JP3855185B2 - Greening method for sand and the like and structural material used in the method - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、降雨量に対して蒸発量が大きく乾燥が著しい砂漠、砂丘および砂地などに樹木や各種の野菜類などを根付かせて生育し、緑地化によって豊かな風土とするための砂地等の緑地化方法と、この緑地化方法に使用する構造材に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
砂漠、砂丘および砂地などの降雨量に対して水の蒸発量が大きく乾燥が著しい地域を緑化する方法として、従来から各種の方法が提案されている。たとえば、特公平１−６０６１３号公報には、植栽予定地の境界に堰板を打ち込み、その輪郭内の土を掘り下げて形成した凹所の底面と壁面に不透水層を形成すると共に、この凹所内に灌漑用のパイプと特定の培養土を入れて植生層を形成し、この植生層に植物の種子を播き、その表面を通気性の保護シートで覆い、さらにその上を遮光シートで覆って種子を発芽させて育成する砂漠等の緑化方法が開示されている。
【０００３】
また、特開平４−１０４７４１号公報においては、乾燥地域の土中に埋設した板体によって囲繞された隔壁部を形成し、該隔壁部内の土壌に所定割合の保水材を混合し、該隔壁部内に樹木を定植し、定植後に該隔壁部の上面を密閉し、定植した樹木の根が地中の地下水までに伸長する間、前記隔壁部内に灌水を施す乾燥地域の緑化システムが提案され、特開平６−１９７６２６号公報では、保水性と通気性を有する物質又は構造体を砂中に部分的に造成し、その上部に種子を播くか、植栽して植物の育成を図る砂地における緑化基礎工法を提案している。
【０００４】
さらに、特開昭６０−４９７２２公報においては、ガレ場、砂漠、海岸砂丘地あるいは法面などの植栽地に適宜の間隔で穴部を穿孔し、該穴部に無底の管状物に育成した樹木苗等の筒状植物を定植し、該管状物の側壁を網状、有孔または繊維状として透水性を付与し、側壁から側根、支根を伸長させ管外水分を吸収し、管内へは毛細管現象で水を吸引する植生工法を開示している。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これら公知の緑化工法において、前記特公平１−６０６１３号公報および特開平４−１０４７４１号公報に記載された緑化方法は、いずれも植物の育成に適した保水性の部分を地面に造成し、これに依存して植物の生育を図るものであるため、植生層の形成のための工事に多大の労力と費用を要し、また、灌水などの植生した植物の生育のための労力や費用も無視することができず、広大な砂漠地帯などにおける実現は期待し難い。
【０００６】
これに対し、特開平６−１９７６２６号に記載された砂地における緑化基礎工法は、保水性と通気性を有する物質又は保水性と通気性を有する構造体を、砂中に部分的に、しかも柱状に設けることによって前記した緑化方法に比して植生層の形成がきわめて容易で、経済性の点においてはきわめて有利であると考えられる。
【０００７】
しかしながら、日中の地表面における温度が７０〜８０℃で、しかも地中３０〜５０ｃｍの部位においても平均温度が４０〜５０℃となる砂漠地帯では、保水性と通気性を有する物質又は保水性と通気性を有する構造体に水分を担持させておいても、地熱によって保水材中の水分が簡単に蒸発するため、灌水施設を設ける必要性がきわめて高く、比較的気温の安定している地域においては有効であったとしても、砂漠のように日中の気温上昇が激しく、かつ水分蒸発の激しい地帯においては有効な緑化方法とはなり得ない。
【０００８】
一方、特開昭６０−４９７２２号公報に開示された植生工法は、植栽した植物の根を下方に伸ばすという点においては有効と考えられるが、前記の特開平６−１９７６２６号公報に記載の発明と同様に、砂漠のような地帯においては有効な緑化方法とはなり得ない。
【０００９】
この発明はかゝる現状に鑑み、日中の気温上昇が激しく、かつ水分蒸発の激しい熱帯乾燥地帯においても、容易に樹木や野菜類を根付かせて確実な生育によって緑地化することができる砂地等の緑地化方法と、この緑地化のための構造体材を提供せんとするものである。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の目的を達成するため、この発明の請求項１に記載する砂地等の緑地化方法は、
地表面から鉛直方向に所要の断面積と深さとを有する空所を形成し、
得た空所内の内周壁に沿って外筒部材を装着し、この外筒部材内に保水材入りの土壌を充填するとともに、その中央部に所要の断面積と深さとを有する筒状の空隙を形成し、
前記筒状の空隙内に、少なくとも下部外周に、多数の通孔を設けた所要の長さと断面積を有し、かつ保水材入りの植生用の土壌を充填した内筒部材を配置し、
各土壌に灌水を行い、土壌中の保水材に十分な水分を保持させたのち、内筒部材内の土壌に播種又は苗の植付けをし、植物を成育させること
を特徴とするものである。
【００１１】
また、この発明の請求項７に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材は、
請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いられるものであって、
所要の断面積と長さとを有する断熱効果のある外筒部材と、
外筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの土壌と、
この土壌の中央部に形成される空隙内に配置される所要の断面積と長さとを有し、かつ内部に充填される保水材入りの植生用の土壌が自重によって抜け落ちない構造を有し、断熱効果を有する内筒部材と、
内筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの植生用の土壌とからなること
を特徴とするものである。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法は、それぞれ内部に保水材入りの土壌を充填した外筒部材と内筒部材とによる内外二重の筒部材を、緑地化せんとする土壌中に配置し、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌を外筒部材内の土壌によって地熱から断熱せしめ、植生用の土壌を湿潤状態に保持しながら、該土壌に播いた種子又は植え付けた苗の育成を図ることを最大の特徴とするものである。
【００１３】
以下、この発明にかかる砂地等の緑地化方法の工程について、図面を引用して具体的に説明する。
図１および図２は、この発明の、砂地等の緑地化方法の基本的な構成を示すもので、砂漠において緑地化せんとする地域の土壌に、地表面Ｇから垂直に所要の断面積（実質的には直径）と深さとを有する円筒状の空所Ｘを、エンジン付のアースオーガによって形成し、得た円筒状の空所Ｘの内周壁に沿って、この空所Ｘの直径とほぼ同径で、かつ空所Ｘの深さと同じ長さを有する外筒部材１を装着する。
【００１４】
ついで、この円筒状の空所Ｘ内に保水材入りの土壌Ｓ1 を充填して、その中央部に所要の断面積と深さとを有する空隙を形成する。
【００１５】
この空隙の形成に際しては、前記空所Ｘの中央部に、所要の径と長さとを有する円筒状の筒状体を鉛直に保持したのち、保水材入りの土壌Ｓ1 を充填し、しかるのち筒状体を抜き去って空隙を形成してもよく、あるいは、空所Ｘ内に土壌Ｓ1を充填したのち、前記したアースオーガを使用して、所要の径と深さとを有する空隙を掘削形成してもよい。
【００１６】
一方、前記外筒部材１内に形成した空隙の内径より若干小さな断面積を有すると共に、空隙の深さとほぼ同じ長さを有する上部が開口した円筒状の内筒部材２内に保水材を入れた植生用の土壌Ｓ2 を充填し、長さの途中を適宜の間隔を保って緩く結紮し、この結紮部２ａで充填した保水材入りの植生用の土壌Ｓ2 が下方に移動して疎密な状態となることを防止する。
【００１７】
この内筒部材２は、使用に際しては、植生用の土壌中に含まれた保水材に十分な給水をさせるため、少なくとも筒状体の下部外周部に、より好ましくは筒状体の外周部の全面に亘って、給水用の通孔３，３・・・を形成したもので、この内筒部材２を水中に浸して、保水材入りの植生用の土壌Ｓ2 を充分に湿らせ、かつ保水材に十分な水分を含浸させる。
【００１８】
このようにして内部の保水材入り土壌Ｓ2 に水分を保有させた内筒部材２を、前記外筒部材１内の中央部に形成した空隙内に挿入し、外側に存在している外筒部材１の保水材入り土壌Ｓ1 との間に隙間が生じないよう土壌を充填し、しかるのち、外筒部材１内に灌水して、土壌中の保水材に十分なる給水をして土壌Ｓ1 を湿潤状態とする。
【００１９】
この状態において、砂漠などにおいては、外筒部材１外の地温は、深さ約３０〜５０ｃｍの部位で約４０〜５０℃、外筒部材１内の土壌Ｓ1 の地温は約３０℃前後、内筒部材２内の、植生用の土壌の地温は、約２５℃前後に保たれるので、内筒部材２の上部の開口部から、植生用の土壌Ｓ2 の中に目的とする樹木や野菜類の種子を播くか、あるいは苗を植え付けるが、播種もしくは苗の植え付けは常法のとおり、内筒部材２の表面から５０ｍｍ程度下がった部位に行うことが好ましい。
【００２０】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法は、これに用いる外筒部材１、内筒部材２およびこれらの中に充填する保水材入りの土壌Ｓ1 、又は植生用の土壌Ｓ2 に使用する保水材などの各資材は、基本的には、設置せんとする現地にこれらを個別に持ち込み、あるいは現地で調達して、前記のように組み立てることができる。
【００２１】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる内筒部材および外筒部材は、内部に保水材入りの土壌を充填して所定の形態を保持することができ、断熱効果のあるものであれば、その材質に特段の制限はないが、少なくとも外筒部材の材質は、外筒部材内の土壌中の水分が、外筒部材外の土壌中に流出することを効果的に防ぐことのできる材質からなることが好ましい。
【００２２】
かゝる外筒部材としては、たとえば、使用によって比較的長く地中に留まる塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのプラスチックのシートで作られた筒状体や、当該プラスチックによって成形された筒状の成形体、塩化ビニルパイプなどを用いることができ、この材質は内筒部材にも当然適用することができる。
【００２３】
また、環境保全の見地から、生分解性プラスチックなどが使用できるほか、たとえば、サイザル麻、杉の表皮、カーボン紙、再生段ボールなどの地中で比較的容易に分解消滅する素材を使用することもできる。
【００２４】
前記内筒部材および外筒部材の形態としては、断面が円形のものゝほか、角形や楕円形など任意の断面形状の筒部材を使用することができるが、好ましくは断面円形のものである。
【００２５】
この内筒部材と外筒部材のサイズは、基本的には、緑化のための地域、気候、風土、土質、地温および地中の乾燥状態などを考慮して決定するものであるが、内筒部材と外筒部材の好ましい断面積の比率は、内筒部材／外筒部材＝１：１５〜２０である。
【００２６】
また、それらの長さは、人工的に水分の補給を行うことなく、植物自身の根によって水分を吸収し、生育することができる水分の存在する地層の深さに相当する長さとすることが好ましく、砂漠地帯においては、おおむね５００〜１５００ｍｍの範囲である。
【００２７】
前記外筒部材は、有底もしくは無底のいずれでもよく、上部は開口しているが、使用に際しては、種を播いた場合には、発芽するまで全体をシート４によって覆い、苗を植えた場合には、苗の根元部分を除く内筒部材の開口部をシートなどで覆うことによって、水分の蒸散を一層防止することができ、しかも昼夜の寒暖差によってシートの裏面に水滴が生成され、この水滴が灌水として利用できる。
なお、このシートに代えて、植物が伸び出す部位以外の部位の地表面に、小石などを置いても同様の効果がある。
【００２８】
一方、内筒部材は、基本的には有底のものであるが、充填した植生用の保水材入りの土壌が自重によって、内筒部材から抜け落ちないものであれば、必ずしも有底のものに限定されず、土壌および保水材への水分の含浸および発芽し、あるいは伸長した根が内筒部材外に伸び出させるため、内筒部材の少なくとも下部近傍の外周に、多数の通孔を設けたものを使用するが、状況によっては、この小孔は下部に限らず全周に形成してもよい。
【００２９】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法においては、前記図１、図２に示した基本構成に対し、外筒部材と内筒部材の、内部の各土壌の保水性能を高めて湿潤状態を保持するために、図３に示す各種の手段を付加することができる。
【００３０】
すなわち、その一つは、内筒部材２を中央に備えて地中に埋設した外筒部材１の、周囲の地表面ＧＬの一定区域ＧＬ1 を、外筒部材１を越えて内筒部材２に向けて、緩やかな下がり勾配の傾斜面を形成し、内筒部材２を中心とした凹所を形成するものである。この凹所によって、降雨による前記一定区域ＧＬ1 内の雨水を集めて外筒部材１や内筒部材２の上部に流入させ、この雨水を土壌Ｓ1 ，Ｓ2 に集めて保水させることができる。
【００３１】
他の手段は、外筒部材１の上端を余分に長く形成し、これを中央の内筒部材２に向けて折り込んで折込部１ａを設け、この折込部１ａを、内筒部材２に向けて折り込んで外筒部材１の表面を覆うもので、この手段は、前記図１で示した外筒部材１と内筒部材２の開口部をシート４で覆う手段に似ているが、開口部を覆うための前記シート４を、別途用意する必要がない点で有利である。
【００３２】
さらに、他の手段としては、外筒部材１と内筒部材２の表面に岩石の塊Ｒなどを置いて日陰を作ることである。これら外筒部材１と内筒部材２の表面に、日陰を作って蒸発を防ぐ手段により、筒部材内の土壌が乾燥防止され、長期に亘って湿潤状態を保持することができるものである。
【００３３】
この保水のための他の手段として、外筒部材１の下端周縁に水嚢部１ｂを形成し、この水嚢部１ｂ内に、水を貯留させて埋め込むことにより、外筒部材１の地中への埋め込みに際して、水の入った水嚢部１ｂが錘の役目をなし、掘削した穴の中に、外筒部材１を容易に埋め込むことができると共に、埋め込んだ水嚢部１ｂが、土中において適宜の時期に破断し、土壌に給水することができる。
【００３４】
この発明における、内筒部材および外筒部材に収容する土壌に用いる保水材としては、保水と肥料の役目を兼ねた物質であることが望ましく、木炭、ピートモスなどの炭化物、堆肥、ソルガムや落花生などの殻、海草類、牛糞等の畜糞類、雑草、ベントナイトなどが使用可能である。
【００３５】
これに配合する土壌は、現地の土壌を使用してよく、土壌と保水材との配合割合は、対象地の乾燥度などによって選択されるが、内筒部材に充填するものにおいては、土壌／保水材の容積比でおおむね１／１、外筒部材に充填するものにおいては、おおむね１／０．３〜０．５が好適である。
【００３６】
この発明の、砂地等の緑地化に適用することができる樹木類、野菜類を挙げれば下記のとおりであり、これらの中から適宜に選ぶことができる。
（１）樹木類
緑化樹木として、ギンネム、パーキンソニア、アカシヤアルビダおよびアカシヤトリテリスなど。
高木類としては、インドセダン、オオバネム、タマリンド、ナツメ、ギョリュウ、モクマオウ、ユーカリ、コタテイシおよびヒルギダマシなど。
かん木類としては、ホホバ、唐ゴマおよびシオノキなど。
花木類として、ホウオウボク、キダチベニノウゼン、黄色ニワトコ、カエサルピニア、ハイビスカス、キクョウチクトウ、ブーゲンビリア、ジャスミン、シチヘンゲ、リョクヨウピソニア、アカバピソニア、ニシキカリファ、トラノオおよびリョクヨウアカリファなど。
果樹類として、マンゴー、グァバ、オレンジ、ミカン、ポンカン、レモンやザクロ、トケイソおよびウチワサボテンなど。
【００３７】
（２）野菜類
葉菜類としては、コマツナ、パクチョイ、ホウレンソウ、モロヘイヤおよびキャベツなど。
根菜類として、カブ、ニンジン、ダイコンおよびゴボウなど。
果菜類としては、オクラ、トマト、ピーマン、シシトウ、キュウリ、カボチャおよびメロンなど。
豆類として、インゲン、エダマメ、ダイズおよびエンドウなど。
【００３８】
【作用】
一般に、砂漠などの熱帯乾燥地帯では、地域によって相違はあるが、地表面の温度がおおむね７０〜８０℃となり、地表より３０〜５０ｃｍ下がった土中の温度も、およそ４０〜５０℃位の高い温度を呈する。このような熱帯乾燥地において、これまで樹木や野菜類などの植物の生育が難しかった理由として、地温を含めた外部の環境温度が、植物の生育限界温度（高温側の温度）近くまで上昇することが挙げられ、植え付けた植物の根が、この生育限界温度に近い地温に直接曝されるために根付きが悪く、これによって、枯死ないし著しい成長阻害が生じるものと考えられる。このため、この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法および緑地化のための構造体は、播種した種子もしくは苗の、発芽生育が容易となる環境を作らんとするもので、また、灌漑などを行って、安易に植物に水が得られる状態を作り出して、結果として、根を土壌の表層部に集中させるような手段を採ることなく、植物自身が、土壌中に存在する水分を探し、永久的に植物自身で水が得られるように、根を下方に伸ばすことができる環境を作り出すものである。
【００３９】
この発明の発明者は、かゝる熱帯乾燥地帯の緑地化の資料を得るために、下記の基礎実験を行った。すなわち、人工的な気象条件を作り出すことができる環境施設内において、土壌を入れて深さ６００ｍｍの土層を形成した大型容器の内部に、
（Ａ）直径１５０ｍｍ×長さ４００ｍｍの外筒部材と、直径５０ｍｍ×長さ４００ｍｍの内筒部材のそれぞれの内側に土壌を入れて形成した二重筒を存在させた場合
（Ｂ）直径５０ｍｍ×長さ４００ｍｍの筒部材に土壌を入れた単一筒を存在させた場合
（Ｃ）筒部材を使用しない単に土壌のみとした場合
以上の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）および（Ｃ）の各々について、昼夜（６月１５日の０時から２４時まで）を通した所定時間毎の筒内の地温（表面から５０ｍｍ下がった部分の地温）の変化を調査して図４の結果を得た。
【００４０】
また、一定量の水分を含有させた筒内土壌の深さに対する含水比（％）の分布を調査して図５の結果を得た
【００４１】
上記の図４から二重筒の使用は、他の単一筒や、筒部材を使用しない場合に比べ、地温の昼夜を通した温度変化に対して、最も安定した温度変化を示し、図５から二重筒の使用は、他の単一筒や、筒部材を使用しない場合に比べ、地中深さにおける含水比分布（％）が最も優れていることが判明した。
【００４２】
これは換言すれば、二重筒における外筒部材、およびその内側の保水材入りの土壌層の存在によって、内筒部材内の保水材入りの土壌に対して優れた断熱性と、保水性が付与されているものと言える。なお、図中、Ａは二重筒の場合を、Ｂは単一筒の場合を、また、Ｃは筒部材を使用しない場合の曲線を示すものである。
【００４３】
これらの実験結果から、この発明の、砂地等の緑地化方法および緑地化のための構造材は、保水材入りの土壌が水で湿潤状態に保持され、生育限界に近い高い地温を有する外筒部材外の土壌と、外筒部材内の土壌を外筒部材で遮断し、外筒部材内の土壌からの水分の蒸発を防ぐと同時に、当該土壌を断熱層として、内筒部材内の植生用土壌の温度上昇と、水分蒸発をより効果的に防止し、植物が生育する範囲の土壌を生育に最適な温度（おおむね２５℃以下）に近づけ、かつこの土壌の乾燥を防止し、湿潤状態を保持していることが容易に認められる。
【００４４】
かゝる状態において活着促進された植物は、内筒部材内の保水材入り土壌の持つ栄養分を吸収し、内筒部材内で根を伸長させ、伸長した根は、内筒部材によって下方にのみ伸長し、下部に設けた通孔から、外筒部材内の土壌が含む水分と栄養を吸収し、やがては深い土中の部分に、降雨によって保留されている湿潤層や地下の水脈などの水分を、自身で探してその水を吸収し、これによって、枝葉を繁茂させて、短期間に砂地等の緑地化を達成するものである。
【００４５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例を示し、この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法を、さらに具体的に説明する。
＜実施例１＞
アフリカ北東部のジプチ共和国に存在する砂漠地帯において、砂漠の緑地化のための作業を下記のとおり実施した。このジプチ共和国に存在する砂漠地帯は、粘土・シルト・砂地で形成され、深さ１〜２ｍ程度の部分に湿潤層を持つものである。
まず、この砂漠の緑化を対象とした地面に、直径約１５０ｍｍ×高さ約１０００ｍｍの垂直な空所をアースオーガを使用して掘削した。この空所の内周壁に沿って、ポリエチレンシートで作った直径１５０ｍｍ×高さ１０００ｍｍの上下が開口した円筒状の外筒部材を挿入し、この外筒部材の中に、保水材としてピートモスを使用し、現地の土壌と前記ピートモスとを、容積比で１：０．５となるように配合して得た混合土壌を充填した。
この外筒部材の内部中央に、アースオーガによって直径約５０ｍｍ×深さ約９００ｍｍの垂直な空隙を掘削形成した。
【００４６】
別に、ポリエチレンシートによって、直径約５０ｍｍ×深さ約９００ｍｍの上部が開口した袋を作り、この袋の、下部約３００ｍｍの範囲の外周面に、多数の通孔を穿設して筒状体を形成した。
この筒状体の中にピートモスを保水材とし、このピートモスと現地の土壌とを、容積比で１：１となるように配合した植生用の土壌を充填し、筒状体の途中を３か所に亘って、緩く結紮して内筒部材を構成した。
【００４７】
かくして得た内筒部材を、２４時間水中に浸漬して内部の保水材に水を含ませ、これを外筒部材の中央部に形成した空隙内に挿入し、内筒部材の外周面と外筒部材内の土壌との間に、隙間が生じないよう埋めたのち、外筒部材内の土壌にも給水して、保水材中に十分なる給水を行ったのち、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌内に、上部からマメ科の常緑樹であるギンネムを播種して育成を図った。
【００４８】
＜比較例１＞
一方、外筒部材を用いることなく、前記実施例１の、保水材入り植生用の土壌を充填した内筒部材と同じ筒状体のみを使用し、この筒状体に、浸水処理を施して掘削した土壌中に埋め込み、その中にギンネムを播種して育成を図った。
【００４９】
＜比較例２＞
これら実施例１と比較例１による育成とは別に、筒状体を使用することなく、直接土壌にギンネムを播種して育成を図った。
【００５０】
前記実施例１と比較例１、および比較例２の植物の成長度について、播種から７５日後の、枝葉の成長の高さを調査し〔表１〕の結果を得た。
【００５１】
【表１】
【００５２】
＜実施例２および比較例３，４＞
前記実施例１、比較例１および２において播種したギンネムに代えて、マメ科の常緑高木であるアカシヤアルビダを播種した以外は、実施例１、比較例１および２と同様にして育成を実施し、播種後７５日における伸長した枝葉の高さを調査して〔表２〕の結果を得た。
【００５３】
【表２】
【００５４】
以上の表から明らかなとおり、この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法による実施例１および２は、単一の筒状体を使用して植物の育成を図った比較例１，３および筒状体を全く使用せずに、普通の方法で育成を図った比較例２，４に比べて、短期間に圧倒的に優れた育成の成績を挙げることができ、砂地等を比較的短い期間で緑地化することができた。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法は、地表面から垂直方向に掘削した土壌の空所内に、外筒部材を配置し、この外筒部材内に保水材入りの土壌を充填し、そのほぼ中央部に、筒状の空隙を形成し、該筒状の空隙内に、同じく保水材入りの植生用の土壌を充填した少なくとも下部外周に通孔を設けた内筒部材を配し、外筒部材によって、外筒部材内の土壌と外の土壌とを遮断し、外筒部材内の水分の蒸発を抑制し、外筒部材内の土壌を断熱層とすることによって、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌を、植物育成の限界を超えた地温から効果的に断熱することができる。また、植生用の土壌の湿潤状態に保持し、植生用の土壌に播いた種子又は植え付けた苗の成長に必要な水分と温度を維持し、植物自身の根が、深い土中の部分に降雨によって保留されている湿潤層や、地下の水脈などの水分を探して伸長し、その水を吸収することによって、枝葉を繁茂させ、短期間にしかも容易に砂地等を緑地化することができる。
【００５６】
特に、この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法は、保水材を混入した植生用の土壌を充填した内筒部材の外側を、保水材を含む所要の厚みの土壌で囲い、外筒部材によって外筒部材内の保水材及び土壌中の水分の蒸発を抑制し、かつこの外筒部材内の土壌を断熱層とすることによって、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌を、植物の育成には適しない地温を有する外部の土壌から断熱すると共に、この外筒部材内の土壌中の水分の蒸発によって、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌の冷却を図ることができるので、内筒部材内の植生用の土壌の温度と水分を、常に植物の育成に必要な範囲に保持することができる。
【００５７】
また、この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法は、少ない資材と工程作業によって、特段の熟練を要することなく、必要な地域を緑地化できる点で優れており、大掛かりな工事なども必要とせずに、きわめて経済的かつ効果的に砂地等の緑地化を推進することができ、砂漠などの熱帯乾燥地の緑地化に大きく貢献するものである。
【００５８】
この発明の砂地等の緑地化のための構造材は、断熱効果を有し、内部に保水材入りの土壌を充填するための外筒部材と、外筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの土壌と、この土壌の中央部に形成される空隙内に配置され、断熱効果を有し、内部に保水材入りの植生用土壌を充填するための内筒部材と、内筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの植生用の土壌と、によって構成することによって、砂漠など水分蒸発が激しく、植物の育成に適した地中温度を有しない地域の緑地化することができ、効率的に実施することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法の説明のための一部切欠斜視図である。
【図２】 植物の育成状態を示すための一部切欠説明図である。
【図３】 この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法の説明のための他の態様を示した一部切欠斜視図である。
【図４】 この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材の内筒部材内の地温と、内筒部材のみを使用した場合の内筒部材内の地温および内筒部材を使用しない植物育成地内の地温の時間的変化を表わす説明図である。
【図５】 この発明の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材の内筒部材内の深さに対する含水比の分布と、内筒部材のみを使用した場合の内筒部材内の深さに対する含水比の分布とおよび内筒部材を使用しない植物育成地内の深さに対する含水比を比較した説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 外筒部材
２ 内筒部材
２ａ 結紮部
３ 通孔
Ｓ１ 外筒部材内の土壌
Ｓ２ 内筒部材内の植生用の土壌[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention grows by rooting trees and various vegetables in deserts, dunes and sandy areas that have a large evaporation amount with respect to the rainfall and drastically dry. Greening method and structure used for this greening methodMaterialIt is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various methods have been proposed as methods for greening an area where evaporation of water is large and rainfall is drastically with respect to rainfall, such as deserts, dunes and sand. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-60613, a barrier plate is driven into the boundary of the planned planting site, and a water-impermeable layer is formed on the bottom surface and wall surface of the recess formed by digging up the soil in the contour. A vegetation layer is formed by placing an irrigation pipe and a specific culture soil in the recess, sowing plant seeds on this vegetation layer, covering the surface with a breathable protective sheet, and then covering it with a light-shielding sheet. A greening method for deserts and the like for germinating and growing seeds is disclosed.
[0003]
In JP-A-4-104741, a partition wall surrounded by a plate body embedded in the soil in a dry region is formed, and a predetermined proportion of water retaining material is mixed into the soil in the partition wall, A tree planting system in a dry area is proposed, in which the upper surface of the partition wall is sealed after planting, and the roots of the planted tree extend to the groundwater in the ground while irrigating the partition wall. In Japanese Patent No. 6-197626, a greening basic construction method in a sandy area in which a substance or structure having water retention and breathability is partially created in sand and seeds are planted on the top or planted to grow plants. Has proposed.
[0004]
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-49722, holes are drilled at appropriate intervals in planting areas such as gale fields, deserts, coastal dunes or slopes, and grown into bottomless tubular objects in the holes. Planted cylindrical plants such as tree seedlings, and added the water permeability by making the side wall of the tubular material net, perforated or fibrous, extending the side roots and branch roots from the side walls to absorb the moisture outside the tube, and into the pipe Discloses a vegetation method for sucking water by capillary action.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In these known tree planting methods, the tree planting methods described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-60613 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-104741 both create a water retention part suitable for plant growth on the ground. Depends on the plant, so it takes a lot of labor and cost to construct the vegetation layer, and also ignores the labor and cost for vegetation growing such as irrigation It cannot be realized, and realization in a vast desert area is difficult to expect.
[0006]
On the other hand, the greening basic construction method in sandy land described in JP-A-6-197626 is based on a substance having water retention and breathability or a structure having water retention and breathability partially in the sand and in a columnar shape. It is considered that the vegetation layer can be formed very easily as compared with the above-mentioned greening method, and it is considered extremely advantageous in terms of economy.
[0007]
However, in a desert area where the temperature on the ground surface during the day is 70 to 80 ° C. and the average temperature is 40 to 50 ° C. even at a site of 30 to 50 cm in the ground, a substance having water retention and air permeability or water retention Even in the case where moisture is supported on a structure with air permeability, the water in the water retaining material easily evaporates due to geothermal heat, so it is highly necessary to install a irrigation facility and the area is relatively stable in temperature. Even if it is effective in Japan, it cannot be an effective method for greening in areas where the temperature rises rapidly during the day and the water evaporation is intense, such as in the desert.
[0008]
On the other hand, the vegetation method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-49722 is considered effective in terms of extending the roots of planted plants downward, but is described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-197626. Similar to the invention, it cannot be an effective method for greening in desert areas.
[0009]
In view of the current situation, the present invention is a sandy area that can easily be rooted with trees and vegetables and can be greened by reliable growth even in a tropical dry zone where the temperature rise during the day is intense and the water evaporation is intense. Greening method such as, and structure for this greeningMaterialIs intended to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a greening method for sandy land or the like according to claim 1 of the present invention,
Form a void with the required cross-sectional area and depth in the vertical direction from the ground surface,
Attaching the outer cylinder member along the inner peripheral wall in the obtained void, filling the outer cylinder member with soil containing water retention materialAs well as, Forming a cylindrical gap having a required cross-sectional area and depth at the center,
In the cylindrical gap, an inner cylinder member having a required length and a cross-sectional area provided with a plurality of through holes at least on the outer periphery of the lower part and filled with soil for vegetation containing a water retention material is disposed,
After irrigating each soil and holding water in the water retaining material in the soil, seeding or planting seedlings in the soil in the inner cylinder member to grow the plant
It is characterized by.
[0011]
Moreover, the structure used for the greening method of sand or the like according to claim 7 of the present inventionMaterialIs
It is used for the greening method of sand or the like according to claim 1,
A heat-insulating outer cylinder member having a required cross-sectional area and length;
Soil containing water retaining material filled in the outer cylinder member,
thissoilIn the gap formed in the center ofArrangementHave the required cross-sectional area and length, and insideFilledAn inner cylinder member having a structure in which soil for vegetation containing a water retaining material does not fall off due to its own weight and has a heat insulating effect;,
Soil for vegetation with water retaining material filled in the inner cylinder member andConsist of
It is characterized by.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The greening method for sandy land and the like according to the present invention is arranged in the soil that is the greening of the inner and outer double cylindrical members by the outer cylindrical member and the inner cylindrical member each filled with water-containing soil. Insulating the vegetation soil in the inner cylinder member from geothermal heat by the soil in the outer cylinder member, and maintaining the vegetation soil in a moist state while aiming to grow seeds seeded on the soil or planted seedlings It is the biggest feature.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the steps of the greening method for sand and the like according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the basic configuration of the greening method for sandy land and the like according to the present invention. A cylindrical cavity X having a diameter (substantially diameter) and depth is formed by an earth auger with an engine, and along the inner peripheral wall of the obtained cylindrical cavity X, the diameter of the cavity X The outer cylinder member 1 having substantially the same diameter and the same length as the depth of the space X is mounted.
[0014]
Next, a soil S containing a water retaining material in the cylindrical space X1And a gap having a required cross-sectional area and depth is formed at the center thereof.
[0015]
In forming this void, a cylindrical tube having a required diameter and length is vertically held in the center of the void X, and then the soil S containing a water retaining material is used.1And then the cylindrical body may be removed to form a void, or the soil S in the void X1After filling, a gap having a required diameter and depth may be formed by excavation using the above-described earth auger.
[0016]
On the other hand, it has a cross-sectional area slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the gap formed in the outer cylinder member 1 and has a cylindrical shape with an open upper portion having substantially the same length as the depth of the gap.Inner cylinder member 2Soil for vegetation with water retaining material inside2 The soil S for vegetation containing a water retention material filled with the ligation part 2a is loosely ligated in the middle of the length with an appropriate interval.2 Move down and become sparseTo prevent.
[0017]
In use, the inner cylindrical member 2 is provided at least on the lower outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body, more preferably on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body, in order to allow sufficient water supply to the water retaining material contained in the soil for vegetation. The water supply through-holes 3, 3,... Are formed over the entire surface. The inner cylinder member 2 is immersed in water, and the soil S for vegetation containing a water retaining material is used.2 Is sufficiently moistened, and the water retaining material is impregnated with sufficient moisture.
[0018]
In this way, the soil S with water retaining material inside2 The inner cylinder member 2 in which moisture is retained is inserted into a gap formed in the central portion of the outer cylinder member 1, and the water retaining material-containing soil S of the outer cylinder member 1 existing outside.1So that there is no gap between the outer cylinder member 1 and the outer cylinder member 1InsideWater is supplied to the soil and water is supplied to the water retaining material in the soil.1Is in a wet state.
[0019]
In this state, in the desert or the like, the ground temperature outside the outer cylinder member 1 is about 40 to 50 ° C. at the site of the depth of about 30 to 50 cm, and the soil S in the outer cylinder member 1.1The soil temperature for the vegetation is kept at about 30 ° C., and the soil temperature for the vegetation soil in the inner cylinder member 2 is kept at about 25 ° C.2The seeds of the target tree or vegetable are sown in or the seedling is planted, but it is preferable that the sowing or seedling planting is performed at a site lowered by about 50 mm from the surface of the inner cylinder member 2 as usual. .
[0020]
Of this inventionThe greening method of sand or the like includes the outer cylinder member 1, the inner cylinder member 2, and the soil S containing a water retaining material to be filled therein.1 Or soil S for vegetation2 Basically, each of the materials such as water retention materials used for the above is brought individually to the site where they are to be installed, or procured locally, as described above.Can be assembled.
[0021]
The inner cylinder member and the outer cylinder member used in the greening method for sandy land and the like of the present invention can be filled with soil containing a water retaining material to maintain a predetermined form., Insulation effectIf it is, the material is not particularly limited, but at least the material of the outer cylinder member is that moisture in the soil inside the outer cylinder member flows out into the soil outside the outer cylinder member.TheIt is preferably made of a material that can be effectively prevented.
[0022]
As such an outer cylindrical member, for example, a cylindrical body made of a plastic sheet such as vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, or polypropylene that stays in the ground for a relatively long time by use, or a cylindrical body molded by the plastic. Compact, Vinyl chloride pipeThese materials can be applied to the inner cylinder member as a matter of course.
[0023]
In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental conservation, biodegradable plastics can be used.Cedar skin,Materials that decompose and disappear relatively easily in the ground, such as carbon paper and recycled cardboard, can also be used.
[0024]
As a form of the inner cylinder member and the outer cylinder member, a cylindrical member having an arbitrary cross section such as a square or an ellipse can be used in addition to a circular cross section, and a circular cross section is preferable.
[0025]
The sizes of the inner cylinder member and the outer cylinder member are basically determined in consideration of the area for greening, climate, climate, soil quality, soil temperature, and dry conditions in the ground. The ratio of the preferable cross-sectional area of a member and an outer cylinder member is inner cylinder member / outer cylinder member = 1: 15-20.
[0026]
In addition, the length may be a length corresponding to the depth of the stratum in which moisture can be absorbed and grown by the roots of the plant itself without artificial water supply. Preferably, in a desert area, it is the range of about 500-1500 mm.
[0027]
The outer cylinder member may be bottomed or bottomless, and the upper part is open, but in use, when seeded, the whole is covered with a sheet 4 until seedling and seedlings are planted. In this case, by covering the opening of the inner cylinder member excluding the root part of the seedling with a sheet or the like, water evaporation can be further prevented, and water drops are generated on the back surface of the sheet due to the temperature difference between day and night, This water droplet can be used as irrigation.
In addition, it replaces with this sheet | seat, and there exists the same effect even if it puts a pebble etc. on the ground surface of site | parts other than the site | part where a plant extends.
[0028]
On the other hand, the inner cylinder member is basically bottomed, but if the soil containing the water retention material for vegetation filled does not fall out of the inner cylinder member due to its own weight, the inner cylinder member is not necessarily bottomed. Not limited, in order to allow soil and water retaining material to impregnate and germinate moisture, or to extend the extended root out of the inner cylinder member, a large number of through holes are provided in the outer periphery at least near the lower portion of the inner cylinder member. Depending on the situation, this small hole may be formed not only in the lower part but in the entire circumference.
[0029]
In the greening method for sandy land and the like of the present invention, the water retention performance of each internal soil of the outer cylinder member and the inner cylinder member is improved and the wet state is maintained with respect to the basic configuration shown in FIGS. Therefore, various means shown in FIG. 3 can be added.
[0030]
That is, one of them is an outer cylinder member that is embedded in the ground with the inner cylinder member 2 in the center.1The constant area GL of the surrounding ground surface GL1A slanting surface with a gentle downward slope is formed toward the inner cylinder member 2 beyond the outer cylinder member 1, and a recess centered on the inner cylinder member 2 is formed. Due to this recess, the certain area GL caused by rainfall1The rainwater inside is collected and allowed to flow into the upper part of the outer cylinder member 1 and the inner cylinder member 2, and this rainwater is discharged into the soil S.1, S2Can be collected and kept in water.
[0031]
The other means is that the upper end of the outer cylinder member 1 is formed to be excessively long, and is folded toward the central inner cylinder member 2 to provide a folding part 1a. The folding part 1a is directed toward the inner cylinder member 2. It is folded to cover the surface of the outer cylinder member 1, and this means is similar to the means for covering the openings of the outer cylinder member 1 and the inner cylinder member 2 shown in FIG. This is advantageous in that it is not necessary to separately prepare the sheet 4 for covering.
[0032]
Furthermore, as another means, a rock lump or the like is placed on the surfaces of the outer cylinder member 1 and the inner cylinder member 2 to make a shade. By means for creating a shade on the surfaces of the outer cylinder member 1 and the inner cylinder member 2 to prevent evaporation, the soil in the cylinder member is prevented from being dried and can be kept moist for a long time.
[0033]
As another means for water retention, a water sac portion 1b is formed at the lower edge of the outer cylinder member 1, and water is stored and embedded in the water sac portion 1b. When embedding into the water, the water sac portion 1b containing water serves as a weight, and the outer cylinder member 1 can be easily embedded in the excavated hole, and the embedded water sac portion 1b Can be broken at an appropriate time and supplied to the soil.
[0034]
In the present invention, the water retention material used for the soil accommodated in the inner cylinder member and the outer cylinder member is preferably a substance that serves as both water retention and fertilizer, charcoal such as charcoal and peat moss, compost, sorghum and peanuts, etc. Shells, seaweeds, livestock dung such as cow dung, weeds, bentonite, etc. can be used.
[0035]
As the soil to be mixed, local soil may be used, and the mixing ratio of the soil and the water retention material is selected depending on the dryness of the target land, etc. In the case of filling the outer cylinder member with a water retention material volume ratio of approximately 1/1, approximately 1 / 0.3 to 0.5 is preferable.
[0036]
Trees and vegetables that can be applied to greening of sand and the like according to the present invention are as follows, and can be appropriately selected from these.
(1) Trees
Greening trees include Ginnemu, Parkinsonia, Akashiya Albida and Akashiya Triteris.
Examples of trees include Indian sedans, barbane, tamarind, jujube, goryo, mokumao, eucalyptus, kota-teshi and hirugidamas.
Examples of shrubs include jojoba, sesame sesame and shionoki.
As flowering trees, scallops, yellow beetle, yellow elderberry, caesarpinia, hibiscus, oleander, bougainvillea, jasmine, kichichenge, ryeopisonia, akabapisonia, nishikikarifa, tiger nori, and ryokuyo akarifa.
Fruit trees include mango, guava, orange, mandarin, ponkan, lemon, pomegranate, tomato and prickly pear.
[0037]
(2) Vegetables
Examples of leafy vegetables include komatsuna, pakchoi, spinach, moroheiya and cabbage.
Root vegetables such as turnip, carrot, radish and burdock.
Fruits and vegetables include okra, tomatoes, peppers, shishitou, cucumbers, pumpkins and melons.
Beans include green beans, green beans, soybeans and peas.
[0038]
[Action]
In general, in tropical arid regions such as deserts, although there are differences depending on the region, the temperature of the ground surface is generally 70 to 80 ° C, and the temperature in the soil that is 30 to 50 cm below the surface is also about 40 to 50 ° C. Presents temperature. In such a tropical dry land, it has been difficult to grow plants such as trees and vegetables so far. The external environmental temperature including the ground temperature rises to near the plant growth limit temperature (temperature on the high temperature side). The root of the planted plant is directly exposed to a soil temperature close to the growth limit temperature, and thus the rooting is poor, which is considered to cause death or significant growth inhibition. For this reason, the greening method and the structure for greening of sand and the like according to the present invention are intended to create an environment in which seeded seeds or seedlings can be easily germinated and grown, and irrigation is performed. The plant itself can easily obtain water, and as a result, the plant itself searches for the moisture present in the soil without taking measures to concentrate the roots on the surface of the soil. It creates an environment where the roots can be extended downward so that the plants themselves get water.
[0039]
The inventor of the present invention conducted the following basic experiment in order to obtain greening data for such a tropical dry zone. That is, in an environmental facility that can create artificial weather conditions, inside a large container in which soil is put and a soil layer having a depth of 600 mm is formed,
(A) An outer cylinder member having a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 400 mm, and an inner cylinder member having a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 400 mmInside of eachWhen there is a double cylinder formed by putting soil in
(B) When there is a single cylinder in which soil is placed in a cylinder member having a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 400 mm
(C) When only the soil is used without using the cylindrical member
For each of the above (A), (B), and (C), the temperature of the in-cylinder temperature (a part that is 50 mm lower than the surface) at predetermined intervals through day and night (from 0:00 to 24:00 on June 15) The result of Fig. 4 was obtained by investigating the change in the ground temperature.
[0040]
Further, the distribution of the water content ratio (%) with respect to the depth of the in-cylinder soil containing a certain amount of water was investigated, and the result of FIG. 5 was obtained.
[0041]
From the above FIG. 4, the use of the double cylinder shows the most stable temperature change with respect to the temperature change through the day and night of the ground temperature, as compared with the case where no other single cylinder or cylinder member is used. Therefore, it was found that the use of the double cylinder is the best in the moisture content distribution (%) at the depth of the ground compared to other single cylinders and the case where no cylinder member is used.
[0042]
In other words, the outer cylinder member in the double cylinder, and the inner cylinder member due to the presence of the soil layer containing the water retaining material inside thereof.InsideOn soil with water retention materialforExcellent heat insulation and water retentionGrantIt can be said that. In the figure, A shows a case of a double cylinder, B shows a case of a single cylinder, and C shows a curve when no cylinder member is used.
[0043]
From these experimental results, the greening method for sandy land and the structure for greening of this inventionMaterialThe soil containing the water retaining material is kept wet with water, and the soil outside the outer cylinder member having a high soil temperature close to the growth limit is blocked from the soil inside the outer cylinder member by the outer cylinder member. In addition to preventing water from evaporating from the soil, the soil is used as a heat insulating layer, and the temperature of the soil for vegetation in the inner cylinder member is increased more effectively, and water evaporation is more effectively prevented. It is easily recognized that the temperature is close to the optimum temperature for growth (generally 25 ° C. or less), the soil is prevented from drying, and is kept moist.
[0044]
Plants that have been promoted in such a state absorb the nutrients of the water-containing material-containing soil in the inner cylinder member, extend the root in the inner cylinder member, and the extended root is only downward by the inner cylinder member. Elongates and absorbs moisture and nutrients contained in the soil in the outer cylinder member from the through hole provided in the lower part, and eventually, moisture such as wet layers and underground water veins that are held by rainfall It is a thing which searches for itself and absorbs the water, and by this, branches and leaves grow, and it achieves greening such as sandy land in a short time.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples will be shown, and the greening method for sand and the like according to the present invention will be described more specifically.
<Example 1>
In the desert area of the Gipuchi Republic in northeastern Africa, the work for greening the desert was carried out as follows. The desert area that exists in the Republic of Gipuchi is made of clay, silt, and sand, and has a wet layer at a depth of about 1 to 2 m.
First, a vertical space having a diameter of about 150 mm and a height of about 1000 mm was excavated on the ground intended for the greening of the desert using an earth auger. A cylindrical outer cylinder member with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 1000 mm made of a polyethylene sheet is inserted along the inner peripheral wall of the void, and peat moss is used as a water retaining material in the outer cylinder member. The mixed soil obtained by blending the local soil and the peat moss so that the volume ratio was 1: 0.5 was filled.
A vertical gap having a diameter of about 50 mm and a depth of about 900 mm was excavated and formed in the center of the inside of the outer cylinder member by an earth auger.
[0046]
Separately, a polyethylene sheet is used to form a bag having an opening of about 50 mm in diameter and about 900 mm in depth, and a large number of through holes are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower part in the range of about 300 mm to form a cylindrical body. Formed.
In this cylindrical body, peat moss is used as a water retentive material, and vegetation soil in which this peat moss and local soil are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 is filled. The inner cylinder member was constructed by ligating loosely over the area.
[0047]
The inner cylinder member thus obtained is immersed in water for 24 hours so that water is contained in the internal water retaining material, which is inserted into the gap formed in the central portion of the outer cylinder member, and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder member and the outer After filling the cylinder member with soil so that there is no gap between them, water is also supplied to the soil in the outer cylinder member, and sufficient water is supplied to the water retaining material. In this soil, seedlings were grown from the upper part of Ginnemu, an evergreen tree of the leguminous family.
[0048]
<Comparative Example 1>
On the other hand, without using an outer cylinder member, only the same cylindrical body as the inner cylinder member filled with soil for vegetation containing water retaining material in Example 1 was used, and this cylindrical body was subjected to water immersion treatment. It was buried in the excavated soil and cultivated by seeding ginnem in it.
[0049]
<Comparative example 2>
Separately from the growth in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the seedlings were seeded directly on the soil without using a cylindrical body, and the growth was attempted.
[0050]
About the growth degree of the plant of the said Example 1, the comparative example 1, and the comparative example 2, the height of the growth of a branch and leaf 75 days after sowing was investigated, and the result of [Table 1] was obtained.
[0051]
[Table 1]
[0052]
<Example 2 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4>
In place of Ginnemu sowed in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, breeding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, except that Acacia albida, which is a leguminous evergreen tree, was sowed. The height of the elongated branches and leaves 75 days after sowing was investigated, and the results of [Table 2] were obtained.
[0053]
[Table 2]
[0054]
As is clear from the above table, Examples 1 and 2 by the greening method for sandy land and the like according to the present invention are Comparative Examples 1 and 3 and a tubular body in which plants are grown using a single tubular body. Compared to Comparative Examples 2 and 4, which were cultivated in the usual way without using any, the results of overwhelmingly superior growth can be obtained in a short period of time. I was able to.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
The greening method for sandy land and the like of the present invention, in the void of the soil excavated vertically from the ground surface,An outer cylinder member is arranged, and the outer cylinder member is filled with soil containing a water retaining material.In the middle ofA cylindrical gap is formed, and in the cylindrical gap,Also fill the soil for vegetation with water retaining materialTheAn inner cylinder member provided with a through hole at least on the outer periphery of the lower part is arranged, and the outer cylinder member blocks the soil inside the outer cylinder member and the outside soil, and suppresses evaporation of moisture in the outer cylinder member. By making the soil in the member a heat insulating layer, the soil for vegetation in the inner cylinder member is effectively insulated from the ground temperature exceeding the limit of plant growth.can do. Also, Keep the vegetation soil moist and maintain the moisture and temperature necessary for the growth of seeds or seedlings sown in the vegetation soil; By searching for moisture such as the wet layer and the underground water vein that stretches and absorbing the water, branches and leaves can be proliferated, and sandy land can be greened easily in a short time.
[0056]
In particular, the greening method for sandy land and the like according to the present invention is such that the outside of the inner cylinder member filled with vegetation soil mixed with a water retention material is surrounded by soil of a required thickness including the water retention material, and the outer cylinder member Suppresses evaporation of water in the water retaining material and soilIn the outer cylinder memberBy using the soil as a heat insulating layer, the soil for vegetation in the inner cylinder member has a soil temperature that is not suitable for plant growth.OutsideInsulate from the soil and thisIn the outer cylinder memberFor vegetation in the inner cylinder member due to evaporation of moisture in the soilofBecause the soil can be cooled, it is for vegetation in the inner cylinder member.ofThe temperature and moisture of the soil can always be maintained within the range necessary for plant growth.
[0057]
In addition, the greening method for sandy land and the like of the present invention is excellent in that it can be greened in a necessary area without requiring a special skill by using a small amount of materials and process work, and without requiring extensive construction. Therefore, it is possible to promote the greening of sandy land and the like extremely economically and effectively, and greatly contribute to the greening of tropical drylands such as deserts.
[0058]
Structure for greening of sand and the like according to the present inventionMaterialHas an insulating effect, and an outer cylinder member for filling the soil with water retaining material therein,Soil with water retaining material filled in the outer cylinder member, and this soilIn the center ofIn the gap formedAn inner cylinder member that is arranged and has a heat insulation effect, and is filled with vegetation soil containing a water retaining material inside., Soil for vegetation containing water retaining material filled in the inner cylinder member,Configure byByIn areas such as deserts where water evaporation is intense and the ground temperature is not suitable for plant growth, it can be converted to green space and can be implemented efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view for explaining a greening method for sand or the like according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway explanatory view for showing a growing state of a plant.
FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment for explaining a method for greening sand or the like according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a structure used in the greening method for sandy land and the like of the present invention.MaterialIt is explanatory drawing showing temporal change of the ground temperature in the inner cylinder member, the ground temperature in the inner cylinder member at the time of using only an inner cylinder member, and the ground temperature in the plant breeding ground which does not use an inner cylinder member.
FIG. 5 shows a structure used in the greening method for sandy land and the like according to the present invention.MaterialDistribution of moisture content with respect to the depth within the inner cylinder member, distribution of moisture content with respect to the depth within the inner cylinder member when only the inner cylinder member is used, and depth within the plant growing area without using the inner cylinder member It is explanatory drawing which compared the moisture content ratio with respect to.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Outer cylinder member
2 Inner cylinder member
2a Ligation part
3 through holes
S1 Soil in the outer cylinder member
S2 Soil for vegetation in the inner cylinder member
Claims (11)
得た空所内の内周壁に沿って外筒部材を装着し、この外筒部材内に保水材入りの土壌を充填するとともに、その中央部に所要の断面積と深さとを有する筒状の空隙を形成し、
前記筒状の空隙内に、少なくとも下部外周に、多数の通孔を設けた所要の長さと断面積を有し、かつ保水材入りの植生用の土壌を充填した内筒部材を配置し、
各土壌に灌水を行い、土壌中の保水材に十分な水分を保持させたのち、内筒部材内の土壌に播種又は苗の植付けをし、植物を成育させること
を特徴とする砂地等の緑地化方法。Form a void with the required cross-sectional area and depth in the vertical direction from the ground surface,
A cylindrical gap having an outer cylinder member mounted along the inner peripheral wall of the obtained void, filled with water-retaining material in the outer cylinder member, and having a required cross-sectional area and depth at the center. Form the
In the cylindrical gap, an inner cylinder member having a required length and a cross-sectional area provided with a plurality of through holes at least on the outer periphery of the lower part and filled with soil for vegetation containing a water retention material is disposed,
Green areas such as sandy soil, which is characterized by irrigating each soil and holding water in the water retaining material in the soil, and then sowing or planting seedlings in the soil in the inner cylinder member to grow plants Method.
前記外筒部材の中央部に、所要の断面積と長さとを有する筒状体を鉛直に配置し、外筒部材内に保水材入りの土壌を充填したのち、前記筒状体を抜き去ることによって形成すること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法。The cylindrical gap is
A cylindrical body having a required cross-sectional area and length is arranged vertically in the center of the outer cylinder member, and after filling the outer cylinder member with soil containing a water retaining material, the cylindrical body is removed. The greening method for sandy land or the like according to claim 1, wherein the greening method is formed by:
前記外筒部材内に保水材入りの土壌を充填したのち、その中央部を地表面から鉛直に所要の断面積と深さで掘削して形成すること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法。The cylindrical gap is
The sandy ground according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylindrical member is formed by excavating a center portion of the outer cylinder member with a required cross-sectional area and depth vertically from the ground surface after filling the soil with a water retaining material. Greening methods such as.
前記外筒部材の周囲を含む一定区域を、前記内筒部材方向に向けて緩やかな下り勾配の傾斜面とすること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法。The ground surface is
2. The greening method for sandy land or the like according to claim 1, wherein a certain area including the periphery of the outer cylinder member is an inclined surface having a gentle downward slope toward the inner cylinder member.
木炭、ピートモスなどの炭化物、堆肥、ソルガムや落花生などの殻、海草類、牛糞等の畜糞類、雑草、ベントナイトの中から選ばれたいずれか１種又は２種以上であること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法。The water retention material is
Charcoal such as charcoal and peat moss, compost, shells such as sorghum and peanuts, seaweed, livestock manure such as cow dung, weeds, bentonite, or any one or more kinds The greening method of sand or the like as described in 1.
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法。 After the desired possess a and length cross-sectional area, and the middle of the cylindrical member of length filled with soil for vegetation water retaining material containing loosely ligated at appropriate intervals, immersed in water, at least the lower portion of the outer periphery The greening method for sandy land or the like according to claim 1, wherein a sufficient amount of moisture is impregnated into the filled water retaining material through a through hole provided in the sand.
外筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの土壌と、
この土壌の中央部に形成される空隙内に配置される所要の断面積と長さとを有し、かつ内部に充填される保水材入りの植生用の土壌が自重によって抜け落ちない構造を有し、断熱効果を有する内筒部材と、
内筒部材内に充填された保水材入りの植生用の土壌とからなること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材。A heat-insulating outer cylinder member having a required cross-sectional area and length;
Soil containing water retaining material filled in the outer cylinder member,
It has the required cross-sectional area and length arranged in the gap formed in the central part of this soil , and has a structure in which the soil for vegetation containing water retaining material filled inside does not fall off due to its own weight, An inner cylinder member having a heat insulating effect ;
The structural material used for the greening method for sandy land or the like according to claim 1, comprising vegetation soil containing a water retaining material filled in the inner cylinder member .
プラスチックシートで作られた筒状体、もしくはプラスチックの筒状成形体からなるものであること
を特徴とする請求項７に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材。The inner cylinder member is
The structural material used for the greening method for sand or the like according to claim 7 , wherein the structural material is a cylindrical body made of a plastic sheet or a plastic cylindrical molded body.
プラスチックシートで作られた筒状体、もしくはプラスチックの筒状成形体、塩化ビニルパイプ、サイザル麻、杉の表皮、カーボン紙、再生段ボールのいずれかからなるものであること
を特徴とする請求項７に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材。The outer cylinder member is
Tubular body made of plastic sheets, or cylindrical molded body of plastic, vinyl chloride pipe, sisal, cedar epidermis, carbon paper, claim, characterized in that it is made of any one of the reproduction cardboard 7 Structural material used for the greening method of sand and other land described in 1.
下部周縁に破断によって、地中に給水することができる錘を兼ねた水嚢部を設けてあること
を特徴とする請求項７に記載の緑地化方法に用いる構造材。The outer cylinder member is
The structural material used for the greening method according to claim 7 , wherein a water sac portion serving also as a weight capable of supplying water into the ground is provided at the lower peripheral edge by breaking.
土壌中で分解消滅する素材からなるものであること
を特徴とする請求項７に記載の砂地等の緑地化方法に用いる構造材。The outer cylinder member and the inner cylinder member are
The structural material used for the greening method for sand and the like according to claim 7 , wherein the structural material is made of a material that decomposes and disappears in soil.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20456598A JP3855185B2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 1998-07-21 | Greening method for sand and the like and structural material used in the method |
| CNB991098552A CN1166269C (en) | 1998-07-21 | 1999-07-20 | Method for making desert or etc. green and structural objects therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20456598A JP3855185B2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 1998-07-21 | Greening method for sand and the like and structural material used in the method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000032840A JP2000032840A (en) | 2000-02-02 |
| JP3855185B2 true JP3855185B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP20456598A Expired - Fee Related JP3855185B2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 1998-07-21 | Greening method for sand and the like and structural material used in the method |
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| CN (1) | CN1166269C (en) |
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| US6378247B1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2002-04-30 | Tokyo University Of Agriculture | Method for afforestation of sands and the like |
| JP2005261269A (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Furukawa Co Ltd | Method for planting seedling |
| JP4365815B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2009-11-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Plant, plant, seedling set, planting method for planting seedlings |
| WO2007048625A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Joe Weineck | Irrigation apparatus |
| JP4994002B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2012-08-08 | 幸市 柿原 | Tree planting structure |
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| CN102599024A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-07-25 | 王清 | Seedling culturing and planting method and device used for arid region plant |
| CN104542172A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Micro garden tree planting method |
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1998
- 1998-07-21 JP JP20456598A patent/JP3855185B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1999
- 1999-07-20 CN CNB991098552A patent/CN1166269C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000032840A (en) | 2000-02-02 |
| CN1243659A (en) | 2000-02-09 |
| CN1166269C (en) | 2004-09-15 |
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