JP4339927B2 - 半導体チップの積層方法 - Google Patents
半導体チップの積層方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4339927B2 JP4339927B2 JP2008534802A JP2008534802A JP4339927B2 JP 4339927 B2 JP4339927 B2 JP 4339927B2 JP 2008534802 A JP2008534802 A JP 2008534802A JP 2008534802 A JP2008534802 A JP 2008534802A JP 4339927 B2 JP4339927 B2 JP 4339927B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
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Description
また、特許文献2には、平均粒径が10〜500μmであり、アスペクト比が1.1以下である樹脂微粒子を配合した接着剤を用いると、樹脂微粒子がギャップ調整材として機能する旨が記載されている。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
尚、ギャップ間距離とは、一の電子部品と他の電子部品又は支持部材を接着した時の、一の電子部品と、他の電子部品又は支持部材との距離を意味する。
上記電子部品は特に限定されず、例えば、半導体チップ、センサ、EI型やEE型のトランス部品のコイル鉄心等が挙げられる。なかでも、半導体チップが好適に用いられる。
また、上記支持部材は、上記半導体チップ等の電子部品を支持することができる部材であれば特に限定されず、例えば、リードフレーム、樹脂基板、セラミック基板等従来公知の部材が挙げられる。
上記スペーサ粒子は、CV値の上限が10%である。CV値が10%を超えると、スペーサ粒子径のばらつきが大きくなり、一の電子部品と他の電子部品又は支持部材とを接合したときに、これらを平行にかつ正確なギャップ間距離で接合することができなくなり、スペーサ粒子としての機能を充分に果たせなくなる。CV値の好ましい上限は6%、より好ましい上限は4%である。
なお、本明細書においてCV値とは、下記式(1)により求められる数値のことである。
スペーサ粒子径のCV値(%)=(σ2/Dn2)×100 (1)
式(1)中、σ2は、粒子径の標準偏差を表し、Dn2は、数平均粒子径を表す。
上記樹脂粒子を構成する樹脂は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレンテレフタラート、ポリブチレンテレフタラート、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリスルフォン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリアセタール等が挙げられる。なかでも、スペーサ粒子の硬さと回復率を調整しやすく耐熱性についても向上させることが可能であることから、架橋樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
上記スペーサ粒子に表面処理を施すことにより、本発明の電子部品用接着剤において後述する粘度特性を実現することが可能となる。
上記表面処理の方法は特に限定されず、例えば、接着組成物が全体として疎水性を示す場合には、表面に親水基を付与することが好ましい。このような手段は特に限定されず、例えば、スペーサ粒子として上記樹脂粒子を用いる場合には、樹脂粒子の表面を、親水基を有するカップリング剤で処理する方法等が挙げられる。
K=(3/√2)・F・S−3/2・R−1/2 (2)
式(2)中、F、Sはそれぞれスペーサ粒子の10%圧縮変形における荷重値(kgf)、圧縮変位(mm)を表し、Rは該スペーサ粒子の半径(mm)を表す。
まず、平滑表面を有する鋼板の上にスペーサ粒子を散布した後、その中から1個のスペーサ粒子を選び、微小圧縮試験機を用いてダイヤモンド製の直径50μmの円柱の平滑な端面でスペーサ粒子を圧縮する。この際、圧縮荷重を電磁力として電気的に検出し、圧縮変位を作動トランスによる変位として電気的に検出する。そして、得られた圧縮変位−荷重の関係から10%圧縮変形における荷重値、圧縮変位をそれぞれ求め、得られた結果からK値を算出する。
上記K値の測定の場合と同様の手法によって圧縮変位を作動トランスによる変位として電気的に検出し、反転荷重値まで圧縮したのち荷重を減らしていき、その際の荷重と圧縮変位との関係を測定する。得られた測定結果から圧縮回復率を算出する。ただし、除荷重における終点は荷重値ゼロではなく、0.1g以上の原点荷重値とする。
また、上記スペーサ粒子以外に、上記スペーサ粒子の平均粒子径以上の径を有する固形成分を含有する場合は、このような固形成分の配合量の好ましい上限は、1重量%である。また、その固形成分の融点は硬化温度以下であることが好ましい。
更に、その固形成分の最大粒子径は、スペーサ粒子の平均粒子径の1.1〜1.5倍であることが好ましく、1.1〜1.2倍であることがより好ましい。
上記硬化性化合物は特に限定されず、例えば、付加重合、重縮合、重付加、付加縮合、又は、開環重合反応により硬化する化合物を用いることができる。具体的には、例えば、ユリア樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、レゾルシノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリベンズイミダゾール樹脂、ジアリルフタレート樹脂、キシレン樹脂、アルキル−ベンゼン樹脂、エポキシアクリレート樹脂、珪素樹脂、ウレタン樹脂等の熱硬化性化合物が挙げられる。なかでも、接合後に得られる半導体装置の信頼性及び接合強度に優れていることから、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂が好ましく、イミド骨格を有するエポキシ樹脂がより好ましい。
また、上記レゾシノール型エポキシ樹脂のうち、市販品は、例えば、EX−201(ナガセケムテックス社製)等が挙げられる。
上記硬化剤は特に限定されず、従来公知の硬化剤を上記硬化性化合物に合わせて適宜選択することができる。硬化性化合物としてエポキシ樹脂を用いる場合の硬化剤は、例えば、トリアルキルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸等の加熱硬化型酸無水物系硬化剤、フェノール系硬化剤、アミン系硬化剤、ジシアンジアミド等の潜在性硬化剤、カチオン系触媒型硬化剤等が挙げられる。これらの硬化剤は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、融点が120℃以上の材質で被覆されたマイクロカプセル型硬化剤も好適に用いることができる。
上記希釈剤は、本発明の電子部品用接着剤の加熱硬化時に硬化物に取り込まれるような反応性希釈剤であることが好ましい。なかでも、上記硬化物の接着信頼性を悪化させないために1分子中に2以上の官能基を持つ反応性希釈剤が好ましい。
このような反応性希釈剤は、例えば、脂肪族型エポキシ、エチレンオキサイド変性エポキシ、プロピレンオキサイド変性エポキシ、シクロヘキサン型エポキシ、ジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ、フェノール型エポキシ等が挙げられる。
上記チキソトロピー付与剤は特に限定されず、例えば、金属微粒子、炭酸カルシウム、ヒュームドシリカ、酸化アルミニウム、窒化硼素、窒化アルミニウム、硼酸アルミ等の無機微粒子等を用いることができる。なかでも、ヒュームドシリカが好ましい。
上記溶媒は特に限定されず、例えば、芳香族炭化水素類、塩化芳香族炭化水素類、塩化脂肪族炭化水素類、アルコール類、エステル類、エーテル類、ケトン類、グリコールエーテル(セロソルブ)類、脂環式炭化水素類、脂肪族炭化水素類等が挙げられる。
上記無機イオン交換体のうち、市販品は、例えば、IXEシリーズ(東亞合成社製)等が挙げられる。
上記無機イオン交換体の配合量は特に限定されず、好ましい下限は1重量%、好ましい上限は10重量%である。
上記ブリード防止剤は、表面親水化処理したヒュームドシリカが好ましい。
また、上記接合温度でのE型粘度計を用いた10rpmにおける粘度の好ましい下限は5Pa・sである。上記接合温度でのE型粘度計を用いた10rpmにおける粘度が5Pa・s未満であると、電子部品と他の電子部品又は支持部材との接合時に、はみ出し等が発生し、塗布形状安定性を確保することが困難となることがある。
上記混合の方法は特に限定されず、例えば、遊星式攪拌機、プラネタリーミキサー、ホモディスパー、万能ミキサー、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダー等を使用する方法を用いることができる。
上記塗布工程(1)において、上記半導体チップ又は支持部材に本発明の電子部品用接着剤を塗布する方法は特に限定されず、例えば、ディスペンス、インクジェット法、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷及びグラビア印刷法等従来公知のコーティング法や印刷法等が挙げられる。
本半導体チップ積層工程(2)では、積層する上記一の半導体チップにより上記接着剤層に押圧を加え、上記接着剤層の厚さを目的とする半導体チップ積層体の半導体チップの間隔となるようにする。
本工程を経ることで、本発明の電子部品用接着剤に含まれるスペーサ粒子の平均粒子径が接着剤層の厚さに対して40〜70%となる、接着剤層が形成される。
上記接着剤層を硬化させる方法は特に限定されず、本発明の電子部品用接着剤に含まれる硬化性化合物に応じて適宜選択され、例えば、上記硬化性化合物として、上述したエポキシ樹脂を含有する場合、上記接着剤層を加熱する方法が挙げられる。
このような本発明の半導体チップの積層方法により製造されてなる半導体装置もまた、本発明の1つである。
(1)電子部品用接着剤の調製
表1及び表2の組成に従って、下記に示すスペーサ粒子以外の各材料を、遊星式攪拌機を用いて攪拌混合して、接着組成物を作製した。得られた接着組成物に、スペーサ粒子を表1及び表2の組成に従って配合し、更に遊星式攪拌機を用いて攪拌混合することにより、実施例1〜8及び比較例1〜10に係る電子部品用接着剤を調製した。なお、表1及び表2中、各組成の配合量は重量部を表す。
ジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ樹脂(「HP−7200HH」、大日本インキ化学工業社製)
ナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂(「HP−4032D」、大日本インキ化学工業社製、常温で液状)
レゾシノール型エポキシ樹脂(「EX201」、ナガセケムテックス社製、常温で液状)
低粘度エポキシ樹脂(「EP−4088S」、旭電化工業社製、粘度250mPa・s/25℃)
酸無水物(「YH−307」、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製)
樹脂粒子1(「ミクロパールSP−210」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=10μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子2(「ミクロパールSP−207」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=7μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子3(「ミクロパールSP−205」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=5μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子4(「ミクロパールSP−203」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=3μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子5(「ミクロパールSP−204」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=4.5μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子6(「ミクロパールSP−206」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=6μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子7(「ミクロパールSP−204」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=3.8μm、CV値=4%)
樹脂粒子8(「ミクロパールSP−208」、積水化学工業社製、平均粒子径=8μm、CV値=4%)
球状シリカ1(「HS301」、マイクロン社製、平均粒子径=2.4μm、CV値>10%)
球状シリカ2(「HS302」、マイクロン社製、平均粒子径=6.8μm、CV値>10%)
イミダゾール化合物(「2MA−OK」、四国化成工業社製)
ヒュームドシリカ(「AEROSIL R202S」、日本アエロジル社製)
エポキシ基含有アクリル樹脂(「ブレンマーCP−30」、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製)
CTBN変性エポキシ樹脂(「EPR−4023」、旭電化工業社製)
得られた電子部品用接着剤を10mLシリンジ(岩下エンジニアリング社製)に充填し、シリンジ先端に精密ノズル(岩下エンジニアリング社製、ノズル先端径0.3mm)を取り付け、ディスペンサ装置(「SHOT MASTER300」、武蔵エンジニアリング社製)を用いて、吐出圧0.4MPa、半導体チップとニードルとのギャップ200μm、塗布量5mgにてガラス基板上に塗布した。
塗布を行った後、シリコンチップ(厚さ80μm、10mm×10mm角)をダイボンダー(「BESTEM−D02」、キャノンマシナリー社製)を用いて、25℃にて、表1及び表2に記載の時間押圧することにより積層した。このとき、目的とするギャップ間距離は10μmとした。その後、150℃で60分間加熱を行い、電子部品用接着剤を硬化させることにより、半導体チップ積層体を作製した。
実施例及び比較例で調製した電子部品用接着剤、及び、作製した半導体チップ積層体について、以下の方法により評価を行った。結果を表1及び表2に示した。
実施例及び比較例で調製した電子部品用接着剤について、E型粘度測定装置(商品名「VISCOMETER TV−22」、TOKI SANGYO CO.LTD社製、使用ローターはφ15mm、設定温度は25℃)を用いて回転数0.5rpm、1rpm及び10rpmにおける粘度を測定した。更に、実施例及び比較例で調製した電子部品用接着剤について、E型粘度装置を用いて25℃、1rpmの条件で測定した粘度をT1、E型粘度装置を用いて25℃、10rpmの条件で測定した粘度をT2とし、T1/T2の値を算出した。
半導体チップ積層体を作製する際に、半導体チップを積層したときのギャップ間距離をレーザー変位計(「LT9010M」、「KS−1100」、KEYENCE社製)を用いて測定し、スペーサ粒子の平均粒子径のギャップ間距離に対する割合を算出した。
測定したサンプル数は、各25個とし、チップの中心、及び、チップの周辺の2カ所での平均値をギャップ間距離とした。また、チップの中心、及び、チップの周辺でのギャップ間距離の差を傾きとした。
作製した半導体チップ積層体について、ギャップ間距離が10±3μm、傾きが±3μm以下の場合を「○」と、ギャップ間距離が10±5μm、傾きが±5μm以下の場合を「△」と、ギャップ間距離が10±5μm、傾きが±5μm以上の場合を「×」と、ギャップ間距離が15μm<の場合を「××」と評価した。
Claims (1)
- 一の半導体チップと他の半導体チップ又は支持部材とを30μm以下のギャップ間距離で平行に積層する半導体チップの積層方法であって、
硬化性化合物、硬化剤及びスペーサ粒子を含有し、前記一の半導体チップと他の半導体チップ又は支持部材とを接合する際の温度におけるE型粘度計を用いた10rpmでの粘度が50Pa・s以下であり、前記スペーサ粒子は、CV値が10%以下であり、平均粒子径が、前記一の半導体チップと他の半導体チップ又は支持部材とのギャップ間距離の40〜70%である電子部品用接着剤を用いるものであり、
前記他の半導体チップ又は支持部材に、前記電子部品用接着剤を塗布して接着剤層を形成する塗布工程(1)、
前記接着剤層を介して前記一の半導体チップを積層する半導体チップ積層工程(2)、及び、
前記一の半導体チップと、前記他の半導体チップ又は支持部材との間の接着剤層を硬化させる硬化工程(3)を有する
ことを特徴とする半導体チップの積層方法。
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