JP4287881B2 - 強化された厚手の織物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
強化された厚手の織物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D19/00—Gauze or leno-woven fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/56—Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping
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- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
- D03D15/267—Glass
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Description
[発明の要約]
本発明は、補強ファイバを含む層を有するファブリックにおいて、機械的な歪みの下でファイバを保持して、少なくとも約50%層の厚さを増加させる。そして、ファイバが前述の機械的歪みの下にある間に、ファイバにおける重合体被覆材がファイバを保持する。補強ファブリックの厚さを増加させる方法であり、機械的歪みの下で、グラスファイバを含んだ縦糸ヤーンと横糸ヤーンを有する、スクリムタイプ、組み込まれ、織られ、または編まれたファブリックを保持し、ファブリックの厚さを増加させ、結合剤をファブリックに適用して、上記機械的歪みの下でファブリックを保持する、ことから構成される。補強ファブリックの厚さを増加させる方法であり、機械的歪みの下で、グラスファイバを含んだ縦糸ヤーンと横糸ヤーンを有する、スクリムタイプ、組み込まれ、織られ、または編まれたファブリックを保持して、ファブリックの厚さを増加させ、結合剤をファブリックに適用して、上記機械的歪みの下でファブリックを保持して、構成される。
本発明による実施例では、ファブリックは、重合体またはガラスのファイバを含む方向性を有する層を含んで提供される。その中で、少なくともファイバの一部は、少なくとも50%層の厚さを増加させるために機械的に処理される。これらの処理されたファイバは、層の増加された厚さを保つために重合体被覆材で処理される。
合成外装材:例えば、ファブリック、クロス、ニット、マット、織物、不織布及び/またはスクリム等を、2種類以上含有した、同一材料または異なる材料から形成される層を2層以上有するもののこと。
横糸ヤーンは、撚られた縦糸ヤーンを通って一定の間隔を置いて挿入され、適所で固定される。張力が縦糸ヤーンに適用されるとき、それらはそれらの撚りを戻す方向に作用する。その結果、横糸ヤーンにトルク効果を引き起こす。各縦糸ヤーンは撚りが戻ろうとするので、結合したトルク効果は、ファブリックの面で見られる時に正弦曲線状の断面を呈する横糸ヤーンを作り出す。その結果、ファブリックの幅におけるわずかな損失だけを伴って、ファブリックの厚さは増加する。そのような“厚くする”効果はまた、“不均衡な”ファブリック構造によって生み出される。たとえば、縦糸ヤーンの結合した重さが横糸ヤーンの結合した重さより大きくなった時である。その結果、横糸ヤーンがトルクによる変形に抵抗する能力は減少する。厚くさせる他の方法は、より重い縦糸ヤーンとそれよりも軽い縦糸ヤーンを縦糸方向に使用することである。これは、張力が作用する際に、1縦糸ごとのより大きな張力と、横糸ヤーンのより広いスパンを作り出す。その結果、トルク効果は増大し、通常の製造状態でも、ファブリックの厚さは増大する。本発明のファブリックは、有機、無機材料のファイバ及びフィラメントを含むことが出来る。これらは、ガラス、オレフィン(たとえばポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン)、Kevlar(登録商標)、グラファイト、レーヨン、ポリエステル、カーボン、セラミックファイバ、またはこれらを組み合わせたもの、たとえばガラスポリエステル混合物またはSt.Gobain Corporation(フランス)によって利用可能となったTwintex(登録商標)ガラス−オレフィン(ポリプロピレンまたはポリエチレン)混合物、を含むことができる。これらのタイプのファイバとフィラメントでは、それらの耐火性、低コスト、強力な機械力特性の観点から、ガラス合成物が最も望ましい。
多くのガラス合成物が開発されているが、ほんのわずかだけが連続グラスファイバを作り出すために商業的に使用される。使用される4つの主要なガラスは、高アルカリ抵抗の(AR−ガラス)ガラス、電気のグレードの(E−ガラス)、化学物質抵抗を有する改良したE−ガラス(ECR−ガラス)、および高強度(S−ガラス)である。4つのガラスの代表的な化学組成は表1で表す。
炉床で溶解したガラスの、連続するガラスファイバへの転化は、基本的には細径化(attenuation)工程によって行う。溶解したガラスは、非常に多くの孔若しくはチップ(一般的な製造では400−8000)を有する、プラチナ−ロジウム合金ブッシュを介して流動する。ブッシュを電気的に加熱し、一定のガラス粘度を維持する目的で、熱を正確に調整する。ファイバがブッシュから出て行く際に、該ファイバを引き出し、急速にこれを冷却する。ガラスフィラメントが通過する薄い膜を維持するために糊溶液内を連続回転する糊付け器上を、ファイバを通過させることにより、ファイバの表面に糊剤を塗布する。糊付けの後、フィラメントをストランドに形成し、巻取機に近づける。少ない束のフィラメント(スプリットストランド)しか必要としない場合には、複合集合装置(しばしばシューと呼ばれる)を使う。
連続グラスファイバを一旦製造したら、これを予定した使用目的に添った、適宜な形状に転化させる必要がある。主な最終形状は、織物として使用する、連続ロービング、編みロービング、グラスファイバマット、チョップドストランド、ヤーンである。ヤーンは本発明の多くの目的に使用される。
しばしば、構成と呼ばれる、ファブリックパターンは、xy座標系のことである。y軸は縦糸ヤーンを表し、これはファブリックロールの長軸である(一般的に、およそ30−150メートル、即ち、100−500フィート)。x軸は、フィル方向であり、即ち、ロールの幅を表す(一般的に、およそ910−3050ミリメートル、即ち、36−120インチ)。基本的なファブリックは、数が少ないが、異なる縦糸/フィル総数を有する、異なるタイプや異なるサイズのヤーンの組み合わせにより、数百のバリエーションが可能となる。
この試みは、開口した不均衡な構造のレノ織りファブリックへの十分に厚さを増加させる効力(“Z”面で)を立証するために行われた。
ファブリックの厚さは、トルク効果を用いない同じファブリックよりも0.5から100倍増加できることがわかる。0.54mmから1.46mmへ、2.7倍の増加が観測された。これは、フレームD上のファブリックに可能な最も高い張力を適用することで達成され、その後、クリップ(105)の幅をゆっくり減少させた。ファブリックの幅は2465mmから2380mm(約3.4%)へ、85mm(3.3インチ)減少した。ファブリックは、工程で過度に歪められず、品質の多少の微調整が許容され得るべきである。厚くされたファブリックの、45.7メートルの長さのロール2個と30メートルの長さのロール2個が生産された。
試験の詳細
機械:フレームD
ラインスピード:25メートル/分
炉温度:185/185℃
巻取機:センタ巻取機
開放圧:140psig
前部出力圧:8psig
張力:15
クリップ間隔:93インチ
ファブリックの分析
1パネルの最終的な幅:1190mm(フリンジエッジを含めると1202mm)
ヤーン総数:10cmあたり20.64x10.0end/picks
被覆されたファブリックの重量:113.4グラム/m2
被覆材付加量:31.9%
厚さ:1.46mm(0.058インチ)
上記から、本発明が、より厚いファブリックと製造方法を提供すると理解できる。実質的に補強の費用を増加させないで、これらのファブリックは、垂直または“Z”方向へマトリクスを補強するすばらしい能力を有するだろう。
Claims (2)
- 合成材料を補強するための補強ファブリックであって、
該補強ファブリックは、
補強ファイバである第2のヤーンと共にレノ織物に織られた補強ファイバである第1のヤーンを有するファブリックの層を有し、
前記層の前記第1のヤーンには、張力が適用され、これにより該第1のヤーンは前記層の第2のヤーンにトルクを作用させて、前記第2のヤーンが第1の位置から第2の位置に波立つことで、前記ファブリックの幅を減少させる形で少なくとも前記層の厚みを50パーセント増加させており、
前記層上に、前記第2の位置にある第2のヤーンを保持する接合剤を設け、て構成し、
前記より厚くなった補強ファブリックで前記合成材料を補強し得るようにしたことを特徴とする補強ファブリック。 - 補強ファブリックの層の厚さを増加させて合成材料を補強する方法であって、前記層は、補強ファイバである第2のヤーンと共にレノ織物に織られた補強ファイバである第1のヤーンを有する層であり、
該方法は、
前記層の前記第1のヤーンに張力を作用させて前記層の第2のヤーンにトルクを作用させ、前記第2のヤーンを前記層の第1の位置から該層の第2の位置に波立たせて、前記ファブリックの幅を減少させる形で少なくとも前記層の厚みを50パーセント増加させ、
前記第2の位置にある第2のヤーンを保持する接合剤を前記層上に適用し、
前記より厚くなった補強ファブリックで前記合成材料を補強するようにして構成したことを特徴とする方法。
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EP (1) | EP1697130B1 (ja) |
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-
2003
- 2003-12-19 US US10/742,087 patent/US7786026B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-12-06 WO PCT/US2004/040555 patent/WO2005065942A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-06 JP JP2006545712A patent/JP4287881B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-06 EP EP04812966.2A patent/EP1697130B1/en active Active
- 2004-12-06 CA CA 2547725 patent/CA2547725C/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-06-16 US US11/155,129 patent/US7632763B2/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-07-26 US US11/828,697 patent/US7867350B2/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-08-05 US US12/535,964 patent/US20090291603A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-08-31 US US12/550,822 patent/US7699949B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2010
- 2010-01-13 US US12/686,435 patent/US8187401B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1697130A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
US20100108244A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
EP1697130B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
EP1697130A4 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
US7867350B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
JP2007514878A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
US7699949B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
CA2547725C (en) | 2011-11-08 |
US20050136758A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
WO2005065942A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US7786026B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
US20080017270A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
US7632763B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
US20060014457A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
CA2547725A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US8187401B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
US20100000665A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
US20090291603A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
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