JP4465191B2 - 高ジルコニア含量の溶融鋳造耐火物製品 - Google Patents
高ジルコニア含量の溶融鋳造耐火物製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4465191B2 JP4465191B2 JP2003572919A JP2003572919A JP4465191B2 JP 4465191 B2 JP4465191 B2 JP 4465191B2 JP 2003572919 A JP2003572919 A JP 2003572919A JP 2003572919 A JP2003572919 A JP 2003572919A JP 4465191 B2 JP4465191 B2 JP 4465191B2
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100031083 Uteroglobin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000203 Uteroglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012926 crystallographic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/484—Refractories by fusion casting
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/43—Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
酸化物基準の重量百分率として:
ZrO2≧89.6%、
SiO2:2〜8%、
Na2O:0.12〜1%、
Al2O3:0.2〜2%
0.5%≦Y2O3+CaO≦2.6%
そして、Y2O3:0.3〜2%を含む
ことを特徴とする製品により達成される。
製品は、酸化物基準の重量百分率として少なくとも0.5%および/または多くて1.5%のY2O3を含み、
製品は、酸化物基準の重量百分率として2%〜6%のSiO2を含み、
製品は、酸化物基準の重量百分率として少なくとも0.4%および/または多くて1.6%のAl2O3を含み、
Na2Oは、K2Oによって少なくとも一部置換される。
平均して98.5重量%のZrO2+HfO2、0.5重量%のSiO2、0.2重量%のNa2Oを主として含有する、Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires社のCC10ジルコニアと、
およそ33重量%のケイ素と67重量%のジルコニアを提供するジルコン・サンドと、
平均して99.4重量%のAl2O3を含有するPechiney社のAC44アルミナと、
58.5重量%のNa2Oをもたらす炭酸ナトリウムと、
純度99%を超える酸化イットリウムと、
56重量%のCaOをもたらす炭酸カルシウム。
Claims (10)
- 85%を超えるジルコニア(ZrO2)を含む耐火物製品であって、酸化物基準の重量百分率で、
ZrO2≧89.6%、
SiO2:2〜8%、
Na2O:0.12〜1%、
Al2O3:0.2〜2%
0.5%≦Y2O3+CaO≦2.6%
そして、Y2O3:0.3〜2%を含むことを特徴とする製品。 - 酸化物基準の重量百分率で、0.5%〜1.5%のY2O3を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製品。
- 酸化物基準の重量百分率で、2%〜6%のSiO2を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の製品。
- 酸化物基準の重量百分率で、ZrO2>92%であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の製品。
- 酸化物基準の重量百分率で、0.4%〜1.6%のAl2O3を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の製品。
- Na2Oが、K2Oによって少なくとも一部置換されることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製品。
- P2O5を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の製品。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の耐火物製品からなるガラス製造炉の末端領域。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の耐火物製品を有するアルカリ・ガラス製造向けのガラス製造炉。
- 耐火物製品の製造方法であり、原料を混合するステップと、前記混合物を溶融するステップと、前記溶融した混合物を型に鋳込むステップとを含み、前記原料が少なくともアルミナ(Al2O3)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、シリカ(SiO2)、酸化ナトリウム(Na2O)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)を含む方法であって、
前記原料が、さらに選択的に酸化カルシウムCaOをさらに含み、前記耐火物製品が請求項1から7のいずれかに適合するように、前記原料の量が決定されることを特徴とする方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0202635A FR2836682B1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | Produit refractaire fondu et coule a forte teneur en zircone |
PCT/FR2003/000663 WO2003074445A1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Produit refractaire fondu et coule a forte teneur en zircone |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005526683A JP2005526683A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
JP4465191B2 true JP4465191B2 (ja) | 2010-05-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003572919A Expired - Fee Related JP4465191B2 (ja) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | 高ジルコニア含量の溶融鋳造耐火物製品 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7129192B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2308808B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4465191B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100937942B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1294104C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003224231B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0307886B1 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2836682B1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2324670C2 (ja) |
UA (1) | UA80697C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003074445A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2897861B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2008-06-13 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Refractaire a forte teneur en zircone a grande resistivite |
FR2897862B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2008-05-09 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire fondu et coule a forte teneur en zircone, presentant une resistivite electrique amelioree. |
JP4658870B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2011-03-23 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高電気抵抗高ジルコニア鋳造耐火物 |
FR2913013B1 (fr) * | 2007-02-23 | 2009-12-18 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc refractaire fondu et coule a forte teneur en zircone |
DE102007010173B4 (de) * | 2007-02-28 | 2009-04-16 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schmelzgegossenes feuerfestes Erzeugnis |
FR2920152B1 (fr) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-12-04 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Refractaire a fortre teneur en zircone et teneur en silice elevee. |
FR2920153B1 (fr) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-11-26 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone dope. |
CA2702890A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-23 | Compania Vidriera, S.A. De C.V. | Glass melting furnace entirely built with refractory concrete |
FR2925485B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-07-15 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit en matiere ceramique fondue, procede de fabrication et utilisations. |
FR2932475B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-16 | 2010-09-03 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone |
FR2940276B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2011-02-04 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc refractaire et four de fusion de verre |
FR2942468B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-25 | 2012-06-29 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone. |
CN101830701B (zh) * | 2009-03-12 | 2013-07-17 | 圣戈班Tm股份有限公司 | 高电阻高氧化锆浇铸耐火材料 |
WO2010116960A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高ジルコニア質耐火物及び溶融窯 |
FR2953825B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-12-20 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone. |
FR2961506B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-21 | 2014-03-14 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc refractaire et four de fusion de verre |
CN101891369B (zh) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-04-18 | 瑞泰科技股份有限公司 | 熔铸α-β氧化铝筒形砖及其生产方法 |
KR20130114645A (ko) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-10-17 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | 고지르코니아질 전기 주조 내화물 |
KR101258870B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-04-29 | 동도바잘트산업(주) | 코크스 오븐 상승관 내화물 제조방법 |
CN102503488A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 河北联合大学 | 塞隆结合氧化锆耐火材料的制备方法 |
FR2984878B1 (fr) | 2011-12-21 | 2014-02-28 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit refractaire a forte teneur en zircone. |
JP6140686B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2017-05-31 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物 |
US9725349B2 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2017-08-08 | Corning Incorporated | Glass manufacturing apparatus and methods |
JP5763823B1 (ja) * | 2014-10-07 | 2015-08-12 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 |
FR3032963A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-26 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit fondu a forte teneur en zircone |
EP3453689B1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-08-26 | AGC Ceramics Co., Ltd. | High-zirconia electrocast refractory and method for manufacturing the same |
FR3072092B1 (fr) | 2017-10-11 | 2021-11-12 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede de fabrication d'un bloc fondu a haute teneur en zircone |
CN111517785B (zh) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-10-22 | 洛阳大洋高性能材料有限公司 | 一种高锆熔铸砖生产工艺及其生产设备 |
CN112225543A (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-15 | 郑州方铭高温陶瓷新材料有限公司 | 一种应用于玻璃窑炉蓄热室的熔铸成型筒型陶瓷砖及其制备方法 |
WO2023182007A1 (ja) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS553319B2 (ja) * | 1972-02-21 | 1980-01-24 | ||
JPS53121012A (en) * | 1976-10-09 | 1978-10-23 | Nippon Electric Glass Co | Cast refractories of high zirconia content |
JPS5912619B2 (ja) | 1980-03-18 | 1984-03-24 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高ジルコニア質熱溶融耐火物 |
FR2648455B1 (fr) | 1989-06-15 | 1993-04-23 | Produits Refractaires | Produits refractaires fondus et coules a forte teneur en zircone |
RU2039026C1 (ru) * | 1993-01-18 | 1995-07-09 | Соколов Владимир Алексеевич | Плавленолитой высокоциркониевый огнеупорный материал |
FR2714905B1 (fr) * | 1994-01-11 | 1996-03-01 | Produits Refractaires | Billes en matière céramique fondue. |
US5679612A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1997-10-21 | Toshiba Monofrax Co., Ltd. | High-zirconia fused refractories |
FR2777882B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-22 | 2000-07-21 | Produits Refractaires | Nouveaux materiaux frittes produits a partir de zircon et de zircone |
JP4979047B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-22 | 2012-07-18 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高ジルコニア鋳造耐火物 |
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- 2003-02-28 EP EP10182498.5A patent/EP2308808B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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KR20040094753A (ko) | 2004-11-10 |
CN1639084A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
FR2836682A1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 |
EP1480925B1 (fr) | 2018-07-04 |
EP1480925A1 (fr) | 2004-12-01 |
BR0307886B1 (pt) | 2012-09-04 |
AU2003224231A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
EP2308808A2 (fr) | 2011-04-13 |
RU2004129315A (ru) | 2006-03-10 |
AU2003224231B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
JP2005526683A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
US7129192B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
CN1294104C (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
FR2836682B1 (fr) | 2005-01-28 |
EP2308808A3 (fr) | 2014-05-14 |
UA80697C2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
RU2324670C2 (ru) | 2008-05-20 |
EP2308808B1 (fr) | 2018-07-18 |
WO2003074445A1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 |
KR100937942B1 (ko) | 2010-01-21 |
BR0307886A (pt) | 2004-12-28 |
US20050159294A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
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