JP4262963B2 - Comb culture method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for culturing kombu.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Abalone is one of the most expensive seafood and is traded at thousands to 10,000 yen per kilogram at market prices. Abalone catch in Japan is stagnant, and fishing ground creation and seedling release aiming at resource recovery have been actively carried out in various places, but poaching, predation habitat environment (algae ground) by harmful organisms is decreasing or worsening The expected effect is not obtained. As a means of securing abalone as a foodstuff, there is a great expectation for underwater or on-shore aquaculture, which is performed mainly in northern Japan. However, in Toyama Prefecture, the coast is steep and deep, so the suitable areas for underwater aquaculture are limited, and high summer temperatures are often a problem. In addition, even when cultivating land, it is necessary to secure clean and appropriate seawater and a large amount of food.
In abalone farming, securing food is one of the important issues. Unless you consider self-sufficiency in some way, both mixed and natural feeds must be purchased in large quantities and stored at low temperatures, which increases costs. In addition, the problem of denaturation also arises when the storage period is long. It has been pointed out that in order to cultivate large brown algae, which is a staple food for adult abalone shellfish, by conventional methods, the portion that protrudes from the large aquarium and is exposed to the air tends to die.
On the other hand, recently, in Toyama Prefecture, deep sea water with low water temperature, superior cleanliness, and rich in nutrient salts has been taken compared to surface seawater. Cultivation of cold-water feed algae such as diatoms is underway.
The deep ocean water has a low temperature and stable temperature compared to the ocean surface water, and contains a lot of nutrient salts suitable for the growth of the kombu, thus promoting the regeneration length of the cold water kombu. In addition, there are several reports in Japan that have raised abalone while raising feed algae in deep water, but most of them have been raised as larval shellfish (shell length of 40 mm or less) and are aimed at farming to the edible size. There are only examples of growing up to bite abalone (shell length 60 mm) using adhering diatoms as feed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above circumstances, and a method for cultivating a kombu that is a staple food of abalone, sea urchin or sazae, and can efficiently supply it as a feed throughout the year, and a high quality abalone, sea urchin or sazae. It is an object of the present invention to provide an abalone, sea urchin or turban shell cultivation method capable of stably harvesting rice.
[0005]
[Means for solving the problems]
Of the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a base around which a thread of a kombu seedling is wound is submerged in a culture tank in which deep ocean water circulates, A juvenile that is grown on a substrate by growing the comb on the substrate and cutting it within a reproducible range, cultivating the cut comb by repeatedly performing the cutting using the intergrowth growth of the comb . Is a juvenile kombu germinated on the thread by suspending the cut leaf-like piece under the water surface of the culture tank, inducing maturation, and attaching the spores of the comb released from the leaf-like piece to the yarn A method for cultivating a kombu characterized by
[0006]
Here, the material of the yarn is not particularly limited as long as the spore of the kombu adheres and the juvenile is fixed, and examples thereof include cotton yarn. Further, the water temperature of the deep sea water is not particularly limited as long as it is within a range in which the kombu can be grown, but for example, a water temperature of 5 ° C to 10 ° C is preferable.
[0008]
And the culture apparatus for implementing the method of Claim 1 distribute | circulates a deep sea water in the culture tank provided with the inflow pipe which takes in deep sea water, and the outflow pipe which flows out deep sea water. In the culture tank, there is provided a comb that grows on the base and that can be cut within a reproducible range and that can be cut repeatedly by repeating the grown comb. it can.
[0009]
Further, as kelp culture methods, it may be the culture vessel as a plurality of stages and / or multiple columns. Here, the term “multiple stages” refers to a state in which stepped steps such as an upper stage, a middle stage, and a lower stage are provided, and a culture tank is arranged in each stage, whereby the deep ocean water is in a higher stage. It automatically flows from the placed culture tank to the lower culture tank. Moreover, a plurality of rows refers to a state in which a plurality of culture tanks are provided in each step of the same height.
[0010]
Furthermore, as a culture device for the kombu, a leaf-like piece for inducing maturation may be suspended in any one of the culture tanks.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a method and apparatus for culturing a kombu using deep sea water according to the present invention, and an abalone culture method using the kombu as a staple food and an apparatus for culturing the same will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
The kombu of the experimental material is macomb, which was cultured at the Toyama Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station. Seed yarns are tied to several plastic square bases (40cm x 40cm) 5-6 pieces each, and heated deep layer water (for cherry trout heat exchange: about 17 ° C to 18 ° C groundwater heated by heat exchange, about 11 C.) was submerged in an outdoor 1t culture tank in which a deep water source (11 ° C.) was distributed, and a part was suspended and cultured in a low light amount (about 6 μEm ⁻² s ⁻¹ ).
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, maturation induction is performed in the vicinity of the surface of the culture tank 4 through which warming deep water flows (from 10 cm below the surface) to the leaf-like piece 7 (15 cm to 30 cm in length) obtained by cutting during the growth test. 20 cm) was hung with a thread 12 and it was confirmed whether or not ascolic spots were regularly formed. The maturation test was conducted every other month.
[0016]
Maturation induction of the cut leaf pieces could be easily performed in the culture tank 4 in which deep water was circulated regardless of the season (season). The leaf-like piece 7 began to form ascopasma in the warmed deep water after 2 weeks of culture each month. Ascomb spots are formed only in the middle part of the leaf-shaped piece (the thick part in the center), and in a separate test for each algal body part, the ascending spot forms earlier as the leaf piece obtained from the top of the alga body The tendency to do was recognized. Moreover, in warming deep layer water and raw | natural water, the period until the ascocyst spot was formed was shorter about 1-2 weeks compared with the case of raw | natural water culture | cultivation by the warming deep layer water.
[0017]
Moreover, using the zoospore obtained by maturation induction in September and actually making seeds of the kombu, a large number of zoospores were released from the leaf pieces that formed ascocysts after 4 weeks of culture. Moreover, as a result of spraying an appropriate amount of this together with seawater on Cremona yarn and attaching it, and incubating it in an incubator (10 ° C.), after about one month, a normal kombu juvenile (11) of about 1 mm can be observed on the yarn. It was.
[0018]
In the growth test of the cut kombu, an outdoor cultured alga body that reached a leaf length of 50 cm to 60 cm and a leaf width of 5 cm in March 2001 according to the above environment was cut once a month at a position 15 cm from the base of the leaf. The culture was continued in the culture tank 4 (0.5 t to 1 t) through which the heated deep water circulated except for the tip. The number of growing plants per square base was 100 to 150 individuals. The amount of growth was examined by using a perforation method (Yokohama et al., 1987) often used for measuring the growth of kombu on the 30 kombu on the base. In this study, a hole 14 was provided from the base of the leaf-like part to a certain part (10 cm), and the distance A to the next hole 14 was measured 3 weeks after cutting (see FIG. 1). In addition, the leaf width of the part where the hole was made at the time of cutting was also measured monthly.
[0019]
As a result, the regeneration length of the kombu was recognized in all algal bodies every month from March 2001 to January 2002 (see FIG. 3 and FIG. 4). Experiments were carried out by measuring the length of the part that was regenerated and extended 3 weeks after cutting each month, but in March when the experiment was started, the algae reached an average of 23.5 cm and reached a maximum leaf length of 65 cm. The body was also recognized. The growth of algal bodies due to interstitial growth tends to gradually decrease toward winter (natural decline), with an average of 8.8 cm in September and an average of 4.1 cm to 6.0 cm in October to December. However, the leaf width (see Fig. 4) showed an increasing trend until September, and reached an average of 11.2cm in September. The increase in leaf width stagnated from October to January, but in December the so-called “protrusion” in the foliate (perennial kombu began to grow after year-round, and the wide-leafed leaf on the root side A phenomenon of pushing up the thin old leaf part) was observed, and the sunshine duration became longer and a slight increase in growth amount was recognized in January.
[0020]
In addition, about the wet weight of the portion where the kombu cut in August and January extended for one month, the average growth amount per algae is about 21 g in August, about 15 g in January, 150 individuals The approximate weight of the leaf pieces obtained on one attached base was calculated to be about 3 kg and 2 kg, respectively.
In addition, when some of the algal bodies were cut in July and continued to be cultured, after 5 months (December), they grew to the maximum length of 230 cm and the leaf width of 17.2 cm.
[0021]
At the same time, a breeding test of Ezo abalone was conducted by feeding Macombu obtained by the growth test. The abalone used in the test was Nordotis discus hannai (produced by Yamagata Prefectural Cultivation Association) with a shell length of 41 mm. Twenty individuals were housed in two indoor aquaculture tanks (0.5 t) in February 2001 with titanium heaters. Breeding was performed with deep water stop set at 15 ° C. and 18 ° C. with a heating device such as the above. Abalone was fed with kombu leaf pieces obtained in the regeneration length experiment, and the amount of food consumed (daily amount) was examined during the first month, and then fed twice a week so that no residual food was produced.
[0022]
As a result of examining the amount of kombu leaf pieces that 20 abalone individuals eat per day, it was about 5 g at a water temperature of 15 ° C. and about 15 g at 18 ° C. (see FIG. 7). Based on this, the daily food intake per individual was calculated to be 0.25 g and 0.75 g, respectively. The abalone shell length (May) fed with the kombu using this amount as a guide and bred for 3 months averaged 45.4 mm at 15 ° C, maximum 51 mm, averaged 46.5 mm at 18 ° C, and maximum 52 mm. It grew about 11 mm at the maximum in 3 months. Since then, some abalone died when the water temperature exceeded the set value due to a rise in temperature or aeration occurred, but after 8 months (October), the shell length was 63 mm, 1 year later ( In February), it reached 67 mm.
[0023]
This time, based on the above research results, as an example of an abalone farming device that uses a combination of staples as a staple food for abalone culturing while supplying a stable supply of combs, as shown in Fig. 6 Devised an abalone aquaculture device utilizing intergrowth growth
The abalone, sea urchin or abalone culturing apparatus shown as an example of this embodiment includes a culture tank 4 for inducing maturation in which two leaf-like pieces 7 are suspended as shown in FIG. 10 square bases (40 cm × 40 cm) having about 150 individuals attached to each culture tank 4 are submerged in each culture tank 4, and each culture tank 4 has a water temperature of 5 ° C. to 10 ° C. An inflow pipe 2 and an outflow pipe 3 for circulating the deep sea water 1 heated to ° C. are provided. Note that the mutual culture tanks 4 arranged in five rows and two stages are connected by a connecting pipe 15 so that the deep ocean water 1 flows in and is discharged.
[0024]
Further, in order to automatically and smoothly flow the deep sea water 1 into each culture tank 4 and each culture tank 8, the height at which each culture tank 4 and each culture tank 8 is installed is in a row. A stepped step is provided for each. By this step, the deep sea water 1 poured from the upper stage automatically flows into and out of the lower culture tanks 4 and the culture tanks 8. For example, in the present embodiment example, there are three steps, and the upper stage includes five culture tanks including one culture tank 4 for maturation induction shown on the right side of FIG. If five culture tanks including one maturation-inducing culture tank 4 on the left side of the figure are in the middle and further two aquaculture tanks are in the lower, the deep ocean water 1 is moved from the upper to the middle and from the middle to the lower. It is automatically distributed (see FIG. 6). Here, in the present embodiment, the culture tank 8 is in the lower stage, but the culture tank 8 may be arranged in the upper stage, and each culture tank 4 may be arranged in the lower stage of the culture tank 8.
[0025]
In addition to the culture apparatus, an abalone juvenile 13, an introduction pipe 9 for taking in the deep sea water 1 from the culture tank 4, and a discharge pipe 10 for discharging the deep sea water are provided. The provided aquaculture tanks 8 are arranged in two rows and two rows and one stage. Between each culture tank 4 and each culture tank 8, the outflow pipe 3 of the culture tank 4 and the introduction pipe 9 of the culture tank 8 are connected, and the deep sea water is heated to 15 ° C. to 20 ° C. In addition to utilizing the kombu culture drainage, new deep sea water flows into each culture tank 8 through another pipe 16 to culture abalone and the like. Heating is mainly more efficient with a boiler.
[0026]
In the example of this abalone culture device, the deep sea water comb culture drainage is used to cultivate abalone by heating the water temperature to 15 ° C to 20 ° C. By circulating the deep water in the culture tank on land I can cover everything. Cutting combs can be used almost a year as abalone feed by growing the leaves after cutting every month and harvesting them regularly like “barber”.
[0027]
First, 8 comb culture tanks with water temperature adjusted to 5 ° C. to 10 ° C. are arranged in 4 rows and 2 rows, and 10 square bases (40 cm × 40 cm) with about 150 kombu attached are placed in one culture tank. . Two pieces of leaf-like pieces that have been regenerated and lengthened by cutting combs in one month of culture are collected every week for two culture tanks and fed to abalone. By using eight 4-row, 2-stage culture tanks and shifting the culture tanks to be collected every week, cutting combs can be used at a cycle of 4 weeks (about 1 month). Each month, the kombu leaf pieces obtained average 15 g to 21 g per algal body, 2 kg to 3 kg from the base, and about 40 kg to 60 kg in two culture tanks, and this is fed to abalone every week. On the other hand, the monthly macombu consumption per abalone with a shell length of about 40 mm (average of water temperature 15 ° C. and 18 ° C.) is about 15 g. Abalone can be reared.
[0028]
If this multi-stage culture system works, 12,000 (= 150 pieces / base × 10 bases / culture tanks × 8 culture tanks) will be cut, and 12,000 to 16,000 individual abalone (shell length) will be calculated. 40mm) can be grown, and it is possible to always keep the seedlings of the kombu. Actually, it is necessary to adjust the number of accommodations in consideration of the increase in food intake accompanying the growth of abalone and the stagnation period of the comb regeneration length. As for the kombu seedlings, it is desirable to prepare a pre-culture tank for inducing maturation and a low-temperature culture tank for storing the kombu seed yarn. Note that cut combs cultured for one year may be cultivated as second-year combs even in sea areas where the average seawater temperature is high, if they are cultured underwater at times when the seawater temperature is low.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the leaf-like pieces of the kombu can be cut repeatedly by using the intergrowth vigor in the culture tank in which the deep sea water circulates. The leaf-like piece that becomes can be efficiently and efficiently supplied as feed throughout the year.
In addition, according to the present invention, the upper part of the comb that reaches a certain length in the culture tank is sequentially cut, so that the comb in the culture tank extends unnecessarily long and blocks the light to grow other combs. Of course, it will not cause any trouble, and it will not be exposed to air and die.
[0030]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, even in a culture tank having a shallow bottom, it is possible to culture the kombu with high density by repeated cutting of the leaf-like pieces, and more particularly if the culture tanks are arranged in a plurality of stages and / or a plurality of rows. Since it is possible to continuously supply abalone, sea urchin, or turban shell as abalone, sea urchin, or turban shell feed, it is possible to cultivate a large amount of abalone, sea urchin, or turban shell. Can be harvested.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a comb according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a culture apparatus for a kombu according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the length of the regenerated length of the cut-off leaf-shaped portion of the kombu according to the present invention for each month.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing the leaf width of the regenerated length of the cut-off leaf-shaped part according to the present invention for each month.
FIG. 5 is a line graph showing the amount of feeding of kombu leaf pieces fed per day by 20 abalone individuals according to the present invention every two days.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an abalone farming apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Deep sea water 2 Inflow pipe 3 Outflow pipe 4 Culture tank 5 Substrate 6 Comb 7 Leaf-shaped piece 8 Culture tank 9 Introducing pipe 10 Drain pipe 11 Comb juvenile 12 Yarn 13 Abalone juvenile 14 Hole 15 Connecting pipe 16 Piping

Claims (1)

Sink the base around which the kombu juvenile is planted into a culture tank in which deep ocean water circulates, grow the kombu on the substrate and cut it within a reproducible range, By cultivating the cut comb by repeatedly performing the cutting using the above, the juvenile planted in the thread hangs the cut leaf-like piece under the water surface of the culture tank to induce maturation, A method for cultivating a kombu, characterized by being a juvenile of a kombu germinated on the yarn by attaching the spores of the kombu released from the leaf-like piece to the yarn.

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