイル圧駆動型ベーンがオイル圧駆動されており、カムトルク駆動型ベーンがアドバンスチャンバおよびリタードチャンバを限定しかつオイル圧駆動型ベーンが少なくともアドバンスチャンバを限定している複数のベーンと、
位相器の回転軸に沿って配置されかつオイル圧源に連結されたスプールバルブとから構成されており、
b)位相器のスプールバルブをアドバンス位置に移動する工程を備え、
このとき、位相器が主にカムトルク駆動されるように、エンジン回転数が低いときに、流体が、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバから、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバに送出されており、
c)位相器のスプールバルブをリタード位置に移動する工程を備え、
このとき、流体が、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたアドバンスチャンバから、カムトルク駆動型ベーンによって限定されたリタードチャンバに送出されるとともに、エンジン回転数が高いときに、オイル圧による駆動が位相器の駆動を補助するように、加圧オイル供給源からオイル圧駆動型ベーンのリタードチャンバに流体が送出されている、
ことを特徴とする位相器の駆動方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52059403P | 2003-11-17 | 2003-11-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005147153A JP2005147153A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
JP4619097B2 true JP4619097B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
Family
ID=34435210
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004332546A Expired - Fee Related JP4619097B2 (ja) | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | 可変カムシャフトタイミング位相器 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6997150B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1533484B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4619097B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101084960B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100497891C (ja) |
Families Citing this family (42)
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US7255077B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2007-08-14 | Borgwarner Inc. | CTA phaser with proportional oil pressure for actuation at engine condition with low cam torsionals |
JP4525517B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-08 | 2010-08-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関 |
JP4358180B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置 |
US20060096562A1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2006-05-11 | Borgwarner Inc. | Reed valve with multiple ports |
US7318401B2 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2008-01-15 | Borgwarner Inc. | Variable chamber volume phaser |
JP4484843B2 (ja) | 2006-04-28 | 2010-06-16 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置 |
JP4640616B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-23 | 2011-03-02 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 弁開閉時期制御装置 |
JP4657238B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-03 | 2011-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
DE102007038078A1 (de) * | 2007-08-11 | 2009-02-12 | Daimler Ag | Gaswechselventilbetätigungsvorrichtung |
JP4492684B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社デンソー | バルブタイミング調整装置 |
JP4932761B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-05-16 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置 |
DE102008001802A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verändern der Drehwinkellage einer Nockenwelle |
DE102008002316A1 (de) | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verändern der Drehwinkellage einer Nockenwelle |
DE102008036876A1 (de) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-04-15 | Schaeffler Kg | Nockenwellenverstellvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
WO2010033417A2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Borgwarner Inc. | Cam torque actuated phaser using band check valves built into a camshaft or concentric camshafts |
JP5375305B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-23 | 2013-12-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | バルブタイミング変更装置 |
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JP5574189B2 (ja) | 2011-11-29 | 2014-08-20 | 株式会社デンソー | バルブタイミング調整装置 |
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US8800515B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-08-12 | Borgwarner Inc. | Cam torque actuated variable camshaft timing device with a bi-directional oil pressure bias circuit |
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WO2015179112A1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-26 | Borgwarner Inc. | Variable compression ratio connecting rod system with rotary actuator |
WO2017088859A1 (de) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Nockenwellenversteller |
US10174648B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2019-01-08 | Husco Automotive Holdings Llc | Systems and methods for Cam phasing control |
DE102017101243A1 (de) | 2017-01-24 | 2018-07-26 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Hydraulischer Nockenwellenversteller mit Druckausgleichsmechanismus |
DE102017112471B3 (de) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-09-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Nockenwellenversteller |
CN109209548B (zh) | 2017-06-30 | 2022-01-25 | 博格华纳公司 | 具有两个锁定位置的可变凸轮轴正时装置 |
CN111033002B (zh) * | 2017-08-07 | 2022-08-23 | 黑拉有限责任两合公司 | 用于控制凸轮轴正时设备的阀组件 |
DE102017011004A1 (de) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Nockenwellenphasensteller mit ringartigem Rückschlagventil |
WO2019113826A1 (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-20 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 凸轮轴相位器 |
DE112019003926T5 (de) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-05-20 | Borgwarner Inc. | Hybrid-phasenversteller mit hydraulischer verriegelung in einer zwischenposition |
DE112019004730B4 (de) * | 2018-09-20 | 2024-09-26 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Nockenwellenversteller |
WO2021081749A1 (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-06 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 凸轮轴相位器及其工作方法 |
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2004
- 2004-11-09 US US10/984,592 patent/US6997150B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-16 EP EP04027150.4A patent/EP1533484B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-16 CN CNB2004101023952A patent/CN100497891C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-17 JP JP2004332546A patent/JP4619097B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-17 KR KR1020040093989A patent/KR101084960B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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JP2001214718A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-08-10 | Borgwarner Inc | 可変カムシャフトタイミングシステム |
JP2002235513A (ja) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-08-23 | Borgwarner Inc | 可変カムシャフトタイミング装置 |
Also Published As
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JP2005147153A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
CN1619113A (zh) | 2005-05-25 |
CN100497891C (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1533484B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
EP1533484A2 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
KR101084960B1 (ko) | 2011-11-23 |
US6997150B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
KR20050047496A (ko) | 2005-05-20 |
US20050103297A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
EP1533484A3 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
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