JP4070027B2 - 潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4070027B2 JP4070027B2 JP2004244614A JP2004244614A JP4070027B2 JP 4070027 B2 JP4070027 B2 JP 4070027B2 JP 2004244614 A JP2004244614 A JP 2004244614A JP 2004244614 A JP2004244614 A JP 2004244614A JP 4070027 B2 JP4070027 B2 JP 4070027B2
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Classifications
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- C08F255/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having four or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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Description
N−ビニルイミダゾール、
1−ビニル−2−ピロリジノン、
N−アリルイミダゾール、
1−ビニルピロリジノン、
2−ビニルピリジン、
4−ビニルピリジン、
N−メチル−N−ビニルアセトアミド、
ジ−アリルホルムアミド、
N−メチル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
N−エチル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
N−シクロヘキシル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
4−メチル−5−ビニルチアゾール、
N−アリルジイソオクチルフェノチアジン、
2−メチル−1−ビニルイミダゾール、
3−メチル−1−ビニルピラゾール、
N−ビニルプリン、
N−ビニルピペラジン、
N−ビニルスクシンイミド、
ビニルピペリジン、
ビニルモルホリン、
から成る群から選ばれたグラフト可能な単量体、及びこれら単量体の組み合わせ物が、このグラフト可能な単量体のグラフトを受け入れることのできる分岐サイトを持ったポリオレフィン共重合体骨格上に、グラフトされたグラフト反応生成物である。そのグラフト反応生成物は、少なくとも8のADT値を持っている。
1個又は2個以上の好ましい実施例についてこの発明を以下で説明するが、この発明がこれらの実施例に限定されるものでないことは云うまでもない。それだけでなく、この発明は、この明細書を結論づけているクレームの精神と範囲内に含まれるようなすべての代替物、変更物及び同等物を含んでいる。
このグラフト重合されたポリオレフィンを作るのに使用できると考えられるポリオレフィン、グラフト可能な単量体、開始剤、溶剤及び必要により加えられる禁止剤の例は、次のとおりである。
(好ましくは側鎖に不飽和基を持っている)多種多様のポリオレフィンは、グラフトさせるための骨格として使用できると考えられる。ここで使用できると考えられるポリオレフィンの幾つかの例は、米国特許第4,092,255号col.1,11.29−32で提案されているポリオレフィンを含んでおり、ポリイソブテン、ポリアルキルスチレン、ブタジエン・スチレンからなる部分的に水素化されたポリオレフィン、エチレン・プロピレンからなる無定形ポリオレフィン及びイソプレン共重合体である。EPDM(エチレン/プロピレン/−ジエン単量体)ゴムがまたここで使用できると考えられる。
広く云えば、これまでグラフトポリオレフィンに使用されて来たグラフト可能な単量体は、どのようなものでもここで使用できると考えられる。例えば、米国特許第4,146,489号col.4,11.2−41、米国特許第4,092,255号col.2,1.45からcol.3,1.47及び米国特許第4,810,754号col.3,1.24からcol.4,1.4までで述べられている単量体は、ここで引用して加えられる。
N−ビニルイミダゾール、
1−ビニル−2−ピロリジノン、
N−アリルイミダゾール、
1−ビニルピロリジノン、
2−ビニルピリジン、
4−ビニルピリジン、
N−メチル−N−ビニルアセトアミド、
ジ−アリルホルムアミド、
N−メチル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
N−エチル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
N−シクロヘキシル−N−アリルホルムアミド、
4−メチル−5−ビニルチアゾール、
N−アリルジイソオクチルフェノチアジン、
2−メチル−1−ビニルイミダゾール、
3−メチル−1−ビニルピラゾール、
N−ビニルプリン、
N−ビニルピペラジン、
N−ビニルスクシンイミド、
ビニルピペリジン、
ビニルモルホリン、
そればかりでなくこれらの組み合わせ物、又はそのほかの同様な材料を用いることができる。さらに広く云えば、2から約50個の炭素原子を持った、酸素及び/又は窒素含有のエチレン系の不飽和な脂肪族又は芳香族単量体であれば、どのようなものも、さらにそのような単量体の組み合わせ物も、ここでグラフト可能な単量体として使用できると考えられる。
広く云えば、この反応の条件下で操作できる遊離基発生性の開始剤は、どのようなものでもここで使用できると考えられる。代表的な開始剤が米国特許第4,146,489号col.4,11.45−53に開示されており、それはここで参照して加えられる。ここで考えられる特定のパーオキシカルボキシ開始剤は、アルキル、ジアルキル及びアリールパーオキサイドであり、例えば
ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、
ジクミルパーオキサイド、
t−ブチル−クミルパーオキサイド、
t−ブチルパーベンゾエート、
t−アミルパーベンゾエート、
t−ブチルパーオキシアセテート、
t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、
ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、
ジ−t−ブチルパーオキシフタレート、
2、5−ジメチル−2、5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、
2、5−ジメチル−2、5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキシン、
及びそれらの組み合わせ物、アゾ開始剤例えば
ブタンニトリル、2−メチル、2、2′−アゾビス、
プロパンニトリル、2−メチル、2、2′−アゾビス、
2、2′−アゾビス(2、4−ジメチルベンタンニトリル)、
1、1′−アゾビス(シクロヘキサンカルボニトリル)、
アゾイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)、
及びそれらの組み合わせ物、その他の同様な物質である。
ここで用い得る溶剤は、反応が完成した後にグラフトされたポリオレフィンから容易に取り除くことのできる揮発性溶剤を含んでいる。反応混合物の残存成分を分散させ又は溶解することができ、反応に感知できるほどに参加するものでないか、又は副反応を大きく引き起こさない溶剤であれば、どのような溶剤でも使用することができる。この種の溶剤の幾つかの例は、直鎖又は分岐した脂肪族又は芳香族の炭化水素を含み、例えば、n−ペンタン、n−ヘプタン、i−ヘプタン、n−オクタン、i−オクタン、ノナン、デカン、シクロヘキサン、ジヒドロナフタレン、デカヒドロナフタレン(例えば、デラウエア州、ウイルミントンのデュポン、ド、ヌムールス、アンド、コンパニイから商品名DECALINの名前で販売されている)その他を含んでいる。脂肪族ケトン(例えばアセトン)、エーテル、エステル等及びこれらの混合物がここでの溶剤であると考えられる。クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ジクロロトルエンその他のような非反応性のハロゲン化芳香族炭化水素もまた、溶剤として使用できる。
ポリオレフィンの架橋の程度を制限するために、このグラフト反応では禁止剤を必要に応じて用いることができる。この発明者は、架橋の量を制限することは、グラフト反応から生じる粘度増加を減少させ、改良されたズレ安定性を持った最終のグラフトポリオレフィンを与えると考えている。
この反応は次のようにして行うことができる。グラフトすべきポリオレフィンは流体の形で供給される。例えば、ポリオレフィンを粉砕し、反応溶剤に溶解するが、その溶剤は潤滑用組成物のための基油であっても、又はその他の適当な溶剤であってもよい。この工程は、不活性ガスのブランケット下で行い、又は不活性ガスで追い出し、反応温度よりも低い温度で、普通は60℃から約120℃の間で例えば約100℃で行われる。混合温度は正規には反応温度よりも低い。混合を高い温度に保つと、成分が劣化するおそれがある。
少なくとも約13モル、
その代わり少なくとも約14モル、
その代わり少なくとも約15モル、
その代わり少なくとも約16モル、
その代わり少なくとも約17モル、
その代わり少なくとも約18モル、
その代わり少なくとも約19モル、
その代わり少なくとも約20モル、
その代わり少なくとも約22モル、
その代わり少なくとも約24モル、
その代わり少なくとも約26モル、
その代わり少なくとも約28モル、
その代わり少なくとも約30モル、
その代わり少なくとも約40モル、
その代わり少なくとも約50モル、
その代わり少なくとも約60モル、
その代わり少なくとも約70モル、
その代わり少なくとも約80モル、
その代わり少なくとも約100モル、
のグラフト可能な単量体。出発時のポリオレフィンに対しグラフト可能な単量体のモル比について、考えられる最大値は次のとおりである。出発時のポリオレフィン1モルに対し、
多くて約20モル、
その代わり多くて約22モル、
その代わり多くて約24モル、
その代わり多くて約26モル、
その代わり多くて約28モル、
その代わり多くて約30モル、
その代わり多くて約40モル、
その代わり多くて約50モル、
その代わり多くて約60モル、
その代わり多くて約70モル、
その代わり多くて約80モル、
その代わり多くて約100モル、
その代わり多くて約110モル、
その代わり多くて約120モル、
又はそれ以上のグラフト可能な単量体。
少なくとも約0.1%、
その代わり少なくとも約1%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約2%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約3%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約4.0%、
その代わり少なくとも約4.5%、
その代わり少なくとも約5%、
その代わり少なくとも約20%。
単量体は本質的に一定の割合で、又は時間とともに変化する割合で添加することができる。上の値は、すべて添加の平均割合、又は時間とともに変わる割合の最小値を表すことができる。
多くて約0.1%、
その代わり多くて約0.5%、
その代わり多くて約1%、
その代わり多くて約1.2%、
その代わり多くて約1.4%、
その代わり多くて約1.6%、
その代わり多くて約1.8%、
その代わり多くて約2%、
その代わり多くて約2.2%、
その代わり多くて約2.4%、
その代わり多くて約2.6%、
その代わり多くて約2.8%、
その代わり多くて約3%、
その代わり多くて約3.2%、
その代わり多くて約3.4%、
その代わり多くて約3.6%、
その代わり多くて約3.8%、
その代わり多くて約4.0%、
その代わり多くて約4.5%、
その代わり多くて約5%、
その代わり多くて約20%、
その代わり多くて約100%を1分間に添加する。
上記の値はすべて添加の平均割合、又は時間とともに変わる割合の最大値を表している。グラフト可能な単量体は、純粋な形、固体又は溶融状態で、又は溶剤で薄めて添加することができる。
少なくとも約0.1%、
その代わり少なくとも約0.5%、
その代わり少なくとも約1%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約2%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約2.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約3%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.2%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.4%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.6%、
その代わり少なくとも約3.8%、
その代わり少なくとも約4.0%、
その代わり少なくとも約4.5%、
その代わり少なくとも約5%、
その代わり少なくとも約20%、
が1分間に添加される。開始剤は、実質的に一定の割合で又は時間とともに変わる割合で添加することができる。上記の値は、すべて添加の平均割合、又は時間とともに変わる割合の最小値を表している。
多くて約0.1%、
その代わり多くて約0.5%、
その代わり多くて約1%、
その代わり多くて約1.2%、
その代わり多くて約1.4%、
その代わり多くて約1.6%、
その代わり多くて約1.8%、
その代わり多くて約2%、
その代わり多くて約2.2%、
その代わり多くて約2.4%、
その代わり多くて約2.6%、
その代わり多くて約2.8%、
その代わり多くて約3%、
その代わり多くて約3.2%、
その代わり多くて約3.4%、
その代わり多くて約3.6%、
その代わり多くて約3.8%、
その代わり多くて約4.0%、
その代わり多くて約4.5%、
その代わり多くて約5%、
その代わり多くて約10%、
その代わり多くて約20%、
その代わり多くて約40%、
が1分間に添加される。上記の値はすべて添加の平均割合又は時間とともに変わる割合の最大値を表している。
この反応は、その代わりに溶融された反応組成物を押出機、又はその他の重合体混合器、例えばバンバリーミル中に入れて行うこともできる。溶融反応は次のようにして行うことができる。
窒素%
このテストは、グラフトされたポリオレフィンについて、また(反応が溶剤方法で行われていると仮定して)処理流体について、窒素の割合を決定するのに用いられる。このテストの結果は、グラフトの程度を決定するのに用いられる。
N−ビニルイミダゾール(VIMA)のような、分散性ポリオレフィン中に残存している未反応のグラフト可能な単量体の量は、この方法で定量される。n−デカンのような内標準と比べたグラフト可能な単量体のピークの面積比が、ガスクロマトグラフィ(GC)によって決定される。面積比は校正曲線によって重量比に変えられる。内標準の量を知ることによって、その重量を計算することができ、従って分散剤ポリオレフィンに含まれている遊離のグラフト可能な単量体の重量画分を計算することができる。
ADTテストは、ペンシルバニア州、フィラデルフィアのロームアンドハースコンパニイが開発したテスト方法であって、米国特許第4,146,489号に記載されている。ADTテストはグラフトされた分散剤ポリオレフィンの分散度を決定するのに用いられる。
試験管番号 する最初の降下物 ADT結果
0 1 なし
1 2 1
2 3 2
3 4 4
4 5 8
5 6 16
6 − 32
迅速なADTテストは、上に述べたADTテスト方法の促進形である。試験管が最初オーブン中に60℃で90分間維持されるという点を除くと、このテストは24時間テストとして記載されている通りに行われる。試験管には前と同じように等級をつけて、グラフトされた分散剤ポリオレフィン溶液の迅速なADT値を決定する。この促進テストのあとで試験管をさらに24時間及び48時間室温に維持して、より長期の結果を記録する。
必要な材料は、テストされるべきグラフトされた分散剤ポリオレフィンサンプルと、安定化されていないテトラヒドロフラン(THF)と、スクリュキャップつきのガラスビン、テフロン(登録商標)隔膜と上端開口スクリュキャップつきの自動資料採取器と、(もし得られれば)自動資料採取器と、振とう機と、使い捨てピペットとを含んでいる。使用される装置は、THF溜、THF廃物容器、クナウァーHPLCポンプ64、日立655A−40自動資料採取器、フェノメネックス製の2個の20μm粒子大のフェノゲルゲルパーミエイションクロマトグラフ用(GPC)カラム(孔の大きさが105 オングストロームと103 オングストローム)、フェノメネックス製の20μm粒子大のフェノゲルGPCガードカラム(孔の大きさが105 オングストローム)、スペクトロフロー757吸光度検知器、ミリポアウォーターズ示差屈折計R40、PEネルソン900シリーズインターフェイス、及びPEネルソンクロマトグラフィソフトフエアつきのデジタル386コンピューターである。
グラフト反応に用いられた溶剤と処理流体の芳香族含有量は、濃度が判っている溶液中で190μmから360μmにわたる波長による吸収率を測定することによって決定される。少量のテストサンプルをシクロヘキサン(顕微鏡用等級品)に溶解し、テスト溶液のスペクトルを上記の波長範囲にわたって走査する。190−210nm、220−240nm及び260−280nmの範囲にわたるピークの最大値で測定を行う。これらの位置は、モノ、ジ及びポリサイクリック芳香族化合物の最も強い吸収に対応している。最大は203nm、226nm及び270nmに位置しているのが普通である。
この発明に係る潤滑油組成物は下記割合で下記の成分を含むことが好ましい。
A.約70重量%から約96重量%、その代わりに約80重量%から約95重量 %、その代わりに約88重量%から約93重量%の1種又は2種以上の基油 。(グラフトされたポリオレフィンを作る方法から持ち越された処理流体で あれば、どのようなものでも含まれる。)
B.約0.25重量%固形分から約2重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.5重量 %固形分から約1.5重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.8重量%固形分か ら約1.2重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.25重量%固形分から約1. 2重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.8重量%固形分から1.5重量%固形 分、の1種又は2種以上のこの明細書に従って作られたグラフトされたポリ オレフィン。(グラフトされたポリオレフィンを作る方法から繰り越された 処理油を除く。)
C.約0.05重量%固形分から約1.0重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.0 5重量%固形分から約0.7重量%固形分、その代わりに約0.1重量%固 形分から約0.7重量%固形分の、1種又は2種以上のポリオレフィンで、 この発明によりグラフトされたポリオレフィン以外のもの。
D.0から約15重量%、その代わりに約0.5重量%から約10重量%、その 代わりに約0.5重量%から約6重量%、又はその代わりに約0.7重量% から約6重量%の、1種又は2種以上の分散剤で、この発明によりグラフト されたポリオレフィンでないもの。
E.約0.3重量%から4重量%、その代わりに約0.5重量%から約3重量% 、その代わりに約0.5重量%から約2重量%の、1種又は2種以上の清浄 剤。
F.約0.01重量%から約3重量%、その代わりに約0.04重量%から約2 .5重量%、その代わりに約0.06重量%から約2重量%の1種又は2種 以上の耐摩耗剤。
G.約0.01重量%から約2重量%、その代わりに約0.05重量%から約1 .5重量%、その代わりに約0.1重量%から約1重量%の、1種又は2種 以上の酸化防止剤。
H.約0.0重量%から1重量%、その代わりに約0.005重量%から約0. 8重量%、その代わりに約0.005重量%から約0.5重量%の少量成分 。
この発明でグラフト可能なポリオレフィンの処理溶剤として、これまで述べて来た石油又は合成基油は、すべて基油として用いることができる。その代わりに、その他の従来の潤滑油を用いることができる。
この発明によってグラフトされたポリオレフィンは次のものを含んでいる。
少なくとも約13モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約14モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約15モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約16モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約17モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約18モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約19モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約20モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約22モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約24モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約26モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約28モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約30モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約32モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約34モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約36モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約38モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約40モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約50モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約60モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約70モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約80モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約90モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約100モル、
その代わりに少なくとも約120モル、
のグラフトされた単量体をもとのポリオレフィン1モルあたり含んでおり、また
少なくとも約1.2重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.3重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.4重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.5重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.6重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.7重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.8重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約1.9重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約2重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約3重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約4重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約5重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約6重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約7重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約8重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約9重量%、
その代わり少なくとも約10重量%、
のグラフトされた部分を、グラフトされたポリオレフィンの単位重量あたり含んでいる。
この発明に係る配合では、従来の粘度指数改良性のポリオレフィンを、どのようなものでも使用することができる。これらは、伝統的な長い鎖状のポリオレフィンである。ここで使用できると考えられているポリオレフィンの数個の例は、米国特許第4,092,255号col.1,1.29−32で勧められているものを含んでおり、ポリイソブテン、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアルキルスチレン、部分的に水素化されたブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、及びエチレンとプロピレンの無定形ポリオレフィンを含んでいる。
他の分散剤(即ち、前に記載したグラフト共重合体でない分散剤)は、使用時に潤滑されたエンジン中で酸化から発生する油不溶物を流体中に懸濁状態に維持し、従って金属部分上でスラッジが凝集したり、粒子が沈殿又は析出したりすることを防ぐ。適当な分散剤は、高分子量のアルキルスクシンイミド、及び油溶性ポリイソブチレンスクシニックアンハイドライトとテトラエチレンペンタミンのようなエチレンアミンとの反応生成物及びそのホー酸塩を含んでいる。
この発明に係る潤滑油組成物には、清浄剤と錆止め剤とを用いることができる。これらの材料は、スルホン酸の金属塩、アルキルフェノール、硫化アルキルフェノール、アルキルサリチレート、ナフテネート、及び他の溶解性モノ及びジカルボン酸を含んでいる。高塩基性(即ち過度の塩基性)金属塩、例えばスルホン酸の高塩基性アルカリ土金属塩(特にカルシウムとマグネシウム塩)は、よく清浄剤として使用される。そのような清浄剤は、エンジン又は他の機械中で、粒子状不溶性物質を懸濁状態に維持するのにとくに役立つ。ここで使用できると考えられる清浄剤の他の例は、米国特許第4,092,255号col.1,11.35−36に述べられているものを含んでおり、スルホネート、フェネート又は多価金属の有機燐酸塩である。
耐摩耗剤は、その名前が暗示しているように、金属部分の摩耗を減らすものである。ジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート及びジンクジアリールジチオホスフェートは従来の耐摩耗剤の代表的なものである。
酸化防止剤又は酸化禁止剤は、鉱油が使用中に劣化する傾向を小さくするものである。この劣化は、スラッジ及び金属表面上のワニス様析出物のような酸化生成物により、また粘度の増大により証明される。そのような酸化防止剤は、好ましくはC5からC12のアルキル側鎖を持ったアルキルフェノールチオエステルのアルカリ土金属塩、例えばカルシウムノニルフェノールスルフィド、ジオクチルフェニルアミン、フェニル−アルファ−ナフチルアミン、ホスホスルフライズド又はスルフライズドハイドロカーボン等である。
流動点降下剤、別の言葉で云えば潤滑油の流動性改良剤として知られているものは、流体が流れ又は注がれることのできる温度を低下させるものである。そのような添加物はよく知られている。潤滑油の低温流動性を最適にする添加物の代表的なものは、C8−C18のジアルキルフマレートと酢酸ビニルとの共重合体、ポリメタクリレート、及びワックスナフタレンである。
潤滑油としてのこの組成物の使用を妨げない多くの少量成分が、ここで考えられている。そのような添加物の不完全なリストは、錆止め剤、並びに極圧添加剤、摩擦調節剤、泡止め添加剤及び染料である。
〔実施例及び参考例〕
以下に実施例と参考例とを挙げるが、参考例では反応混合物を溶剤に溶解してグラフト反応を行っており、実施例では反応混合物を溶融混合してグラフト反応を行っている。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの実験室での製造。
ペトロカナダ160Nからなる基油に、12.50重量%のデュポンORTHOLEUM2053を溶解して作ったポリオレフィン溶液500gを、レジンケトルに入れた。この溶液を電気加熱マントルで190℃に加熱した。加熱中に、ポリオレフィン溶液の表面下から供給する不活性ガス(CO2 )で溶液を浄化した。溶液が190℃に達した時にCO2 の浄化を変更し、表面上を80ml/分の割合で流した。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの実験室での製造。
グラフト反応を参考例1と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。ポリオレフィン溶液の重量を500gから1600gに増した。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの実験室での製造。
グラフト反応を参考例1と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。反応温度を170℃に下げた。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤の添加時間を60分に増加した。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤とを添加したのちの反応時間を、30分に減らした。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの実験室での製造。
グラフト反応を参考例1と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤との添加時間を60分に増した。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤との添加後の反応時間を、30分に減らした。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの実験室での製造。
グラフト反応を参考例1と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤との添加時間を60分に増した。反応温度を170℃に下げた。グラフト可能な単量体の量をポリオレフィン溶液の0.70重量%に減らした。開始剤の量をポリオレフィン溶液の0.15重量%に減らした。添加後の反応時間を30分に減らした。
パイロットプラントでのグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
30.0kgのポリオレフィン溶液を反応器に入れた。ポリオレフィン溶液は、ペトロカナダ160N基油中に、12.50重量%のデュポンORTHOLEUM2053ポリオレフィンを加えたもので作られていた。この溶液を油の再循環方式で180℃に加熱した。加熱の初期の段階の間、溶液を不活性ガス(CO2 )で覆った。5分後にガスの流れを止め、反応器をシールした。
パイロットプラントでのグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
グラフト反応を参考例6と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。反応温度を170℃に下げた。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤との添加時間を60分に増した。添加後の反応時間を180分に増した。
パイロットプラントでのグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
グラフト反応を参考例6と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。グラフト可能な単量体と開始剤との添加時間を60分に増した。反応温度を170℃に下げた。グラフト可能な単量体をポリオレフィン溶液の0.70重量%に減らした。開始剤をポリオレフィン溶液の0.15重量%に減らした。
パイロットプラントでのグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
グラフト反応を参考例6と同様に実施したが、次のような変更を加えた。グラフト可能な単量体をポリオレフィン溶液の0.28重量%に減らした。開始剤をポリオレフィン溶液の0.07重量%に減らした。反応温度を170℃に下げた。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
ペトロカナダの160N(P160N)原料油に溶解した12.5重量%のORTHOLEUM2053を含むポリオレフィン溶液4430ガロン(14,311kg)をCO2 ガスで清浄化し、これを5600ガロン(21,000l)のよく攪拌された反応容器に移した。CO2 ガス被覆を反応容器内に保持した。この材料をCO2 被覆の下で170℃に加熱した。その温度でグラフト可能な単量体と開始剤とを反応容器内へ送り込んだ。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
参考例10に従って反応を行ったが、次の変更を加えた。原料送り込み後の反応時間を90分から15分に減らし、その後に反応物を反応容器の外へ移した。
比較用のグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
参考例10に従って反応を行ったが、次の変更を加えた。処理流体をP100N基油に変えた。0.25重量%のポリオレフィン溶液に相当する9.36ガロン(36.8kg)のVIMAを反応容器へすべて一度に入れた。グラフト可能な単量体を反応容器内へ分散させるのに充分な時間(約20又は30分)放置した。開始剤の量を7.34ガロン(22.2kg)から2.83ガロン(8.56kg)に減らした。後者の量は0.06重量%のポリオレフィン溶液に相当するものであり、この量を53.0ガロン(171kg)のP100N基油で希釈して、反応容器へ30分にわたって0.63ポンド/分(0.0048kg/秒、0.002重量%/分)の一様な割合で入れた。すべての開始剤を入れたのち、60分で反応を完結させた。
代わりの反応成分。
前の参考例の条件と同様な条件を使用し、この明細書中でさきに説明した溶剤、ポリオレフィン、グラフト可能な単量体及び開始剤のそれぞれ可能な組み合わせにより、参考例1−12の実験を繰り返した。潤滑油の粘度指数を増加させるに使用できるグラフトされたポリオレフィンが得られた。
潤滑油組成物の製造。
この発明によって可能となった配合適応性を示すために、表2に示した成分を含んだSAE10W−30の潤滑剤配合物の数例を、参考例14−17として調製した。この配合に用いられたDI(分散剤/禁止剤)パッケージは、市販の自動車用潤滑油DIパッケージに類似したものである。
エンジン試験データ。
表3で確認した組成物を製造し、ASTMのシーケンスVEテストによってこの組成物をエンジンテストした。参考例18で使用された従来のVIMAでグラフトされたポリオレフィンは、約4のADT値を持っていたが、その値はこの発明の幾つかの実施例によって必要とされる少なくとも約8というADT値よりも小さい。参考例19で用いられるVIMAでグラフトされたポリオレフィンは16というADT値を持ち、その値はこの発明のグラフトされたポリオレフィンの範囲内にある。
グラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
参考例20−46は、前の参考例と同様に実施された。多くの異なる単量体が、単独で又は組み合わされて、構造的に又は化学的に異なった多くの色々なポリオレフィン上にうまくグラフトされた。これら参考例の条件と結果を、ADT応答の立場から表4で報告する。
押出によるグラフトされたポリオレフィンの製造。
Leistritz 34mmの共回転、インターメッシングスクリュの押出機を反応容器として使用して、グラフトされたポリオレフィンを数回試作し、表5に実施例1−3として報告した。毎回押出機には、デュポンのORTHOLEUM2053ポリオレフィンを送り込んだ。
Claims (14)
- N−ビニルイミダゾールと、グラフト可能なサイトを側鎖に持っているポリオレフィン共重合体と、上記ポリオレフィン共重合体の上記グラフト可能なサイトにN−ビニルイミダゾールをグラフトさせるに有効な開始剤とから実質的に構成されている反応混合物を溶融混合し、グラフト反応を起こさせて、グラフト反応生成物のアスファルテン、ディスパーザンシイ、テストの値を少なくとも2とすることを特徴とする、潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 上記反応混合物を押出機又は他の重合体混合機内で溶融混合することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 上記押出機内で、ポリオレフィン組成物の素練りと流れによって生じる熱により、上記反応混合物を加熱することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- N−ビニルイミダゾールを一様な割合で押出機内に導入することを特徴とする、請求項2又は3に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- N−ビニルイミダゾールのあとで開始剤を押出機へ添加することを特徴とする、請求項2−4の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 開始剤を一様な割合で押出機へ添加することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 押出機を連続的に稼動させてすべての成分を一様な割合で添加することを特徴とする、請求項2−6の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 開始剤が混合物中で局部的に高い割合になることを避けるために、開始剤を溶剤で薄めることを特徴とする、請求項1−7の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- N−ビニルイミダゾールと、開始剤と、開始剤を薄めるための溶剤とを一緒に入れることを特徴とする、請求項1−4の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 押出機のバレルの異なった部分へ異なった成分を射出することによって異なった成分が入っている部分間に遅れを提供することを特徴とする、請求項1−8の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- ポリオレフィンが数で30−80%のエチレンと、70−20%のプロピレンと、必要により0−9%のジエン単量体で改質されたエチレン/プロピレン/ジエンからなるポリオレフィンであることを特徴とする、請求項1−10の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 上記ポリオレフィンが、20,000から500,000の重量平均分子量と、1〜15の多分散性を持っていることを特徴とする、請求項1−10の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 上記分散剤粘度指数改良剤が少なくとも約4のアスファルテン、ディスパーザンシイ、テストの値を持っていることを特徴とする、請求項1−12の何れか1つの項に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
- 上記分散剤粘度指数改良剤が少なくとも8のアスファルテン、ディスパーザンシイ、テストの値を持っていることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の潤滑油用分散剤粘度指数改良剤の製造方法。
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US08/541,832 US5663126A (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-10 | Polar grafted polyolefins, methods for their manufacture, and lubricating oil compositions containing them |
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-
1995
- 1995-10-10 US US08/541,832 patent/US5663126A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-20 WO PCT/GB1995/002473 patent/WO1996012746A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-20 AT AT95934706T patent/ATE194363T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-20 RU RU97107846/04A patent/RU2184746C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-20 GB GB9706853A patent/GB2308124B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-20 DE DE69517819T patent/DE69517819T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-20 CA CA002185241A patent/CA2185241C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-20 AU AU37024/95A patent/AU709912B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-20 BR BR9509414A patent/BR9509414A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-20 EP EP95934706A patent/EP0787158B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 US US08/646,454 patent/US5814586A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-29 US US08/920,393 patent/US5874389A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-12-22 US US09/469,867 patent/US6300289B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-10-09 US US09/973,585 patent/US6686321B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-25 JP JP2004244614A patent/JP4070027B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5663126A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
US6300289B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
AU3702495A (en) | 1996-05-15 |
GB2308124B (en) | 1999-03-31 |
GB2308124A8 (en) | 1997-08-04 |
ATE194363T1 (de) | 2000-07-15 |
JP2005042116A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
GB9706853D0 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
MX9702834A (es) | 1997-07-31 |
GB2308124A (en) | 1997-06-18 |
US5814586A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
US5874389A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
US20020042349A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
CA2185241C (en) | 1999-05-18 |
RU2184746C2 (ru) | 2002-07-10 |
EP0787158B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
DE69517819T2 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
BR9509414A (pt) | 1998-01-27 |
WO1996012746A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
DE69517819D1 (de) | 2000-08-10 |
EP0787158A1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
AU709912B2 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
US6686321B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
CA2185241A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
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