JP4563687B2 - 2つの加熱手段を用いた溶融固化炉及び溶融固化方法 - Google Patents
2つの加熱手段を用いた溶融固化炉及び溶融固化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/021—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/025—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by arc discharge or plasma heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/26—Outlets, e.g. drains, siphons; Overflows, e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/44—Cooling arrangements for furnace walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/44—Plasma torches using an arc using more than one torch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S65/00—Glass manufacturing
- Y10S65/04—Electric heat
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Description
二次廃棄物をほとんど発生させない単一の単純なユニットで燃焼及び溶融固化の両方ができる産業規模の方法に関して研究することが、経済的な関心の対象となることは当然である。
プラズマ処理についていくつかの方法が開発されたが、産業上の利用が困難であるという欠点があった。この場合、るつぼは耐火材料から作られ、融解ガラスと接触すると早く磨耗し(攻撃的な複合媒体での腐食による)、また強力なプラズマ放射を受けることによっても磨耗が進む。また、こういったプラズマ炉での可燃廃棄物の処理能力は、耐火材料でできた内面を保護するために、制限されている。
炉内の酸化性雰囲気は基本的には、溶融槽で金属相を形成せず、その結果、有機材料が完全に燃焼され、均一なガラス質の溶融材料が生じ、後続処理が簡素化する。
上述の仏国特許FR9609382には、溶融固化炉の炉床の下に配置されたインダクタが記載されており、これは加熱手段としてのみ使用される。
以下に、例示として非限定的に添付した図1を参照しながら本発明を説明し、本発明の好適な実施形態を提示する。
冷却るつぼは、外郭1、炉床2、及び天井3からなる。外郭1は、垂直に並べられた冷却された金属でできており、水平に配置された冷却炉床2の上に配置されている。外郭1は、底部付近に排水弁7によって閉じられた排水口8を有し、該排水弁はスライドし、冷却される。一つの変形では、排水口8は炉床2上に配設されてもよい。外郭1と炉床2のいずれにも区切りがなく、つまり、それらは外周全体にわたって連続しており、炉床2は導電材料でできており、外郭1は金属製である。金属製であり区切られた、よって磁場を通す炉床2を使用することもできる。
るつぼの内側の金属面は、薄いセラミックタイプの層で覆われていてもよい。
上述した実施形態で、るつぼ、特に外郭1と炉床2は、インダクタ4を中心とした円形であるが、他の形状、特に楕円形であってもよい。この特定の実施形態では、インダクタ4は必ずしもプラズマトーチ5及び6の直ぐ下にある必要はなく、炉内の2つの領域に優先度を与える、つまり一方をプラズマトーチによる酸化性雰囲気で熱くし、もう一方を例えば揮発性材料の連続的リサイクルに適した、低めの温度にするために、横方向にずれていてもよい。
プラズマトーチ5及び6は、適切な電気分極を受けると、一方がアノードとして、もう一方がカソードとして、対をなして作動するように設計されている。双方とも冷却された金属電極からなり、該電極は、該電極を酸化から保護するソースプラズマ発生ガスが供給される第一の内側スリーブと、プラズマ発生クラッディングガスが供給される第二の外側スリーブによって囲まれている。この場合、プラズマ発生クラッディングガスは酸素である。トーチは、天井3の壁を貫通して取り付けられたボールジョイント12及び13上に取り付けられているので、るつぼ内で自由に移動でき、トーチ同士の距離が調節できる。任意の機械装置、例えば調節スクリューも使用されてよく、これは、垂直方向に(又はほぼ垂直方向に)スライドして溶融材料の表面に近付けたり離したりすることによって、るつぼ内でのプラズマトーチ5及び6の深さを変更するためのものである。当然であるが、トーチ5及び6のこういった移動が可能であることによって、中間アークの形状及び位置を調節する手段が有利に提供される。
−溶融すべき材料の状態(導電性であるか否か)に関わらず、アークプラズマで始動する。
−溶融材料に浸漬される集電用対極が不要(汚染及び消耗材料の浸漬がない)。
−当該アークモードに様々な可能性がある(空中だけを通っても、材料を一部循環してもよい)ため操作に柔軟性がある。
−単一のプラズマ柱より燃焼に適したアークプラズマ(カソードジェット及びアノードジェット)が構成される;より大きなプラズマ量、より大きな放射。
−上記と同じ理由で、材料の非均一な溶融と冷却壁るつぼを空にする課題が解決される。
−プロセスの2つの機能の個別制御によって、今までになかった操作柔軟性が提供されるため、各加熱手段のパラメータを変更することによって、燃焼−溶融固化サイクルの混合と、溶融固化サイクルのみ、のいずれも想定できる(異なる性質の廃棄物への適用、揮発性物質のリサイクル等)。
−また、「プラズマによる燃焼−誘導による加熱」の組み合わせによって、関連手段(メタロサーミ、サセプタ等)を用いずに、ガラス溶融を冷却ガラスるつぼで開始することが可能になる。
ひいては、特別な産業廃棄物への応用も想定できる。
Claims (9)
- るつぼ(1、2、3)と、るつぼの上部、溶融材料の表面上の少なくとも一のプラズマトーチ(5)と、るつぼの外側に、少なくとも一のインダクタ巻き線(4)を有する加熱手段とを備えた溶融固化炉であって、前記プラズマが、酸素プラズマであり、炉内に酸化性雰囲気を作り出し、前記インダクタ巻き線が、るつぼの下に設けられていることを特徴とする溶融固化炉。
- るつぼが、耐火材料でできた炉床(2)と、炉床(2)上に垂直に配置された外郭(1)とを備え、外郭(1)が外周に沿って連続した構造であり、金属材料でできていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶融固化炉。
- 加熱手段が第二のプラズマトーチを備え、第一及び第二のプラズマトーチは互いの間にアークを生成するために電気的に分極されており、るつぼは側面に冷却外郭(1)を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶融固化炉。
- トーチが、るつぼ内で移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の溶融固化炉。
- トーチが、垂直方向に自由にスライド可能であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の溶融固化炉。
- トーチが、インダクタ巻き線から横方向にずれていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の溶融固化炉。
- 請求項1に記載の溶融固化炉を用い、酸化性雰囲気を作り出すことによって、炉の内容物に金属相が形成されることを抑制することを特徴とする溶融固化方法。
- トーチによってのみ加熱する始動段階と、続いてトーチとインダクタ巻き線によって同時に加熱する連続作業とを含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の溶融固化方法。
- 請求項8に記載の溶融固化方法において、請求項5に記載の炉を用い、前記連続作業段階のために2つのトーチが炉の内容物に近付けられることを特徴とする溶融固化方法。
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FR0204328A FR2838117B1 (fr) | 2002-04-08 | 2002-04-08 | Four et procede de vitrification a double moyen de chauffage |
PCT/FR2003/001087 WO2003084883A1 (fr) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-04-07 | Four et procede de vitrification a double moyen de chauffage |
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JP2005527456A JP2005527456A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
JP4563687B2 true JP4563687B2 (ja) | 2010-10-13 |
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US (2) | US7503188B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1503963B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4563687B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100985099B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100379693C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE400533T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003260013A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60322047D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2310245T3 (ja) |
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US9382144B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2016-07-05 | Tetronics (International) Limited | Hazardous waste treatment process |
KR100790788B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-01-03 | (주)세라 | 연속식 유리 용융로 |
JP2012036056A (ja) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-23 | Sumco Corp | シリコンの電磁鋳造装置 |
CN102723117A (zh) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 放射性废树脂等离子体高温焚烧固化方法 |
KR20140064048A (ko) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-28 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | 유리용융로 바닥용 금속섹터 및 유리용융로 |
CN103225950B (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-09-30 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | 用于真空自耗电弧炉的水冷炉室 |
JP6153765B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-30 | 2017-06-28 | 日新技研株式会社 | 真空アーク溶解装置 |
FR3009642B1 (fr) | 2013-08-08 | 2018-11-09 | Areva Nc | Procede et installation d'incineration, fusion et vitrification de dechets organiques et metalliques |
KR101636979B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-07-07 | 뉴클리어솔루션 주식회사 | 플라즈마 토치 조립체 및 이를 갖는 폐기물 용융설비 |
CN106524172B (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 内蒙古科技大学 | 一种微波等离子焚烧医疗废弃物的方法及装置 |
JP6800780B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-07 | 2020-12-16 | 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | プラズマトーチ、溶湯加熱装置及び溶湯加熱方法 |
FR3080707B1 (fr) | 2018-04-25 | 2020-05-01 | Seche Eco Services | Procede de traitement de dechets bitumines radioactifs |
CN109961868B (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-03-15 | 西南科技大学 | 一种放射性污染石墨焚烧工艺 |
CN110211720B (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-05-14 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | 一种放射性废液桶内干燥加热装置及加热方法 |
FR3100421B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Four à induction comprenant un circuit résonant additionnel |
CN110542317B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2024-05-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 有芯式电磁浸没燃烧冶炼装置 |
GB202108524D0 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-07-28 | Eestech Inc | Improved smelting system |
GB202210223D0 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-24 | Eestech Europe Holdings Bv | Method and system for thermal spl beneficiation |
KR102577700B1 (ko) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-09-12 | 주식회사 우진더블유티피 | 고굴절율 금속산화물 용융을 위한 고주파 스컬 도가니 및 상기 고주파 스컬 도가니를 포함하는 고굴절율 금속산화물 용융 시스템 |
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US5367532A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-11-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Furnace for the continuous melting of oxide mixtures by direct induction with high frequency, a very short refining time and a low energy consumption |
JP3599783B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-06 | 2004-12-08 | 月島機械株式会社 | プラズマ式溶融炉を用いた結晶化物の製造方法 |
US5798497A (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1998-08-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery |
US5750822A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1998-05-12 | Institute Of Chemical Technology (Plastech) | Processing of solid mixed waste containing radioactive and hazardous materials |
FR2751738B1 (fr) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-08-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Four de fusion par induction directe en creuset froid |
FR2764877B1 (fr) | 1997-06-20 | 1999-09-03 | Europlasma | Procede de vitrification d'un materiau pulverulent et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
JP2001289420A (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-19 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 塵芥のガス化溶融方法 |
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KR100985099B1 (ko) | 2010-10-05 |
ATE400533T1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
KR20040102073A (ko) | 2004-12-03 |
ES2310245T3 (es) | 2009-01-01 |
DE60322047D1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
EP1503963B1 (fr) | 2008-07-09 |
FR2838117A1 (fr) | 2003-10-10 |
EP1503963A1 (fr) | 2005-02-09 |
FR2838117B1 (fr) | 2005-02-04 |
US7730745B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
AU2003260013A8 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
CN100379693C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
US20050120754A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
US20090093666A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JP2005527456A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2003084883A1 (fr) | 2003-10-16 |
US7503188B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
AU2003260013A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
CN1659105A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
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