JP4288592B2 - 電池 - Google Patents
電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4288592B2 JP4288592B2 JP2004011831A JP2004011831A JP4288592B2 JP 4288592 B2 JP4288592 B2 JP 4288592B2 JP 2004011831 A JP2004011831 A JP 2004011831A JP 2004011831 A JP2004011831 A JP 2004011831A JP 4288592 B2 JP4288592 B2 JP 4288592B2
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- negative electrode
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- active material
- electrolyte
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 29
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- -1 carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 8
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound BrC1COC(=O)O1 KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGBSGZQLNTJQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(OC1)=O.C1(OC(CO1)F)=O QVGBSGZQLNTJQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004706 CaSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019001 CoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019974 CrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005329 FeSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012404 LiSnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017996 MIO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019021 Mg 2 Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017028 MnSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005881 NiSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005790 SnSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
(化1)
[PFa (CHb Fc (CF3 )d )e ]-
(式中、a,b,c,dおよびeは、それぞれ以下に示す式を満たす数である。a=1,2,3,4または5、b=0または1、c=0,1,2または3、d=0,1,2または3、e=1,2,3または4、a+e=6、b+c+d=3、およびb+c≠0)
(化2)
[PFa (CHb Fc (CF3 )d )e ]-
(式中、a,b,c,dおよびeは、それぞれ以下に示す式を満たす数である。a=1,2,3,4または5、b=0または1、c=0,1,2または3、d=0,1,2または3、e=1,2,3または4、a+e=6、b+c+d=3、およびb+c≠0)
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る二次電池の構成を表すものである。この二次電池は、いわゆるコイン型といわれるものであり、外装カップ11に収容された負極12と、外装缶13に収容された正極14とが、電解液を含浸させたセパレータ15を介して積層されている。外装カップ11および外装缶13の周縁部は絶縁性のガスケット16を介してかしめることにより密閉されている。外装カップ11および外装缶13は、例えば、ステンレスあるいはアルミニウムなどの金属によりそれぞれ構成されている。
−[PFa (CHb Fc (CF3 )d )e ]
(式中、a,b,c,dおよびeは、それぞれ以下に示す式を満たす数である。a=1,2,3,4または5、b=0または1、c=0,1,2または3、d=0,1,2または3、e=1,2,3または4、a+e=6、b+c+d=3、およびb+c≠0)
N(Cm F2m+1SO2 )(Cn F2n+1SO2 )-
(式中、mおよびnは1以上の整数である。)
C(Cp F2p+1SO2 )(Cq F2q+1SO2 )(Cr F2r+1SO2 )-
(式中、p,qおよびrは1以上の整数である。)
図2は、本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る二次電池の構成を表すものである。この二次電池は、リード21,22が取り付けられた電極巻回体30をフィルム状の外装部材40A,40Bの内部に収容したものであり、小型化,軽量化および薄型化が可能となっている。
図1に示したコイン型の二次電池を作製した。まず、算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm、厚みが35μmの電解銅箔を負極集電体12Aとして用意し、この負極集電体12Aに蒸着法により負極活物質であるケイ素よりなる厚み4μmの負極活物質層12Bを形成したのち、加熱処理し、負極12を形成した。得られた負極12をXPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;X線光電子分光法)およびAES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy ;オージェ電子分光法)により分析したところ、負極活物質層12Bが、負極集電体12Aとの界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体12Aと合金化していることが確認された。
他の軽金属塩として、LiPF6 に代えて、またはLiPF6 に加えて、表2に示したようにLiBF4 ,LiClO4 ,LiAsF6 ,LiN(CF3 SO2 )2 あるいはLiC(CF3 SO2 )3 を用いたことを除き、他は実施例1−3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。その際、Li[PF3 (C2 F5 )3 ]の含有量は溶媒に対して0.8mol/kgとし、他の軽金属塩の含有量は1種類の場合は溶媒に対して0.2mol/kg、2種類の場合は溶媒に対してそれぞれ1mol/kgとした。
電解質塩として、Li[PF3 (C2 F5 )3 ]に代えて、表3または表4に示したように、Li[PF4 (C2 F5 )2 ]、あるいはLi[PF4 (C2 F5 )2 ]およびLiPF6 、またはLi[PF3 (C4 F9 )3 ]、あるいはLi[PF3 (C4 F9 )3 ]およびLiPF6 を用いたことを除き、他は実施例1−1または実施例1−3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。その際、電解質塩の含有量は溶媒に対して表3または表4に示したように変化させた。
溶媒のエチレンカーボネートをフルオロエチレンカーボネート(4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one )に代えたことを除き、他は実施例1−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。実施例1−26についても実施例1−1と同様にして充放電試験を行い、初回容量およびサイクル特性をそれぞれ調べた。それらの結果を、実施例1−1の結果と共に表5に示す。
負極活物質としてスズを用い、算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm、厚みが25μmの電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体12Aに、電解鍍金によりスズよりなる厚み4μmの負極活物質層12Bを形成したのち、加熱処理して負極12を作製したことを除き、実施例1−1〜1−25と同様にして図1に示したコイン型の二次電池を作製した。その際、電解質塩の種類および含有量は表6,7に示したように変化させた。
Claims (12)
- 正極および負極と共に電解質を備えた電池であって、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に設けられ、負極集電体との界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体と合金化している負極活物質層とを有し、
前記電解質は、化1で表されるアニオンを含む
ことを特徴とする電池。
(化1)
[PFa (CHb Fc (CF3 )d )e ]-
(式中、a,b,c,dおよびeは、それぞれ以下に示す式を満たす数である。a=1,2,3,4または5、b=0または1、c=0,1,2または3、d=0,1,2または3、e=1,2,3または4、a+e=6、b+c+d=3、およびb+c≠0) - 正極および負極と共に電解質を備えた電池であって、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に気相法、液相法および焼結法からなる群のうちの少なくとも1つの方法により形成された負極活物質層とを有し、
前記電解質は、化2で表されるアニオンを含む
ことを特徴とする電池。
(化2)
[PFa (CHb Fc (CF3 )d )e ]-
(式中、a,b,c,dおよびeは、それぞれ以下に示す式を満たす数である。a=1,2,3,4または5、b=0または1、c=0,1,2または3、d=0,1,2または3、e=1,2,3または4、a+e=6、b+c+d=3、およびb+c≠0) - 前記負極活物質層は、負極集電体との界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体と合金化していることを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記負極活物質層は、ケイ素(Si)またはスズ(Sn)の単体,合金および化合物からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記負極集電体の表面粗さは、算術平均粗さで0.1μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は更に溶媒を含み、前記化2で表されるアニオンの含有量は、前記溶媒に対して、0.01mol/kg以上2.0mol/kg以下であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、更に、前記化2で表されるアニオン以外の他のアニオンを含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、更に、PF6 - 、BF4 - 、ClO4 - 、AsF6 - 、化3で表されるアニオン、および化4で表されるアニオンからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
(化3)
N(Cm F2m+1SO2 )(Cn F2n+1SO2 )-
(式中、mおよびnは1以上の整数である。)
(化4)
C(Cp F2p+1SO2 )(Cq F2q+1SO2 )(Cr F2r+1SO2 )-
(式中、p,qおよびrは1以上の整数である。) - 前記電解質は、エチレンカーボネートを含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、ハロゲン原子を有する炭酸エステルの誘導体を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、高分子化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、前記化2で表されるアニオンとして、[PF3 (C2 F5 )3 ]- ,[PF4 (C2 F5 )2 ]- および[PF3 (C4 F9 )3 ]- からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の電池。
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US7417266B1 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2008-08-26 | Qspeed Semiconductor Inc. | MOSFET having a JFET embedded as a body diode |
US8026568B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2011-09-27 | Velox Semiconductor Corporation | Second Schottky contact metal layer to improve GaN Schottky diode performance |
JP4949905B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-06-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP5654191B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-27 | 2015-01-14 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
EP3621141A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 | 2020-03-11 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary battery |
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JP5772901B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-27 | 2015-09-02 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
JP5135712B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-25 | 2013-02-06 | ソニー株式会社 | 二次電池 |
JP4470917B2 (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2010-06-02 | ソニー株式会社 | 電極集電体、電池用電極及び二次電池 |
JP5194483B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2013-05-08 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用シリコン負極集電体、非水電解質二次電池用シリコン負極及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
US7939853B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2011-05-10 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Termination and contact structures for a high voltage GaN-based heterojunction transistor |
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US8633094B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2014-01-21 | Power Integrations, Inc. | GaN high voltage HFET with passivation plus gate dielectric multilayer structure |
US8940620B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-01-27 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Composite wafer for fabrication of semiconductor devices |
US8928037B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2015-01-06 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Heterostructure power transistor with AlSiN passivation layer |
US11469333B1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2022-10-11 | Semiq Incorporated | Counter-doped silicon carbide Schottky barrier diode |
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