JP4394664B2 - インターフェース装置を制御する方法 - Google Patents
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- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
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Description
12 ヒューマン/コンピュータ・インターフェース装置
14 電子インターフェース
16 コンピュータ
18 腹腔手術ツール
20 スクリーン
22 バリヤ
24 トロカール
25 ジンバル装置(機械的入出力をインターフェースする装置)
26 ハンドル
28 シャフト(部分)
30 ケーブル
32 ケーブル
Claims (39)
- ユーザーの操作を監視するためで且つ前記ユーザーの操作に対応する触感のシミレーションを可能にするための、入出力デバイスであって、ホストコンピュータと共に使用される入出力デバイスにおいて、
前記触感が、前記ホストコンピュータにおいて作動するソフトウェアに従がい生成されており、
前記入出力デバイスは、
一方の端部において、ユーザーにより物理的に接触されていて且つ他方の端部において、接地面に回転可能に取り付けられる、ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物であって、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が前記ユーザーによって前記接地面に対して少なくとも2つの自由度で可動であることを前記回転が可能にする、対象物と、
前記接地面に対して少なくとも2つの自由度において、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に伝達される、力を出力することにより触感を生成するために、前記接地面に接続された第1と第2のアクチュエータと、
前記第1と第2のアクチュエータから前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物へ力を伝達するための第1のヨーク部材と第2のヨーク部材であって、前記第1のヨーク部材と前記第2のヨーク部材にはそれぞれ第1穴と第2穴が開けられており、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が、前記第1のヨーク部材に具備される第1の穴を介して且つ前記第2のヨーク部材に具備される第2の穴を介して通過する、第1と第2のヨーク部材と、
前記ホストコンピュータから前記入出力デバイスに送られた命令に対応して、ソフトウェアプロセスを実行するための前記ホストコンピュータから分離した局部的プロセッサであって、前記ソフトウェアプロセスは、前記アクチュエータにより前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に作用するべき抵抗の程度を表す、減衰定数を設定して、前記ソフトウェアプロセスは、前記アクチュエータに作用させられて前記力の前記出力を生じるべき力の値を推論しており、そこでは前記推論は、前記減衰定数及び前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の速度に少なくとも部分的に基く、局部的プロセッサと、
前記接地面に対する前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の動きを検出するための少なくとも1つのセンサであって、前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記センサの信号の表現を前記局部的プロセッサに報告する、少なくとも1つのセンサと、
を具備することを特徴とする入出力デバイス。 - 穴が開けられた各前記第1と第2のヨーク部材は、前記アクチュエータと前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物との間の継手部に、遊びを導入することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記遊びは、前記少なくとも1つのセンサの分解能の範囲内で検知可能であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記局部的プロセッサは、前記力の値の前記推論において前記遊びの前記検知を使用することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記局部的プロセッサは、前記遊びを検知することにより、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の移動方向を決定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記局部的プロセッサは、前記出力の力を使用する壁の触感を生成するプロセスにおいて、前記遊びの前記検知を使用することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記センサにより検知された前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の現在位置と、前記センサにより検知された前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の前の位置との間の相違は、前記局部的プロセッサにより決定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の入出力デバイス。
- 前記局部的プロセッサは、前記ホストコンピュータからの命令を受信し、前記命令を復号し、前記命令に従ってアクチュエータに信号を出力して前記アクチュエータを制御し、更に前記センサ信号の表現を前記ホストコンピュータに送信することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の入出力デバイス。
- ホストコンピュータシステムにユーザーの運動を通信連絡するための装置は、
前記ユーザーにより物理的に接触される、ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物と、
前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物と接地面との間において接続するジンバル機構であって、前記ジンバル機構は、複数の部材の連結機構を具備することにより、第1の固定回転軸と第2の固定回転軸との周りで、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に対して2つの回転自由度を形成しており、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記2つの固定回転軸の概略交点において前記ジンバル機構に接続しており、
前記2つの固定回転軸は、前記接地面に対して固定されており、
前記連結機構は、
a)前記接地面に接地される接地部材と、
b)第1と第2の延長部材であって、各延長部材がそれぞれ、第1と第2の延長継手部により前記接地面に回転可能に接続し、前記延長部材は、前記2つの固定回転軸の周りで回転可能である、第1と第2の延長部材と、
c)第1と第2の中心部材であって、前記第1の中心部材は、第1の中心継手部により前記第1の延長部材に回転可能に接続し、第1の対象物継手部により前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に回転可能に接続しており、前記第2の中心部材は、第2の中心継手部により前記第2の延長部材に回転可能に接続し、第2の対象物継手部により前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物又は前記第1の中心部材に回転可能に接続しており、前記中心部材は、第1と第2の浮動軸の周りで回転可能であり、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が第1の位置にある時に、前記第1の延長継手部及び前記第2の中心継手部は、前記第1の固定回転軸と交差し、前記第2の延長継手部及び前記第1の中心継手部は、前記第2の固定回転軸と交差しており、前記浮動軸は、前記接地面に対して可動であり、前記浮動軸は、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が中立位置に配置される時に、前記固定回転軸に一致する、第1と第2の中心部材と、
前記2つの固定回転軸の周りで前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の動きを検知する、第1と第2の自由度センサと、
を具備することを特徴とする装置。 - 前記連結機構は正確には5つの部材を具備することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の延長部材と前記第1の中心部材と前記第2の中心部材は、前記第1の固定回転軸の周りで回転可能であり、前記第2の延長部材と前記第2の中心部材と前記第1の中心部材は、前記第2の固定回転軸の周りで回転可能であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記コンピュータシステムにより生成された信号に対応して、前記第1の自由度に沿って力を作用させるためのアクチュエータを更に具備することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記センサは、前記2つの回転自由度における前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の位置に対応する電気信号を生成する、回転式エンコーダを具備することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の装置。
- 第2の自由度のアクチュエータを更に具備しており、前記第1の自由度アクチュエータ及び前記第2の自由度アクチュエータは各々、前記接地部材に接続することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 各前記アクチュエータを前記ジンバル機構に接続するキャプスタン駆動機構を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に接続する直線軸部材であって、前記直線軸部材及び前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記ジンバル機構に対して第3の軸に沿って移動可能である、直線軸部材と、
前記接地部材と前記ジンバル機構の延長部材との間において接続される第2の自由度アクチュエータと、
前記直線軸部材と前記ジンバル機構との間において接続される第3の自由度アクチュエータと、
を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。 - 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記第3の軸の周りで回転可能であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の装置。
- 各前記アクチュエータを前記ジンバル機構に接続する、キャプスタン駆動機構を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記第1の浮動軸と前記第2の浮動軸との概略前記交点を介して伸張する、第3の軸の周りで回転可能であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記第3の軸が前記2つの固定回転軸により形成される前記平面に垂直に配置される場合に、前記2つの固定回転軸により形成される単一平面において、前記第1の延長部材は、前記第2の中心部材に整列し、前記第2の延長部材は、前記第1の中心部材に整列する、ことを特徴とする請求項19に記載の装置。
- 第1と第2の延長部材及び第1と第2の中心部材は、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が、前記浮動軸が前記固定回転軸に一致する、前記第1の位置に配置される場合に、前記2つの固定回転軸により形成される、単一平面に概略配置されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が、前記第1の浮動軸と前記第2の浮動軸との概略交点を介して伸張する、回転のための第3の軸の周りで回転しても良く、更に前記第3の軸は、前記第1と第2の浮動軸により形成される、平面に実質的に垂直であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の装置。
- ホストコンピュータシステムにユーザーを通信連絡させるためのインターフェース装置は、
前記ユーザーにより物理的に接触されていて且つ前記ユーザーにより2つの回転自由度において可動である、ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物と、
前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に接続し且つ物理的な接地面に接続するジンバル機構であって、前記ジンバル機構は、第1の固定回転軸及び第2の固定回転軸の周りで、前記2つの回転自由度を前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に提供しており、前記2つの固定回転軸は前記接地面に対して固定されており、前記ジンバル機構は、直列にリンクされたチェーンの部材を具備しており、前記チェーンの部材は前記チェーンの部材の両端において前記物理的接地面に接続し、前記チェーンの部材は、共に直列に回転可能に接続する、第1の部材と第2の部材と第3の部材と第4の部材とを具備しており、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が第1の位置にある場合に、前記第1の部材と前記接地面との間の第1の継手部及び前記第3の部材と前記第4の部材との間の第3の継手部は、前記固定回転軸の1つに整列し、前記第1の部材と前記第2の部材との間の第2の継手部及び前記第4の部材と前記接地との間の第4の継手部は、前記固定回転軸の異なる1つに整列しており、前記第1の部材と前記第4の部材は、前記2つの固定回転軸の周りで回転可能であり、前記第2の部材と前記第3の部材は、第1と第2の浮動軸の周りで回転可能であり、前記浮動軸は前記接地面に対して可動である、ジンバル機構と、
前記回転自由度において前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の位置を検知して、前記回転自由度において前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の前記位置を表現する情報を具備する、センサ信号を出力するためのセンサであって、前記センサ信号の表現は前記ホストコンピュータへの出力である、センサと、
を具備することを特徴とするインターフェース装置。 - 前記ジンバル機構に接続するためのアクチュエータを更に具備して、前記ホストコンピュータが前記アクチュエータに信号を送信する場合に、前記回動自由度の1つにおいて力を提供することを特徴とする請求項23に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記第1の固定回転軸は、前記第2の固定回転軸に対して実質的にお互いに垂直であることを特徴とする請求項24に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が、前記第1の浮動軸と前記第2の浮動軸との概略交点を介して伸張する、回転のための第3の軸の周りで回転しても良いことを特徴とする請求項23に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記接地面と前記第1の部材との間において接続する第1のキャプスタン駆動機構と、
前記接地面と前記第4の部材との間において接続する第2のキャプスタン駆動機構と、
を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項23に記載のインターフェース装置。 - 前記ホストコンピュータは、前記アクチュエータにより出力される力と同調する、アプリケーションプログラムにおけるグラフィック環境を実現することを特徴とする請求項23に記載のインターフェース装置。
- ユーザーに力のフィードバック提供するためのインターフェース装置であって、グラフィック環境を実現するホストコンピュータに接続する、該インターフェース装置は、
前記ユーザーにより把持されていて且つ前記ユーザーにより2つの回転自由度において可動である、ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物と、
前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に接続し且つ2つの回転軸の周りで、前記2つの回転自由度を前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物に提供する、ジンバル機構であって、前記ジンバル機構は、閉ループにおいて複数の部材を具備し、接地面に物理的に接続する接地部材を具備しており、各部材は前記部材の別の2つに回転可能に接続する、ジンバル機構と、
各々が前記接地面及び前記ジンバル機構に接続する、複数の物理的に設置されたアクチュエータであって、各前記アクチュエータは、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の前記回転自由度の異なるものにおいて力を提供する、複数の物理的に設置されたアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータの各々及び前記ジンバル機構に接続するキャプスタン駆動機構であって、各前記キャプスタン駆動機構は、前記ジンバル機構に接続する回動可能なキャプスタンドラムと、前記アクチュエータの1つに接続するプーリーと、前記キャプスタンドラムと前記プーリーとの間において接続する可撓性部材とを具備しており、前記キャプスタン駆動機構は、前記アクチュエータからの力を前記ジンバル機構に、実質的に遊びなしの状態で伝達する、キャプスタン駆動機構と、
前記2つの回転自由度において前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の位置を検知して、センサ信号を出力する、複数のセンサであって、前記センサ信号は、前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物の前記位置を表現する情報を具備しており、前記情報は前記ホストコンピュータにより受信される、複数のセンサと、
を具備することを特徴とするインターフェース装置。 - 前記2つの回転軸は実質的に直交しており、前記複数のアクチュエータは、前記直交する軸の一つの周りで力を各々が提供するように配置される、2つのアクチュエータを具備することを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記複数の部材は、
前記接地部材と第2の部材との間において回転可能に接続する第1の部材と、
前記第1の部材と第3の部材との間において回転可能に接続する第2の部材と、
前記第2の部材と第4の部材との間において回転可能に接続する第3の部材と、
前記第3の部材と前記接地部材との間において接続する第4の部材と、
を具備しており、
前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記第2と第3の部材の内少なくとも1つにおける回転式継手部において前記ジンバル機構に接続することを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。 - 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記2つの回転軸の概略交点において、前記ジンバル機構に接続することを特徴とする請求項31に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物が第1の位置にある場合に、前記接地部材と前記第1の部材との間の第1の継手部及び前記第3の部材と前記第4の部材との間の第3の継手部は、前記回転軸の1つにおいて整列しており、
前記第1の部材と前記第2の部材との間の第2の継手部及び前記第4の部材と前記接地部材との間の第4の継手部は、前記回転軸の異なる1つにおいて整列することを特徴とする請求項32に記載のインターフェース装置。 - 前記キャプスタン駆動機構の前記複数の部材はケーブルであることを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 各前記アクチュエータは、前記接地部材に接続するハウジングと、前記キャプスタン駆動機構の前記プーリーに接続する回動可能なシャフトとを具備することを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記2つの回転軸の概略交点を介して伸張する、第3の軸に沿って第3の自由度において移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記第3の自由度において力を提供するために前記ジンバル機構に接続する、アクチュエータを更に具備することを特徴とする請求項36に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記ホストコンピュータは、前記アクチュエータにより出力される力に同調する、アプリケーションプログラムにおけるグラフィック環境を実現することを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
- 前記ユーザーによる操作が可能な対象物は、前記2つの回転軸の概略交点を介して伸張する、第3の軸の周りで第3の自由度において回転可能であることを特徴とする請求項29に記載のインターフェース装置。
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US08/374,288 US5731804A (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1995-01-18 | Method and apparatus for providing high bandwidth, low noise mechanical I/O for computer systems |
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1995
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- 1996-01-17 AU AU51678/96A patent/AU5167896A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-01-17 EP EP96908443A patent/EP0804786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-17 DE DE69632028T patent/DE69632028T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-17 CA CA002210725A patent/CA2210725C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-17 WO PCT/US1996/000701 patent/WO1996022591A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-06-06 US US08/870,956 patent/US6246390B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-17 US US08/932,316 patent/US6154198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-09 US US09/852,401 patent/US7023423B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
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-
2006
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2006286016A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
DE69632028T2 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
DE69632028D1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
US6154198A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
US7023423B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
US5731804A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
US20050162383A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CA2210725C (en) | 2001-05-08 |
CA2210725A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
EP0804786A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
EP0804786B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US7460104B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
US6246390B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
EP0804786A4 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
US20020018046A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
JP3847782B2 (ja) | 2006-11-22 |
JPH10512983A (ja) | 1998-12-08 |
WO1996022591A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
AU5167896A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
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