JP4527546B2 - 登録した画像を用いたカテーテル案内システム - Google Patents
登録した画像を用いたカテーテル案内システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4527546B2 JP4527546B2 JP2004565141A JP2004565141A JP4527546B2 JP 4527546 B2 JP4527546 B2 JP 4527546B2 JP 2004565141 A JP2004565141 A JP 2004565141A JP 2004565141 A JP2004565141 A JP 2004565141A JP 4527546 B2 JP4527546 B2 JP 4527546B2
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Description
本発明は、一般的に、身体内に配置された医療器具の診断用あるいは治療用エレメントを案内し、位置決めするシステムに関する。
診断および治療手順を実行するために、身体内の内部領域または内部ボリュームへのアクセスを獲得するためにカテーテルや腹腔鏡などの挿入医療装置を使用することがよく知られている。この診断及び治療手順で、所望の身体組織位置に装置を接触させるためには、外科医もしくは技術者が、その装置に装填した様々な機能エレメントを含めて、身体内において装置を正確に位置決めできることが重要である。
本発明は、一般的に、目的のボリュームの三次元表示を再構築すること、当該表示をマッピングデータ付きであるいはマッピングデータなしで表示すること、および例えば治療装置などの装置を、前記表示、可能であればマッピングデータ、および治療装置のボリューム内における現在の位置を参照して案内することによって、身体内に位置する医療器具の診断または治療用エレメントを案内し、位置決めするシステムに関する。
本発明は、ボリュームの三次元画像を生成し、その画像を三次元座標システムに登録し、ボリュームのマッピングデータを生成し、三次元座標システムに対する位置データを登録し、この位置データで同定されるターゲット部位へ治療装置を案内するシステムを提供する。このシステムは、特に、心臓内のボリュームを再構築およびマッピングし、心臓組織を切除するのに好適であるが、他のアプリケーションでの使用に適用することもできる。例えば、本発明の様々な実施例は、前立腺、脳、胆嚢、膀胱、子宮、食道、および身体の他の領域において切除または組織の処置に適用することができる。更に、本発明は、ターゲットとする組織領域に治療的薬剤を送出する薬剤治療のアプリケーションに使用することもできる。
システム100の撮像サブシステム120は、対象ボリュームの表示、好ましくは三次元表示あるいは画像の生成に用いられる。本発明の撮像サブシステムの一実施例は、対象ボリュームの画像の生成に超音波を用いている。図2に示すように、本実施例の撮像サブシステム120は、身体内部から画像を収集するのに使用される撮像装置122を具える。図に示す実施例では、撮像装置122は心臓内の装置である。図2に示すように、撮像装置122は、一般的に、中空状外側シース21と、中空状内側シャフト23を具える入れ子式のカテーテルである。代替的に、外側シース21は撮像カテーテル122の一部を形成しない独立型のエレメントであってもよい。回転可能な駆動ケーブル22が、外側シース21を挿通しており、その遠位端に装着された画像エレメント124を具える。ここでは撮像エレメント124は超音波トランスデューサである。本実施例の撮像サブシステムについて述べるに当たり、撮像エレメント124を超音波トランスデューサ124とすることもある。トランスデューサ124は好ましくは、例えばチタン酸バリウムまたは辰砂で形成された一又はそれ以上の圧電結晶発振器を具える。他のタイプの超音波水晶発振器も用いることができる。例えば、ポリビニリデンジフルオライドとビニリデンフロオライド−トリフルオロ−エチレン共重合体などの有機エレクトレットも超音波トランスデューサ124に使用することができる。直径が小さい、内側カテーテルシャフト23が外側シース21内を延在しており、駆動ユニット127に取り付けられている。駆動ケーブル22が、内側シャフト23内を延在しており、駆動ユニット127内のモータ駆動シャフト(図示せず)に連結されている。本発明に使用可能な具体的な撮像装置の構造は、米国特許第5,000,185号、第5,115,814号、第5,464,016号、第5,421,338号、第5,314,408号及び第4,951,677号に見出すことができる。
マッピングサブシステム140は、対象ボリューム内の治療ターゲット部位を同定するのに使用される。例えば、マッピングサブシステム140は、心臓内の変行伝導路、すなわち、ターゲット部位の位置決めに用いられる。変行伝導路は、典型的には律動不整(dysrhythmias)と呼ばれる不規則パターンを構成する。ここでは、マッピングサブシステム140は、病巣(foci)と呼ばれ、この律動不整を治療するために治療送出サブシステム160を用いて除去されるこれらの経路に沿った領域を同定する。
治療送出サブシステム160は、マッピングサブシステム140によって同定されたターゲット部位を治療するのに用いられる。図4aおよび4bに示すように、治療送出サブシステム160の好ましい実施例は、治療送出ソース166に接続された切除カテーテルである治療装置162を有する。特に、治療送出ソース166は、治療装置162の遠位端上に配置された治療エレメント164に接続されている。治療送出ソース166は、切除電源163を具える切除電力発生器であり、治療エレメント164は切除エレメントである。一の好ましい実施例では、治療装置162は、米国特許第6,233,491号に記載されているような操縦可能なカテーテルである。従って、図4bに示す治療装置162は、ハンドル73上に装着された操作コンポネント71を有する。ケーブル75は、ハンドル73の手元側端部を治療送出ソース166に接続している。
システム100の登録サブシステム102は、位置プロセッサ108と、登録プロセッサ110と、位置エレメント128、148及び168を具える。位置プロセッサ108は好ましくは、登録サブシステム102と一体化されているが登録サブシステム102に接続した独立型のサブシステムであっても良い。いずれの場合も、位置プロセッサ108は登録サブシステム102の登録プロセッサ110に接続されている。位置エレメント128、148、および168は、ワイヤを介して位置プロセッサに電気的に接続することができる。代替的に、例えば電磁トランスデューサあるいは磁気共鳴トランスデューサ、電子エミッタ、遠赤外線または近遠赤外線エミッタなどのワイヤレス位置センサを位置エレメント128、148、または168のいずれかに用いることができる。この場合、位置エレメント128、148または168と位置プロセッサ108間のリンクがワイヤレスリンクであってもよい。位置エレメント128、148、または168のいずれかについて、位置プロセッサ108は、超音波、磁界、あるいは光学的手段を用いて、位置エレメント128、148、あるいは168の三次元座標システムに対する位置を追跡することができ、これによって画像データ、マッピングデータあるいは治療エレメント164の位置をそれぞれの三次元座標システムへ登録することが可能となる。
位置エレメント128と148の登録サブシステム102へのインプリメンテーションと、撮像エレメント124とマッピングエレメント144をそれぞれ配置する方法は、登録サブシステム102への位置エレメント168のインプリメンテーションと、上述した治療エレメント164を配置する方法と同じであり、従って、簡潔にするために詳細な説明は行わない。
システム100の一操作方法を説明する。図7aを参照すると、超音波トランスデューサ124を有する撮像装置122が公知の技術を用いて対象ボリュームSV内に導入されている。例えば、あるプロセスでは、トランセプタルな展開が用いられている。左心室におけるトランセプタル展開を用いたある処理では、例えば、シース147がまず右心室に誘導される。中隔に開口が設けられ、シース147を左心室に進める。撮像装置122は、シース147を介して左心室に送られる。この開口は可能な限り小さいことが好ましいが、シース147を介しての撮像装置122の通路を確保するのに十分な大きさが必要である。
別の好適な実施例では、撮像装置122が、光学カメラや、三次元リアルタイム超音波カテーテルなどのリアルタイムの三次元撮像装置である。このような実施例は、ボリュームSVの三次元レンダリングをリアルタイムですでに提供しているので、必ずしもプルバックステップは必要でない。ボリュームSVの延長部分の撮像が必要な場合に、リアルタイム撮像装置のプルバックが必要となる。上述の実施例では、一又はそれ以上の位置エレメント128を撮像装置上に配置することができる。
上述した治療システム100は対象ボリュームSVの内部から興味のある領域を撮像するのに内部撮像プローブ122を用いているが、外付撮像装置も同様に使用することができる。例えば、図12を参照して、治療システム300を以下に説明する。治療システム300は、対象ボリュームSVの画像を提供するのに外付撮像デバイス322を用いている点を除いて治療システム100と同様である。例として、撮像装置302は、組織の二次元画像スライスを撮影することができるコンピュータ断層撮影(CT)装置、または磁気共鳴撮像(MRI)装置であり、これらのスライスを組織の三次元画像に再構築することができる。例えば、このスライス画像は、Diacomフォーマットで保存することができ、ドイツのトムテックイメージングシステム社(TomTec Imaging Systems)によって販売されているソフトウエアを用いて三次元レンダリングを構築することができる。撮像装置322は、治療処置が行われる手術室内に配置するか、あるいは、遠隔配置されていても良い。この場合、撮像装置322は治療システム300内でネットワーク化することができる。撮像装置322画像をオフライン(たとえば、処置の一日前)で生成することもできる。この場合、画像は治療システム300の関連部品にダウンロードすることが可能であり、あるいは、デジタルストーレージディスクなどの好適な持ち運び可能な媒体を使用して転送することも可能である。
治療システム300は前述の登録サブシステムと同様であり、マッピングエレメント144と治療エレメント164に関連する位置プロセッサおよび位置エレメント128を補助としてマッピングサブシステム140と治療エレメント164から獲得したマッピングデータを三次元座標システム内に登録する登録プロセッサ310を具える。
SV322={Pi(x,y,z)|i=1…N}
また、ユーザが対象ボリューム内でロービングプローブを移動させることによって第2のポイントセットRj(x,y,z)を得ると仮定する:
SVrv={Rj(x,y,z)|j=1…M}
ポイントRjから面SV322までの距離は:
Dj=min(dist(Rj,Pi)|i=1…N)
と規定することができる。
面SV322を(x,y,z)スペース内に登録するために、一連の回転と移動を実行して、この面をRjポイントセット上に最もよくマッチさせるようにすることができる。好ましくは、一連のジオメトリックな移動は費用関数が最小になるようになされる。
以下は、適用可能な費用関数の例である。
C1=1/M*sum(Dj,j=1…M)
C2=1/M*sqrt(sum(Dj 2,j=1…M))
他の費用関数を使用することも可能である。その時は、公知の適応技術を用いてトランスフォーメーションが反復される。例えば、最急降下法、勾配法、最小二乗法、又は再帰的最小二乗法適応化、のような方法を用いることができる。これらの方法は、S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theiory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1911に記載されている。
Claims (13)
- 患者の体腔内を通過するシステムであって:
撮像エレメントを有する撮像装置と、前記体腔内の画像データを生成するために前記撮像エレメントに接続された画像処理回路とを備える撮像サブシステムと;
マッピングサブシステムであって、1つ以上のマッピングエレメントを有するマッピング装置と、前記体腔内のマッピングデータデータを生成するために前記1つ以上のマッピングエレメントに接続されたマッピング処理回路とを備え、前記マッピング装置は、前記体腔内で移動するように構成されている、マッピングサブシステムと;
登録サブシステムであって、前記撮像装置上および前記マッピング装置上にそれぞれ配置された第1および第2の位置エレメントと、前記撮像エレメントおよび前記1つ以上のマッピングエレメントの配置データをそれぞれ取得するために前記第1および第2の位置エレメントに接続されている位置処理回路と、前記画像処理回路および前記マッピング処理回路に接続された登録処理回路であって、前記撮像エレメントおよび前記1つ以上のマッピングエレメントの配置データに基づいて、共通の座標システムで、前記画像データおよび前記マッピングデータをそれぞれ獲得し、そして登録する登録処理回路とを備え、前記画像データ上に前記マッピングデータを重畳する、登録サブシステムと;
を備える、システム。 - 請求項1に記載のシステムであって、治療送出サブシステムを更に備え、前記治療送出サブシステムは、治療エレメントを有する治療装置と、前記体腔に治療を提供するために前記治療エレメントに接続された治療送出ソースとを備え、前記治療装置は、前記体腔内で移動するように構成されており、前記登録サブシステムは、前記治療装置上に配置された第3の位置エレメントを更に備え、前記位置処理回路は、前記治療エレメントの配置データを取得するために前記第3の位置エレメントに接続され、前記登録処理回路は、前記治療エレメントの前記配置データに基づいて、共通の座標システムで、前記治療エレメントを登録するように構成されている、システム。
- 請求項1または2のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記第1および第2の位置エレメントがそれぞれ前記撮像エレメントと1つ以上の治療エレメントとの近傍に配置されている、システム。
- 請求項1、2または3のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記登録処理回路、前記位置処理回路、前記画像処理回路、及び前記マッピング処理回路が、単一のプロセッサで実行される、システム。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記登録サブシステムに接続されているディスプレイを更に備える、システム。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記撮像エレメントが超音波トランスデューサを備える、システム。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記第1および第2の位置エレメントの各々が、直交する磁気センサアレイを備える、システム。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記登録サブシステムが、アンテナと、前記アンテナと前記位置処理回路との間に接続された磁界発生器と、前記磁界センサの3つの直交アレイと前記位置処理回路との間に接続された磁界検出器とを更に備える、システム。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記第1および第2の位置エレメントの各々が超音波トランスデューサを備える、システム。
- 請求項9に記載のシステムであって、前記登録サブシステムが、前記1つ以上の超音波トランスデューサと前記位置処理回路との間に接続された第1の超音波トランシーバを備える、システム。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のシステムであって、前記座標システムは、三次元座標システムである、システム。
- 請求項11に記載のシステムであって、前記登録処理回路は、前記画像データを用いて、前記体腔の三次元表現を再構成するように構成されている、システム。
- 請求項12に記載のシステムであって、前記登録処理回路は、前記体腔の前記三次元表現上に前記マッピングデータを重畳するように構成されている、システム。
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-
2002
- 2002-12-18 US US10/322,695 patent/US8175680B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-11-25 WO PCT/US2003/037984 patent/WO2004060158A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-11-25 JP JP2004565141A patent/JP4527546B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-25 AU AU2003293149A patent/AU2003293149A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-25 CA CA002509727A patent/CA2509727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-25 EP EP03790139A patent/EP1571984A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-05-01 US US13/461,589 patent/US20120277574A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2509727A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
JP2006511296A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
US8175680B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
US20030158477A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
US20120277574A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
EP1571984A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
WO2004060158A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
AU2003293149A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
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