JP3594629B2 - 架橋された球形の共重合体ビーズおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents

架橋された球形の共重合体ビーズおよびその製造方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3594629B2
JP3594629B2 JP12733293A JP12733293A JP3594629B2 JP 3594629 B2 JP3594629 B2 JP 3594629B2 JP 12733293 A JP12733293 A JP 12733293A JP 12733293 A JP12733293 A JP 12733293A JP 3594629 B2 JP3594629 B2 JP 3594629B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
copolymer
beads
monomer
protein
bead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP12733293A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0649139A (ja
Inventor
ウェイン ステフィアー ラリー
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rohm and Haas Co
Original Assignee
Rohm and Haas Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rohm and Haas Co filed Critical Rohm and Haas Co
Publication of JPH0649139A publication Critical patent/JPH0649139A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3594629B2 publication Critical patent/JP3594629B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
    • C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/38—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving specific interaction not covered by one or more of groups B01D15/265 and B01D15/30 - B01D15/36, e.g. affinity, ligand exchange or chiral chromatography
    • B01D15/3804—Affinity chromatography
    • B01D15/3809—Affinity chromatography of the antigen-antibody type, e.g. protein A, G or L chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
    • B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
    • B01J39/16—Organic material
    • B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J39/20—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J43/00—Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groups; Use of material as amphoteric ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
    • C08F20/08—Anhydrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/08—Anhydrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/10—Esters
    • C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
    • C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
    • C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)
  • Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
JP12733293A 1992-05-29 1993-05-28 架橋された球形の共重合体ビーズおよびその製造方法 Expired - Fee Related JP3594629B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89138192A 1992-05-29 1992-05-29
US891381 1992-05-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0649139A JPH0649139A (ja) 1994-02-22
JP3594629B2 true JP3594629B2 (ja) 2004-12-02

Family

ID=25398095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12733293A Expired - Fee Related JP3594629B2 (ja) 1992-05-29 1993-05-28 架橋された球形の共重合体ビーズおよびその製造方法

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (2) US5639861A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0572115B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP3594629B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR100286528B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN1042434C (enExample)
AT (1) ATE163657T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU3710093A (enExample)
BR (1) BR9302022A (enExample)
CA (1) CA2096492A1 (enExample)
CZ (1) CZ102393A3 (enExample)
DE (1) DE69317154T2 (enExample)
HU (1) HU213523B (enExample)
MX (1) MX9302873A (enExample)
NO (1) NO931883L (enExample)
NZ (1) NZ247458A (enExample)
SK (1) SK52493A3 (enExample)
TW (1) TW222283B (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA933060B (enExample)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5830967A (en) * 1994-10-24 1998-11-03 Amcol International Corporation Process for producing an oil and water adsorbent polymer capable of entrapping solid particles and liquids and the product thereof
US6107429A (en) * 1994-10-24 2000-08-22 Amcol International Corporation Process for producing an oil and water adsorbent polymer capable of entrapping solid particles and liquids and the product thereof
US5837790A (en) 1994-10-24 1998-11-17 Amcol International Corporation Precipitation polymerization process for producing an oil adsorbent polymer capable of entrapping solid particles and liquids and the product thereof
US5712358A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-01-27 Amcol International Corporation Process for producing an oil sorbent copolymer and the product thereof
IT1282651B1 (it) * 1996-02-19 1998-03-31 Atohaas Holding Cv Processo per la preparazione di perle di polimeri a base acrilica
US6228340B1 (en) 1997-08-25 2001-05-08 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for the production of macroporous ceramics
US6274687B1 (en) * 1997-09-04 2001-08-14 Daiso Co., Ltd. Powder of agglomerated fine particles of crosslinked allyl copolymer
FR2781232B1 (fr) * 1998-07-15 2000-09-08 Centre Nat Rech Scient Polymere reactif utilisable pour la separation et l'adsorption de substances organiques, et materiau le contenant
DE19907023A1 (de) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Isolierung von Nucleinsäuren
GB9918437D0 (en) * 1999-08-05 1999-10-06 Anglo American Platinum Corp Separation of platinium group metals
DE50205698D1 (de) 2002-10-22 2006-04-13 Metrohm Ag Herisau Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösen Polymerteilchen auf Acrylat- und/oder Methacrylatbasis
US6752853B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-06-22 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Article and method for elimination of hydrocarbon emissions from printer exhaust
CN1689695B (zh) * 2004-04-30 2010-06-23 北京九强生物技术有限公司 层析颗粒介质的制备方法
US8377091B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2013-02-19 Microvention, Inc. Embolization device constructed from expansile polymer
BRPI1014645B1 (pt) * 2009-04-30 2020-07-07 Technip France método e sistema para compartilhar linhas de amarração
US10639396B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2020-05-05 Microvention, Inc. Polymers
KR101898466B1 (ko) 2011-11-11 2018-09-13 롬 앤드 하스 캄파니 폴리메타크릴산 무수물 텔로머
US9365657B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2016-06-14 Rohm And Haas Company Small particle size telomers of methacrylic acid or anhydride
EP2778183B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-04-29 Rohm and Haas Company Polymethacrylic acid anhydride telomers
JP6599361B2 (ja) 2014-04-29 2019-10-30 マイクロベンション インコーポレイテッド 活性剤を含むポリマー
TW201625754A (zh) * 2014-11-21 2016-07-16 艾倫塔斯有限公司 單一成份、儲存穩定、可硬化之聚矽氧組成物
CA3042432A1 (en) 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 Lilac Solutions, Inc. Lithium extraction with coated ion exchange particles
EP3661619A4 (en) 2017-08-02 2021-05-05 Lilac Solutions, Inc. LITHIUM EXTRACTION WITH POROUS ION EXCHANGE BEADS
US10439200B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2019-10-08 Lilac Solutions, Inc. Ion exchange system for lithium extraction
MA52428A (fr) 2018-02-28 2021-06-02 Lilac Solutions Inc Réacteur d'échange d'ions à piège à particules pour extraction de lithium
JP7362145B2 (ja) * 2018-08-14 2023-10-17 1441413・アルバータ・インコーポレイテッド・ディービーエー・イーピーティー イオン交換樹脂媒体、潤滑剤を洗浄する方法及び処理された潤滑剤の製造方法
WO2021142147A1 (en) 2020-01-09 2021-07-15 Lilac Solutions, Inc. Process for separating undesirable metals
EP4162087A4 (en) 2020-06-09 2024-11-06 Lilac Solutions, Inc. LITHIUM EXTRACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF SCALANTIA
CA3199218A1 (en) 2020-11-20 2022-05-27 David Henry SNYDACKER Lithium production with volatile acid
JP7646352B2 (ja) * 2020-12-25 2025-03-17 株式会社カネカ ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)系発泡粒子およびポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)系発泡成形体
JP7516243B2 (ja) * 2020-12-25 2024-07-16 株式会社カネカ ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)系発泡粒子およびポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)系発泡成形体
KR20240014047A (ko) 2021-04-23 2024-01-31 리락 솔루션즈, 인크. 리튬 추출을 위한 이온 교환 장치
WO2023192195A1 (en) 2022-03-28 2023-10-05 Lilac Solutions, Inc. Devices for efficient sorbent utilization in lithium extraction
EP4504988A4 (en) 2022-04-01 2026-04-29 Lilac Solutions Inc LITHIUM EXTRACTION WITH CHEMICAL ADDITIVES

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2324935A (en) * 1938-05-20 1943-07-20 Rohm & Haas Process for polymerizing derivatives of methacrylic acid
US2308581A (en) * 1939-05-05 1943-01-19 Du Pont Copolymerized substances containing methacrylic anhydride
GB781400A (en) * 1954-09-13 1957-08-21 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Improvements in or relating to ion-exchange resins
NL213286A (enExample) * 1955-12-27
SE328716B (enExample) * 1961-12-15 1970-09-21 Rio Rad Lab
FR1603393A (enExample) * 1967-12-27 1971-04-13
US4221871A (en) * 1970-12-16 1980-09-09 Rohm And Haas Company Reticular crosslinked monovinylidene N-heterocyclic copolymer
DE2215687C3 (de) * 1972-03-30 1980-12-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Neue wasserunlösliche Proteinpräparate
US4070348A (en) * 1973-07-25 1978-01-24 Rohm Gmbh Water-swellable, bead copolymer
US4229547A (en) * 1979-03-19 1980-10-21 The B. F. Goodrich Company Method of preparing spherical porous bead-type polymers
JPS59225064A (ja) * 1983-06-03 1984-12-18 ユニチカ株式会社 生理活性物質固定化用担体
PT80975B (pt) * 1984-08-17 1987-11-11 Shinetsu Chemical Co Processo para a preparacao de um polimero de vinilo

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0572115B1 (en) 1998-03-04
TW222283B (enExample) 1994-04-11
US5539071A (en) 1996-07-23
EP0572115A3 (enExample) 1994-03-16
JPH0649139A (ja) 1994-02-22
CA2096492A1 (en) 1993-11-30
CN1079229A (zh) 1993-12-08
KR930023390A (ko) 1993-12-18
KR100286528B1 (ko) 2001-04-16
SK52493A3 (en) 1993-12-08
HU9301586D0 (en) 1993-09-28
NO931883D0 (no) 1993-05-25
MX9302873A (es) 1993-11-01
CZ102393A3 (en) 1993-12-15
NO931883L (no) 1993-11-30
ATE163657T1 (de) 1998-03-15
CN1042434C (zh) 1999-03-10
DE69317154D1 (de) 1998-04-09
NZ247458A (en) 1994-09-27
EP0572115A2 (en) 1993-12-01
HU213523B (en) 1997-07-28
ZA933060B (en) 1993-11-29
AU3710093A (en) 1993-12-02
HUT66373A (en) 1994-11-28
DE69317154T2 (de) 1998-11-12
US5639861A (en) 1997-06-17
BR9302022A (pt) 1993-12-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5539071A (en) Crosslinked methacrylic anhydride copolymers
IL32917A (en) Macroreticular resins
US5583162A (en) Polymeric microbeads and method of preparation
JP5475284B2 (ja) 親水性架橋ポリマー
JP2875824B2 (ja) 多孔性硬質樹脂およびその製造方法
EP0626976B1 (en) Preparation of surface-functional polymer particles
JP5566152B2 (ja) 単分散ポリマー粒子の製造法
JPH07500849A (ja) 均一なマクロ細孔性ポリマービードの製造方法
JP2008540761A (ja) マクロ多孔性ハイドロゲル、その調製法及びその使用
JP2005510609A (ja) 多孔性支持体の後修飾
US5652292A (en) Suspension polymerized aqueous absorbent polymer particles
JPH07179504A (ja) 微粒子ポリマーおよびその製造方法
EP1242490A1 (en) Single stage seed polymerisation for the production of large polymer particles with a narrow size distribution
JPS6361618B2 (enExample)
EP0506247A2 (en) Method of preparing surface-porous crosslinked copolymer beads
JPH01249808A (ja) 耐塩性吸水性樹脂微粒子の製造方法
JPS61195103A (ja) 僅かに網状化した、水中で急速に膨張する、粒状の固体ポリマー又はコポリマー、その製法及び衛生品
Sherrington Preparation, modification and characterisation of polymer‐supported species
KR100302953B1 (ko) 교차 결합된 메타크릴산 무수물 공중합체들을 이용한단백질 흡착방법
EP0990667B1 (en) Porous copolymer particles, process for preparing the same and use of the same
US7294654B2 (en) Method of making thermally regenerable salt sorbent resins
JP2890481B2 (ja) 親水性架橋共重合体粒子の製造方法
US5447983A (en) Method for producing a large size crosslinked polymer bead
JPH0243948A (ja) 吸着剤
JPH05239110A (ja) 大粒径ビーズ状架橋ポリマーの製造法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20040115

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20040413

A602 Written permission of extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602

Effective date: 20040419

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20040709

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20040830

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20040901

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080910

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090910

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100910

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100910

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110910

Year of fee payment: 7

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees