JP4240234B1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4240234B1 JP4240234B1 JP2007280105A JP2007280105A JP4240234B1 JP 4240234 B1 JP4240234 B1 JP 4240234B1 JP 2007280105 A JP2007280105 A JP 2007280105A JP 2007280105 A JP2007280105 A JP 2007280105A JP 4240234 B1 JP4240234 B1 JP 4240234B1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Pt] CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04949—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04953—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
【解決手段】燃料ガスと酸化ガスとの電気化学反応によって発電する燃料電池40と、燃料電池40の発電電力によって駆動されるモータ61と、燃料電池40の発電状態を制御する制御部10とを備え、制御部10が、燃料電池40の総電圧が所定の高電位回避電圧閾値以上になることを抑制する高電位化回避制御を行うとともに、モータ61の制御切換が生じる車速領域では前記高電位化回避制御を禁止する。
【選択図】図1
Description
かかる場合において、高電位回避制御中における燃料電池の発電電力を補機にて消費し切れないときの余剰電力を二次電池に充電する構成を採用したときは、二次電池の過充電を招く可能性がある。特に、二次電池への電力回生中は過充電を招き易い。さらには、上記制御誤差は、二次電池の過放電を招く可能性もある。
かかる場合には、前記制御部は、モータの回転数が所定の回転数以上(ただし、この所定の回転数はインバータ指令電圧に応じて変動する。)で前記高電位化回避制御を禁止してもよい。また、当該燃料電池システムが車載された場合には、前記制御部は、所定の車速以上であるときに前記高電位化回避制御を禁止してもよい。
なお、高分子電解質膜41に塗布する触媒は白金触媒に限らず、白金コバルト触媒(以下、単に触媒という)などにも適用可能である。燃料電池40を構成する各セルは、高分子電解質膜41の両面にアノード極42とカソード極43とをスクリーン印刷などで形成した膜・電極接合体44を備えている。燃料電池40は、複数の単セルを直列に積層したスタック構造を有している。
そして、制御装置10は、インバータ60の制御方式を図2乃至図4に示すように、インバータ指令電圧とトラクションモータ61の回転数およびトルクとに応じて、トラクションモータ61の回転数が高くなるに従い、PWM制御から過変調制御へと、また、過変調制御から矩形制御へと切り換える。
より具体的には、インバータ指令電圧が同じであれば、トラクションモータ61の回転数が所定以上、言い換えれば、車速が所定以上になると、制御方式は、低車速側の第1領域Z1であるPWM制御から、これよりも高車速側の第2領域Z2である過変調制御、及びこれよりもさらに高車速側の第3領域Z3である矩形制御へと、この順に切り換わる。
また、トラクションモータ61の回転数及びトルクが同じであっても(図2,3における動作点(N1,T1)参照)、インバータ指令電圧が所定以上になると、制御方式はPWM制御から過変調制御及び矩形制御へと、この順に切り換わる。
そして、図4(a)に示すようなインバータ指令電圧の上昇に伴い、制御方式が図4(b)のように切り換わると、制御方式が切り換わる度に制御誤差が拡大してしまうので、バッテリーパワーが図4(c)に示すように過度に上昇・下降することになり、過充放電を招いてしまう。かかる不具合を回避する具体的方法については、後に詳述する。
この制御装置10には、例えば圧力センサ91によって検知される燃料ガスの供給圧力や電圧センサ92によって検知される燃料電池40のFC電圧、電流センサ93によって検知される燃料電池40のFC電流、SOCセンサ21によって検知されるバッテリ20の充電状態SOC(State Of Charge)をあらわすSOC値など、種々のセンサ信号が入力される。
この閾値電圧Vthは、燃料電池40の開放電圧よりも低い電圧であり、予め実験などにより求められ、製造出荷時などに制御装置10の内部メモリ11に格納される。また、閾値電圧Vthは固定値としても良いが、例えば周囲環境(外気温度や燃料電池温度、湿度、運転モードなど)に応じて逐次書き換え可能な値としても良い。
これにより、トラクションモータ61の制御誤差拡大を抑制し得て、バッテリ20の過充電、特に電力回生時におけるバッテリ20の過充電を防止することができる。なお、高電位化回避制御を禁止する所定車速Vは、インバータ指令電圧に応じて変動させてもよい。
Claims (5)
- 燃料ガスと酸化ガスとの電気化学反応によって発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池の発電電力を充電する蓄電部と、
前記燃料電池の発電電力と前記蓄電部に充電されている電力との少なくとも一方によって駆動されるモータと、
所定の条件下で切り換わる複数の制御方式にて前記モータを制御するインバータと、
前記蓄電部から入力された電圧を昇圧して前記インバータを介して前記モータに出力可能、かつ、前記燃料電池から入力された電圧を降圧して前記蓄電部に出力可能なコンバータと、
コンバータ指令電圧およびインバータ指令電圧を制御する制御部と、を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記コンバータ指令電圧を前記燃料電池の開放電圧よりも低い高電位回避電圧に維持することにより前記燃料電池の総電圧が所定の高電位回避電圧閾値以上になることを抑制する高電位化回避制御を行う一方で、前記モータの制御方式が切り換わる条件下では前記高電位化回避制御を禁止する燃料電池システム。 - 前記モータの制御方式は、前記モータの回転数およびトルクに応じて切り換わる請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記モータの制御方式は、さらに前記インバータ指令電圧に応じて切り換わる請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御部は、前記モータの回転数が所定回転数以上であるときは前記高電位化回避制御を禁止する請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の車載燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、所定の車速以上であるときに前記高電位化回避制御を禁止する燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007280105A JP4240234B1 (ja) | 2007-10-29 | 2007-10-29 | 燃料電池システム |
DE112008002397.2T DE112008002397B4 (de) | 2007-10-29 | 2008-09-04 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
KR1020107009316A KR101151750B1 (ko) | 2007-10-29 | 2008-09-04 | 연료전지시스템 |
US12/740,220 US8329351B2 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2008-09-04 | Fuel cell system |
CN2008801062277A CN101803089B (zh) | 2007-10-29 | 2008-09-04 | 燃料电池系统 |
PCT/JP2008/065996 WO2009057383A1 (ja) | 2007-10-29 | 2008-09-04 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2007280105A JP4240234B1 (ja) | 2007-10-29 | 2007-10-29 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP4240234B1 true JP4240234B1 (ja) | 2009-03-18 |
JP2009110747A JP2009110747A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
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US (1) | US8329351B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4240234B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101151750B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101803089B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112008002397B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009057383A1 (ja) |
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JP4353305B2 (ja) | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電源制御回路 |
US8996182B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-03-31 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and power control method therefor |
JP5644131B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-12-24 | 株式会社Ihi | 電源装置及び電源装置制御方法 |
JP5438745B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-03-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 流体供給システム |
KR102371598B1 (ko) | 2017-04-26 | 2022-03-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 배터리 충전량 제어 장치, 그를 포함한 시스템 및 그 방법 |
CN107512191B (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2024-01-23 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | 一种用于氢燃料电池电动汽车的实验装置 |
JP6621489B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-12-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP3755424B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2006-03-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 交流電動機の駆動制御装置 |
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2007
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US20100233556A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
WO2009057383A1 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
JP2009110747A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
CN101803089B (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
DE112008002397T5 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
KR20100060021A (ko) | 2010-06-04 |
US8329351B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
CN101803089A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
DE112008002397B4 (de) | 2015-05-21 |
KR101151750B1 (ko) | 2012-06-15 |
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