JP4307244B2 - 改良されたアクセシビリティを有する触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
改良されたアクセシビリティを有する触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4307244B2 JP4307244B2 JP2003501595A JP2003501595A JP4307244B2 JP 4307244 B2 JP4307244 B2 JP 4307244B2 JP 2003501595 A JP2003501595 A JP 2003501595A JP 2003501595 A JP2003501595 A JP 2003501595A JP 4307244 B2 JP4307244 B2 JP 4307244B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 7
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 cationic hydroxyaluminum complexes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000640882 Condea Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/37—Acid treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
耐磨耗性触媒の製造は複数の先行技術文献において開示されている。
温度は熱伝対により測定される。混合物のpHは通常のpHプローブにより測定される。
さらに、塩基、例えば水酸化アンモニウムを前駆体混合物に添加し、その後酸、例えば硝酸が該混合物を脱安定化するために使用されることもまた可能である。
触媒のKVGOへのアクセシビリティはAkzoアクセシビリティ指数(AAI)により定量化された。KVGO溶液の相対濃度が時間の平方根に対してプロットされた。AAIはこのグラフの初期勾配として定義される。
この試験において、触媒床は3つのノズルを有する磨耗プレートの上にある。磨耗プレートは放射熱により700℃において加熱された磨耗管の中に設置される。空気がノズルに強制的に送られ、得られるジェットが触媒粒子及び生成された微粉の上方への輸送をもたらす。磨耗管の頂部に分離チェンバーがあり、そこで流れは消散し、約16ミクロンより大きいほとんどの粒子は磨耗管に落下して戻る。より小さい粒子が収集袋に集められる。
乾燥ベースで30重量%のRE−USY,10重量%のベーマイトアルミナ(Condea Pural 200(商標))、10重量%のアルミニウムクロロヒドロール、及び50重量%のカオリンを含む合計固形含有量が25重量%である、触媒前駆体混合物が水、続いてゼオライト、ベーマイト、アルミニウムクロロヒドロール、及びカオリンを収納容器に添加することにより製造された。
触媒B〜Fが比較例1の比較触媒Aと同じ方法で製造され、相違点は噴霧乾燥の1分前に混合物は10重量%HCl溶液(触媒B及びC)、10重量%NaOH溶液(触媒D及びE)又は10重量%NH4OH溶液(触媒F)の予備反応器への連続添加(滞留時間:25秒)により脱安定化されたことである。脱安定化後、粘度は0.1s-1の剪断速度において75Pa・sまで増加した。
比較例3
乾燥ベースで35重量%のRE−USY,15重量%のベーマイトアルミナ(CP1.5(商標)、Alcoa製)、15重量%のアルミニウムクロロヒドロール、5重量%のナトリウムフリーシリカゾル、及び30重量%のカオリンを含む、30%の合計固形含有量を有する触媒前駆体混合物が収納容器に、水、続いて、ゼオライト、ベーマイト、アルミニウムクロロヒドロール、シリカゾル、及びカオリンを添加することにより製造された。
粘度はコーン・プレート形状を有するPhysica(商標)UDSレオメーターを用いて測定された。この比較例において、混合物は噴霧乾燥前に脱安定化されなかった。
触媒H〜Lが比較例3の比較触媒Gと同じ方法で製造され、相違点は噴霧乾燥の1分前に混合物は、10重量%NaOH溶液又は10重量%NH4OH溶液の予備反応器への連続添加(滞留時間:25秒)により脱安定化されたことである。脱安定化後、粘度は0.1s-1の剪断速度において75Pa・sまで増加した。
これらの結果は、本発明の方法で、良好な高温耐磨耗性を維持する一方で、脱安定化無しの同様の条件下で得られた触媒に比較して、改良されたアクセシビリティを有する触媒が得られたことを再び示す。さらに、本発明は、非常に高いアクセシビリティを有し、なおかなりよい強度を有する触媒を製造する方法を提供する。
乾燥ベースで30重量%のRE−USY,6重量%のアルミニウムクロロヒドロール、
及び64重量%のカオリンを含む、25%の合計固形含有量を有する触媒前駆体混合物が収納容器に、水、続いて、ゼオライト、アルミニウムクロロヒドロール、及びカオリンを添加することにより製造された。
この比較触媒Mのアクゾアクセシビリティ指数(AAI)は5.0であった。
触媒Nが、比較例5の比較触媒Mと同じ方法で製造され、相違点は噴霧乾燥の1分前に混合物は、10重量%NH4OH溶液の予備反応器への連続添加(滞留時間:25秒)により脱安定化されたことである。得られた混合物のpHは5.0であった。
この触媒Nのアクゾアクセシビリティ指数(AAI)は16.0であった。
Claims (18)
- 触媒成分又はその前駆体を水性媒体中で混合して、触媒前駆体混合物を形成すること、該混合物を噴霧乾燥装置に供給すること、及び該混合物を噴霧乾燥して粒子を形成することを含む触媒の製造方法であって、噴霧乾燥工程の前300秒未満内に、該混合物が予備反応器において脱安定化され、予備反応器に入る前よりも、予備反応器を出た後に、より高い粘度を有する混合物を形成することを特徴とする製造方法。
- 触媒がFCC触媒である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒前駆体混合物が、アルミニウムクロロヒドロール又はアルミニウムクロロヒドロール含有組成物を含む、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルミニウムクロロヒドロール含有組成物が、アルミニウム三水和物(ベーマイト)又はその熱的に処理された形をHClと(部分的に)反応させることにより製造されたものである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 触媒前駆体混合物が、硝酸をベースとするアルミナゾルを含む、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 硝酸をベースとするアルミナゾルが、アルミニウム三水和物(ベーマイト)又はその熱的に処理された形をHNO3と(部分的に)反応させることにより製造されたものである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 酸又は塩基が脱安定化を促進するために添加される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化が、pHを3.5より下に下降させること、又はpHを4.5より上に上昇させることにより行われる、請求項3〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 触媒前駆体混合物が、水ガラス及び/又はナトリウム含有の又は非含有のシリカゾルを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化が、1〜5の範囲にある初期pHを3〜10の範囲の脱安定化pHに上昇させることにより行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化が、pHを2.5〜3.5から4〜6に上昇させることにより行われる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 触媒前駆体混合物が、解膠されたアルミナを含む、請求項1〜7及び9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化が、3〜5の範囲にある初期pHを4以上の脱安定化pHに上昇させることにより行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化が、温度を15〜35℃から40〜99℃に変化させることにより行われる、請求項1〜7、9、又は12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱安定化におけるpHが、pH調節剤の添加により変化される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- pH調節剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、硝酸、アルミン酸ナトリウム、酸化マグネシウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、シリカゾル、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸アンモニウム、及びリン酸ジアンモニウムの少なくとも1である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- pH調節剤が、リン酸塩処理されたゼオライト、リン酸塩とゼオライトとの混合物、アニオン性粘土、及びドープされたアニオン性粘土の少なくとも1である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- pH調節剤が、アニオン性粘土、又はドープされたアニオン性粘土であって、該アニオン性粘土は水熱処理により安定化されているか又は水熱条件下で製造されているところの、請求項17に記載の方法。
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