JP3911068B2 - 外科器械用の関節運動伝達機構 - Google Patents

外科器械用の関節運動伝達機構 Download PDF

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JP3911068B2
JP3911068B2 JP13744797A JP13744797A JP3911068B2 JP 3911068 B2 JP3911068 B2 JP 3911068B2 JP 13744797 A JP13744797 A JP 13744797A JP 13744797 A JP13744797 A JP 13744797A JP 3911068 B2 JP3911068 B2 JP 3911068B2
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teeth
transmission mechanism
articulation
end effector
housing
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JPH1043190A (ja
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トーマス・ヒユイテマ
リチヤード・ピー・ヌコルス
ブライアン・デイ・ノデル
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エチコン・エンド−サージエリー・インコーポレーテツド
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00305Constructional details of the flexible means
    • A61B2017/00309Cut-outs or slits
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20636Detents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20636Detents
    • Y10T74/20642Hand crank

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は種々の外科処置、特に内視鏡下外科処置を行うための外科器械に関する。特に、内視鏡外科の現場において外科医が使い易くかつ高度の信頼をもって器械を正確に位置決めできる伝達機構に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術及びその課題】
外科処置中、特に内視鏡下外科処置中、体腔内の外科処置部位へのアクセスは体壁に作られた小直径の開口部を通して行われる。このアクセスによく使われる器具は套管針である。套管針は栓子とカニューレとを有する組立体である。栓子はアクセス用の開口部を設けるために体壁を穿刺するように使用される鋭い先端を持つ。栓子は、中空で円筒状スリーブであるカニューレ内を滑る。栓子が体壁を貫通すると、栓子はカニューレから取り出される。しかし、カニューレは栓子により体壁に作られた開口部内の定位置に留まる。従って、カニューレは、体腔内の外科処置部位へのアクセスを得るための円筒状通路を提供する。
【0003】
従って、多くの内視鏡下外科器械の特徴的な形態は套管針カニューレを通って滑り得る長い円筒状のシャフトである。希望の外科処置を実行するために何らかの方法で組織を取り扱うために、体腔内の外科処置部位において組織と接触する器械の端部であるシャフトの作業端部に「エンドエフェクター」が設けられる。エンドエフェクターを有する作業端部もまた套管針カニューレを通って摺動できなければならない。シャフトの反対側の端部には、エンドエフェクターの作業を遠隔制御するために作業端部に機能的に連結されたアクチュエーターがある。通常は、アクチュエーターは1個又は複数個の旋回引き金を有するピストル型のグリップハンドルを備えたフレーム内に収容される。或いは、アクチュエーターはレバー、或いは旋回引き金とレバーとの組合せを有することができる。アクチュエーターは、外科医が引き金を引き、又はレバーを押し下げたときに作動する。これらの作用がエンドエフェクターにその希望の機能を行わせる。
【0004】
外科医は、希望の外科処置を行うために組織を操作するようにエンドエフェクターを操作するより前に、エンドエフェクターを内視鏡下外科処置部位内の希望位置に注意深く位置決めしなければならない。また、例えば組織を適切に連結するためにステープルをある方向に打ち出さねばならない場合は、エンドエフェクターを適切な方向に位置決めしなければならない。従って、内視鏡外科器械は、外科医が器械の作業端部のエンドエフェクターの方向と位置とを変えることができる機構を備えることが普通である。この機構は、外科医がその手で器械を握りながらこれらの機構を容易に操作でき制御できるように、これを器械のフレーム又はその近くで操作できねばならないことは言うまでもない。
【0005】
内視鏡外科器械のエンドエフェクターの方向を変えるためにエンドエフェクターをそのシャフトの長手方向軸線まわりに回転させたいことが度々ある。このため、多くの内視鏡外科器械は、フレームの近くにノブ又はダイヤルを備え、これが、外科医の手で操作されたときに器械のシャフトを回転させ、従ってエンドエフェクターを回転させる。
【0006】
ある種の内視鏡器械の別の重要な特徴は、エンドエフェクターがシャフトの長手方向軸線に関して「関節運動」された位置に位置決めされるようにエンドエフェクターを旋回させる能力である。このため、内視鏡器械は、内視鏡下外科処置部位内でエンドエフェクターを正確に位置決めさせるために、エンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させるようにフレーム又はその近くに関節運動用のノブ又はダイヤルを備えることが多い。内視鏡外科器械用のこれら関節運動機構の多くの例がある。例えば、米国特許4728020号、4869414号、5312023号、5326013号、5330502号、5374277号、5381943号、5383888号、5403342号、5405344号、5409498号、5411519号、5417203号及び5456684号の再吟味が奨められる。エンドエフェクターを回転させる関節運動機構は、1994年6月10日付け米国同時係属出願259322号、及び1995年5月18日付け442783号にも説明される。
【0007】
シャフトの可撓部分により内視鏡式器械のエンドエフェクターを曲げる機構を説明する1994年12月19日付け米国同時係属出願359107号も興味のあるものである。
【0008】
関節式内視鏡外科器械は、今日、自由に購入でき、また文献に説明されているが、関節運動を制御する機構には重大な欠陥がある。器械のエンドエフェクターを希望の位置に関節運動させるとき、エンドエフェクターを希望の外科作用を行うよう操作するより前に、エンドエフェクターが組織に押し付けられることがしばしばある。ある場合には、外科医は、外科機能を行うためにエンドエフェクターを正確に操作するために部位内に十分な空間を形成するように組織を後退させ又は切開することを希望し、このため故意に組織を押すように関節式エンドエフェクターを使用する。具合悪いことに、関節運動された位置でエンドエフェクターに力を加えたときに、エンドエフェクターがその希望の関節運動された位置から押されることがしばしば起こる。言い換えれば、エンドエフェクターはその希望の関節運動位置から「戻され」、別の希望しない関節運動位置に動かされ、或いはその最初の関節運動なしの位置に戻される。これは明らかに克服したい厄介なことである。
【0009】
更に、(上述の米国同時係属出願259322号に説明されたように)適正な位置決めを維持するするために、関節運動で決められた位置からの運動に対する抵抗を関節式組立体に与えた場合は、外科医がエンドエフェクターをその希望の関節運動位置に関節運動させるときに相当した抵抗を同様に与えなければならない。換言すれば、外科医は、関節運動位置からの運動に対するエンドエフェクターの抵抗の対応した増加のために関節運動用のノブ又はダイヤルにより大きな力又はトルクを加えねばならない。
【0010】
更に、関節運動位置にあるエンドエフェクターに加える力が大き過ぎると、エンドエフェクターを戻すだけでなく、関節運動組立体の構成要素を破損させ致命的な故障を導く可能性がある。
【0011】
従って、外科器械は、シャフト作業端部のエンドエフェクターであって、適正に位置決めするように遠隔的に関節運動させることのできるエンドエフェクターを特徴として備えることが必要である。エンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させる能力は、器械のフレームをエンドエフェクターから分離している長い円筒状シャフトを特徴として備えた内視鏡外科器械にとって特に重要である。関節運動用の機構は、エンドエフェクターに力が加えられたとき、関節運動位置にあるエンドエフェクターの運動に望ましく抵抗することが重要である。加えて、エンドエフェクターの関節運動なしの位置から関節運動位置への位置決めには大きな力の必要のない抵抗が与えられるべきである。更に、関節運動されたエンドエフェクターに大き過ぎる力が加えられた場合には関節運動機構をリセットして構成要素の破損を防ぐ構成要素の破損防止のためのフェイルセイフ機構が設けられることが好ましい。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、器械のエンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させる関節運動伝達機構組立体を備えた関節式外科器械である。この関節運動伝達機構組立体は、本体、振動部材、回転部材及びアクチュエーターを備える。これら構成要素の簡単な説明が与えられるであろう。
【0013】
関節運動伝達機構組立体の本体は外科器械に取り付けられる。この本体からハウジングが伸びる。
【0014】
振動部材は本体のハウジング内に座り、ハウジングの内側で振動する。振動部材はハウジング内で振動するが、ハウジング内で回転はしない。振動部材は第1組の解除用の歯及び第1組の固定用の歯を持つ。
【0015】
関節運動伝達機構組立体の回転部材は、振動部材の中に取り付けられ、振動部材内で回転する。回転部材は、関節運動伝達機構組立体の本体内に伸びている駆動軸を持つ。駆動軸は、回転部材の回転運動を駆動軸に取り付けられた細長い伝導用ロッドの軸方向運動に転換する。更に、回転部材は第2組の固定用の歯を持つ。
【0016】
アクチュエーターは本体のハウジングに回転可能に取り付けられる。これは回転部材に固定されて回転部材に回転力を加える。アクチュエーターは第2組の解除用の歯を持つ。
【0017】
関節運動伝達機構組立体が固定位置にあるときは、第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯は互いに押し合うように強制される。この固定位置においては、これらの歯は互いに組み合わせられる。この歯の噛合は、振動部材が回転できないことと組み合って、関節運動伝達機構組立体が固定位置にあるときの回転部材の回転運動を防止する。
【0018】
アクチュエーターが固定位置から解除位置に回されると、アクチュエーターは振動部材上の第1組の解除用の歯を反対方向に強制する。このため、第1組及び第2組の固定用の組合が互いに外される。従って、回転部材の回転運動が可能となる。
【0019】
本発明の外科器械は器械のエンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させることができる。これは、関節運動の程度を正確に管理するために個別的な位置への関節運動を提供する。重要なことは、関節運動伝達機構組立体の振動部材及び回転部材の固定用及び解除用の歯がエンドエフェクターを個別的に位置決めするラチェット回転を提供することである。エンドエフェクターが個別的な関節運動位置にあるときに大きな力を受けると、関節運動伝達機構組立体のラチェット機構がフェイルセイフを提供し、関節運動伝達機構組立体の構成部品を破損から保護する。
【0020】
本発明の特に好ましい実施例においては、第1組及び第2組の解除用及び固定用の歯の各は、先端及び先端から分岐している1対の側辺を持つ。これらの歯の各は、隣接の歯から歯を2分している中心線及び1対の側辺の一方と平行な斜めの線により定められた歯角度を持つ。第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の歯角度が、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の各の歯の歯角度より大きいことが有利である。解除用の歯の歯角度が固定用の歯の歯角度よりも大きいため、アクチュエーターと振動部材との間の界面における第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の間の回転抵抗は、振動部材と回転部材との間の界面における第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の間の回転抵抗よりも小さい。従って、アクチュエーターに回転力が加えられたときに回転部材を回転させるために第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯にを外すに要する回転力は、アクチュエーターに加えられる力と無関係に固定用の歯を外すときの必要であろう力より小さい。
【0021】
換言すれば、関節運動位置においてエンドエフェクターに回転力を直接加えるときは、固定用の歯をアクチュエーターとは無関係に外さなければならないので、回転部材が回転できるように固定用の歯を外すにはより大きな力が必要である。アクチュエーターが回されるとき、関節運動伝達機構組立体は、振動部材の第1組の解除用の歯を逆方向に強制する(固定用の歯を互いに外させることに相当する)ために、解除用の歯の間に存在する回転抵抗がより小さいという利点が得られる。より小さい回転抵抗を利用できない場合は、振動部材と回転部材との間に界面において第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の間にある大きな抵抗を克服する必要がある。短く言えば、外科医が関節運動伝達機構組立体から器械のエンドエフェクターを関節運動させるための回転力は、回転力をエンドエフェクターに加えてエンドエフェクターを関節運動させるに要する力より小さい。
【0022】
本発明の関節運動伝達機構組立体は、器械のエンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させたいいかなる外科器械にも使用可能である。この器械は内視鏡下又は最小攻撃の外科処置を含んだ用途に特に有利であるが、通常の開腹外科処置における応用もまた見いだすことができる。
【0023】
【実施例】
まず図1を参照すれば、本発明の好ましい関節運動式の内視鏡用ステープラー30が示される。このステープラーは、第1の手元側端部31に、使用者がステープラーを握って操作できるように作られたフレーム32を持つ。フレームは、使用者の手のひらに入る静止したハンドグリップ33、及び組織を遠隔的にクランプしクランプされた組織内にステープルを打ち込むために旋回可能に取り付けられたクランプ用及び射出用の引き金34及び35を備える。ステープラーの反対側末端36に、外科用連結具組立体37の形式のエンドエフェクターがある。この外科用連結具組立体は、多数のステープルを収容している外科用カートリッジを受け入れるようにされた細長い溝39に向かい合った細長いアンビル38を持つ(外科用カートリッジは図示せず)。細長い内視鏡用シャフト40がステープラーのフレーム22から伸びてフレームを外科用連結具組立体に連結する。
【0024】
クランプ用及び射出用の引き金34及び35の反時計方向の回転に応じて組織を遠隔的にクランプしクランプされた組織内にステープルを打ち込むため内視鏡用ステープラー30の好ましい作動用組立体が、米国特許5465895号及び共通して譲渡された1995年4月28日付け同時係属出願08/431105号に説明される。これらの各は参考文献としてここに組み入れられる。細長い溝から間隔を空けられた第1の位置からこの溝に隣接した第2の位置にアンビルを強制するための外科用連結具組立体内の好ましいクランプ機構が、共通して譲渡された1995年9月19日付け同時係属出願08/530931号に説明される。これも参考文献として本明細書に取り入れられる。
【0025】
図1及び2を参照すれば、好ましい関節式ステープラー30は、フレーム32をステープラーの細長い内視鏡用シャフト40に連結している関節運動伝達機構組立体41を持つ。関節運動伝達機構組立体が回されると、これがステープラーの外科用連結具組立体を遠隔的に関節運動させる。細長い内視鏡用シャフトは、外科用連結具組立体に取り付けられてこれの関節運動を可能とさせる柔軟なネック42を持つ。柔軟なネックは第1及び第2の柔軟なネック部分43及び44を有し、これらは第1及び第2の細長い柔軟なバンド45及び46を受け入れる。関節運動伝達機構組立体が回転すると、第1及び第2の柔軟な伝導用バンドの一方が前向きに動かされ、他方のバンドが後向きに動かされる。柔軟なネックの第1及び第2の柔軟なネック部分内のバンドの往復運動に応じて柔軟なネックが曲がって関節運動を提供する。関節式外科用テープラーにおける柔軟なネックの更なる説明は、共に譲渡され本明細書に参考文献として組み入れられた1994年12月19日付け同時係属出願08/539107に説明される。
【0026】
本発明の好ましい内視鏡用直線型ステープラーの関節運動伝達機構組立体の構成部品が図3に示される。この組立体の主要構成品は、アクチュエーター47、回転円錐軸48、振動円錐49及びノズル本体50である。
【0027】
まず振動円錐49に着目すると、この振動円錐は外側の環状の歯のアレイとして配置された第1組の解除用の歯51を持つ。第1組の解除用の歯の内側に第1組の固定用の歯52が同心状に配置される。振動円錐は、1対の回り止め用のラグ53も持つ(図3においては1対のラグの一方だけが示される)。
【0028】
回転円錐軸48は、図10−13と組み合わせて図3に更に詳細に示される。回転円錐軸は、歯の環状アレイとして配置された第2組の固定用の歯54を持つ。関節運動伝達機構組立体が組み立てられたとき、回転円錐軸の第2組の固定用の歯は、振動円錐49の第1組の固定用の歯52と相互作用する組合位置に位置決めされる。回転円錐軸は、更に4個の駆動用ラグ58を備える。こ回転円錐軸は上方ばね用の環状の座59も持つ。更に、回転円錐軸は駆動歯車55を有し、これは、関節運動伝達機構組立体が組み立てられたとき、ノズル本体の中に下がる(ノズル本体の更なる説明は以下行われる)。
【0029】
回転円錐軸48が回転すると、駆動歯車が、ステープラーの内視鏡シャフト40を通る第1及び第2の長い柔軟なベルト45及び46を軸方向で往復運動させる。第1及び第2の柔軟なバンドは、バンドを駆動歯車と組み合わせる第1及び第2のラック565及び57を持つ。従って、駆動歯車が回されると、一方のバンドは前進し、他方のバンドは後退する。このため、柔軟なネック42の第1及び第2の柔軟なネック部分43及び44を通るバンドの反対向きの往復運動がステープラーの柔軟なネックを曲げる。この方法で、ステープラーの外科用連結具組立体の関節運動が行われる。
【0030】
図14−18と組み合わせて図3を参照し、ノズル本体50の更に詳細な説明が与えられる。ノズル本体は孔80を有し、これを通してステープラーのフレーム32から内視鏡シャフト40への連続的な連絡が与えられる。本体は、関節運動伝達機構組立体の本体をフレームに固定するためにフレーム溝60とフランジ61とを持つ(図1参照)。本体のフランジとは反対の側において、ステープラーの内視鏡シャフトの手元側端部が孔の中に摩擦のある状態で受け入れられる。振動円錐49及び回転円錐軸48を受け入れるハウジング62がノズル本体から伸びる。このハウジングは、振動円錐の座63と1対の回り止めの溝64とを持つ。振動円錐がハウジング内に差し込まれたとき、振動円錐の回り止めラグ53がハウジングの回り止め溝と揃うように置かれ、そして振動円錐はハウジング内で振動円錐の座の上に回転しないように置かれる。振動円錐は、回転運動は妨げられるが関節運動伝達機構の作動中に上下に振動することはできる。
【0031】
ノズル本体50から伸びているハウジング62は、ノズル本体の孔80と連絡している内側の筒状ポスト65も持つ。関節運動伝達機構組立体が組み立てられたとき、回転円錐軸48の駆動歯車55がハウジングの内側筒状ポストを通して差し込まれる。内側筒状ポストは円錐軸用の環状の座66を持つ。従って、関節運動伝達機構組立体が組み立てられたとき、回転円錐軸は振動円錐49内に置かれ、このため、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯は互いに組み合う。次いで、振動円錐が、回転円錐軸と共にハウジング内に挿入される。挿入されると、駆動歯車は内側筒状ポスト65を通して置かれ、回転円錐軸は内側筒状ポストの円錐軸の座66上に座る。振動円錐はハウジングの振動円錐の座63から軸方向で離れる方向に強制され、そして円錐の回り止めラグ53とハウジング内の回り止め溝64とが整列しているため回転することはできない。対照的に、回転円錐軸は振動円錐内で回転でき、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の結合により生じた回転に対する抵抗を克服することができる。更に、ハウジングは、アクチュエーター(後述)をハウジングに確保するために1対の保持用ラグ67を持つ。
【0032】
特に図6−9と組み合わせて図3を参照すれば、アクチュエーター47が詳細に示される。アクチュエーターは、レバーキャップ68と69、及びアクチュエーターに回転力を加え易くするようにキャップから伸びているレバーより構成される。レバーキャップの下側の中に歯の環状トレイとして示された第2組の解除用の歯70がある。キャップ内の第2組の解除用の歯は、関節運動伝達機構組立体が組み立てられたとき、振動円錐49の第1組の解除用の歯52と組み合って相互作用する、第2組の解除用の歯の内側に4個の駆動ラグノッチ71がある。組立て中、回転円錐軸48の駆動ラグ58がレバーキャップの駆動ラグノッチと揃えられ、回転円錐軸をキャップに確保する。キャップ下側には保持用リップ72もあり、これはハウジングへのレバーキャップの取り付けを容易にするためにノズル本体から伸びているハウジングの保持用ラグの上に適合する。最後に、キャップは、レバーキャップの時計方向又は反時計方向の回転の程度を限定するために4個のバヨネット型停止具73を備える。
【0033】
再び図3を参照すれば、下方ばね74が下方ばねの座75上でハウジング62内に座り、振動円錐を振動円錐の座63から離すように上方に押す。対応して、上方ばね80がレバーキャップの下側に確保され、回転円錐軸の環状の上方ばねの座59を押して座る。従って、上方ばねは、回転円錐軸を、ノズル本体の内側筒状ポスト65の円錐軸の座66に押し付ける下向きの方向で強制する、このため、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯は互いに押し付けられる。上方ばねはレバーキャップ68を上向きに押し、このため、キャップの保持用リップ72は、ノズル本体の保持用ラグ67の下面との摩擦接触状態にさせられる。更に、レバーキャップの押し下げが上方ばねを圧縮させ、このため、レバーキャップはバヨネット型停止具73を通過して回転でき、関節運動伝達機構組立体の組立及び分解を容易にする。
【0034】
図4及び5を参照すれば、図4及び5の第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯及び解除用の歯の各が、歯の先端76及び歯の先端から別れている1対の歯の側辺77を有することが観察できる。各歯は隣接の歯から歯を2分する中心線78及び歯の1対の側辺の一方と平行で中心線から角度を付けられた線79により定め得る歯の角度を持つ。図4及び5に示されるように、第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の各についての(図5にA2で示される)歯の角度が、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の各についての(図4にA1で示される)歯の角度より大きいことが有利である。更に、円錐軸、振動円錐及びレバーキャップは、好ましくは、第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の間の摩擦係数が第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の間の摩擦係数より小さい材料より作られることが望ましい。従って、回転円錐軸を回転させようとして第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯を外すために克服しなければならない抵抗は、レバーキャップを回転させようとして第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯を外すために克服しなければならない抵抗より大きい。
【0035】
図19を参照すれば、関節運動固定用組立体が固定位置において示される。この位置においては、第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯は、互いに押し合わせられ噛み合って、レバーキャップの回転を防止する。このため、ステープラーの外科用連結具組立体の関節運動位置が固定される。ステープラーの外科用連結具組立体に回転力を直接加える場合は、外科用連結具組立体の関節運動位置を変化させるには、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の間の大きな抵抗を克服することが必要となる。
【0036】
図20には、レバーに回転力が加えられたときの関節運動伝達機構組立体が示される。レバーキャップは回転運動しないようにされているため、この回転力が加えられると、レバーキャップの下側内の第2組の解除用の歯の乗上げ作用が振動円錐を下向きに押す(振動円錐の回り止めラグは、ノズル本体から伸びているハウジングの回り止め溝内での振動円錐の垂直運動だけを許す)。従って、回転力は、下方ばねによりなされる上向き方向とは逆方向に振動円錐を強制し、レバーが回されたとき、第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯を互いに乗り上げさせる。従って、レバーが固定位置から解除位置に回されると、第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯は互いに外れる。関節運動伝達機構組立体は、独立的に大きな抵抗を有する第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の組合を、第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯により与えられる小さな回転抵抗で容易に外せるという利点が得られ有利である。
【0037】
レバーが回されると、関節運動伝達機構組立体はステープラーの外科用連結具組立体を遠隔的に関節運動させる。希望の程度の関節運動が得られると、レバーに加えられた回転力が解放され、第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯は、直ちに互いに組み合って関節運動伝達機構組立体を、従ってステープラーの外科用連結具組立体を固定位置に位置決めする。
【0038】
本発明はその最も好ましい実施例に関して説明されたが、熟練技術者は多くの別の実施例が容易に実現できるであろう。例えば、本発明は関節式内視鏡用ステープラーに関連して説明されたが、本発明は、これを等しく通常の開腹式外科器具に応用できる。更に、本発明は外科用連結具組立体の遠隔式関節運動を提供する関節運動伝達機構組立体に関して説明されたが、本発明は、これを等しく別の種類のエンドエフェクターの遠隔式関節運動を提供する器具に応用可能である。従って、この詳細な説明に関連して説明された好ましい実施例は本発明だけを図解するために意図されたものであって、請求される本発明の範囲又は精神を限定することを意図したものではない。
【0039】
本発明の実施態様は以下のとおりである。
【0040】
1.器械のエンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させるための関節運動伝達機構組立体を備えた関節式外科器械であって、前記組立体が
a)前記器械に取り付けられた本体であって、これから伸びているハウジングを有する前記本体、
b)前記ハウジング内に回転方向には静止して置かれ前記ハウジング内で振動運動をする振動部材であって、これに第1組の解除用の歯と第1組の固定用の歯とを有する前記振動部材、
c)前記振動部材内で回転運動するように前記振動部材内に取り付けられた回転部材であって、前記回転部材の回転運動を駆動軸に取り付けられた長い伝導用ロッドの軸方向運動に転換するために前記関節運動伝達機構組立体の前記本体内に伸びている駆動軸をその上に有し、更に第2組の固定用の歯をその上に有する前記回転部材、及び
d)前記本体の前記ハウジングに回転可能に取り付けられかつ前記回転部材に回転力を加えるために前記回転部材に固定されたアクチュエーターであって、その上に第2組の解除用の歯を有する前記アクチュエーター
を備え、
前記関節運動伝達機構組立体が固定位置にあるときは、前記第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯が互いに押し合うように強制されて噛み合い組み合わせられて前記回転部材の回転を防止し、そして
前記関節運動伝達機構組立体が解除位置にあるときは、前記アクチュエーターが前記振動部材上の前記第1組の解除用の歯の強制を無くしそして前記第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯を外し、前記回転部材の回転を可能とする
前記関節式外科器械。
【0041】
2.前記第1組及び第2組の解除用及び固定用の歯の各は先端及び前記先端から分岐している1対の側辺を有し、これらの歯の各は隣接の歯から前記歯を2分している中心線及び前記1対の側辺の一方と平行な斜めの線により定められた歯角度を有し、第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の各の前記歯角度が前記第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の各の前記歯角度より大きい実施態様1の器械。
【0042】
3.前記関節運動伝達機構組立体が前記固定位置にあるとき、前記本体の前記ハウジング内に座らせられた下方ばね及び前記回転部材内に置かれた上方ばねが前記第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯を互いに近寄るように強制する実施態様2の器械。
【0043】
4.前記第1組及び第2組の固定用及び解除用の歯が前記歯のリングとして表示される実施態様3の器械。
【0044】
5.前記第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯が前記第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の間に同心状に表示される実施態様4の器械。
【0045】
6.前記アクチュエーターが、前記ハウジングに回転可能に取り付けられたキャップ、及び前記アクチュエーターに回転力を加えるように前記アクチュエーターを掴むために前記キャップから伸びているレバーを有する実施態様5の器械。7.前記キャップがその上に前記第2組の解除用の歯を有する実施態様6の器械。
【0046】
8.前記第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯が第1の摩擦係数を有し、前記第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯が第2の摩擦係数を有し、前記第1の摩擦係数が前記第2の摩擦係数より小さい実施態様2の器械。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】内視鏡用直線状ステープラーにおける本発明の好ましい関節運動式外科器械の短縮側面図である。ステープラーのフレームの一部分は、フレームに対する関節運動伝達機構組立体の取付けを示すために切り取られている。
【図2】非関節運動位置からのステープラーのエンドエフェクターの関節運動を示す図1の内視鏡用直線状ステープラーの平面図である。
【図3】図1の内視鏡用直線状ステープラーの関節運動伝達機構組立体の分解等角図である。
【図4】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体の第1組及び第2組の固定用の歯の組合の線図的な図面である。
【図5】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体の第1組及び第2組の解除用の歯の組合の線図的な図面である。
【図6】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体のアクチュエーター平面図である。
【図7】図6のアクチュエーターの側面図である。
【図8】図6のアクチュエーターの底視図である。
【図9】図8の線8−8に沿って得られた断面図である。
【図10】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体の回転部材の平面図である。
【図11】図10の回転部材の側面図である。
【図12】図10の回転部材の底視図である。
【図13】一般に図12の線13−13に沿って得られた断面図である。
【図14】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体の本体の平面図である。
【図15】図14の本体のの側面図である。
【図16】図14の本体の底視図である。
【図17】図14の線17−17に沿って得られた長手方向断面図である。
【図18】図14の線18−18に沿って得られた横断方向断面図である。
【図19】図3に示された関節運動伝達機構組立体の横断方向断面における組立図である。組立体は固定された位置で示され、固定された関節運動位置においてステープラーのエンドエフェクターを固定している。
【図20】図19と同様な横断方向断面を示している別の組立図である。この組立体はエンドエフェクターの関節運動ができる解除位置において示される。
【符号の説明】
31 手元側端部
32 フレーム
33 ハンドグリップ
34 引き金
35 引き金
37 外科用連結具組立体
38 アンビル
39 細長い溝
40 シャフト

Claims (1)

  1. 器械のエンドエフェクターを遠隔的に関節運動させるための関節運動伝達機構組立体を備えた関節式外科器械であって、
    記組立体が
    a)ハウジングを有する、前記器械に取り付けられた本体、
    b)前記ハウジング内に回転方向には静止して置かれ前記ハウジング内で振動運動をする振動部材であって、1組の解除用の歯と第1組の固定用の歯とを有する前記振動部材、
    c)前記振動部材内で回転運動するように前記振動部材内に取り付けられた回転部材であって、前記関節運動伝達機構組立体の前記本体内に伸びている駆動軸と、第2組の固定用の歯とを有し、前記回転部材の回転運動が、前記駆動軸に連結された長い伝導用部材の軸方向運動に転換される前記回転部材、及び
    d)前記本体の前記ハウジングに回転可能に取り付けられかつ前記回転部材に回転力を加えるために前記回転部材に連結されたアクチュエーターであって、2組の解除用の歯を有する前記アクチュエーターを備え、
    前記関節運動伝達機構組立体が固定位置にあるときは、前記第1組の固定用の歯と前記第2組の固定用の歯とが、そして、前記第1組の解除用の歯と前記第2組の解除用の歯とが互いに押し合うように強制力を受け、噛み合い組み合わせられて前記回転部材の回転を防止し、そして
    前記関節運動伝達機構組立体が上記固定位置から解除位置に移るときは、前記アクチュエーターが前記振動部材の前記第1組の解除用の歯に上記強制力とは反対方向の強制力を加えて、前記第1組の固定用の歯と第2組の固定用の歯とを外し、前記回転部材の回転を可能にする前記関節式外科器械。
JP13744797A 1996-05-13 1997-05-13 外科器械用の関節運動伝達機構 Expired - Lifetime JP3911068B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US08/645,434 US5823066A (en) 1996-05-13 1996-05-13 Articulation transmission mechanism for surgical instruments
US08/645434 1996-05-13

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JPH1043190A JPH1043190A (ja) 1998-02-17
JP3911068B2 true JP3911068B2 (ja) 2007-05-09

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US5823066A (en) 1998-10-20
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CA2204953A1 (en) 1997-11-13
EP0807409A1 (en) 1997-11-19
CA2204953C (en) 2005-11-08
EP0807409B1 (en) 2003-04-23
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DE69721119D1 (de) 2003-05-28
DE69721119T2 (de) 2004-01-29

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