JP2945136B2 - チタンまたはチタンと化学的に類似な元素を少なくとも１つ含む金属製品の酸洗浴を用いた酸洗方法 - Google Patents
チタンまたはチタンと化学的に類似な元素を少なくとも１つ含む金属製品の酸洗浴を用いた酸洗方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2945136B2 JP2945136B2 JP2511471A JP51147190A JP2945136B2 JP 2945136 B2 JP2945136 B2 JP 2945136B2 JP 2511471 A JP2511471 A JP 2511471A JP 51147190 A JP51147190 A JP 51147190A JP 2945136 B2 JP2945136 B2 JP 2945136B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- pickling
- acid
- chemically similar
- oxidizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 peracid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008373 pickled product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical group O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZYFJWVGRGEWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;hydrogen peroxide;trioxido(oxo)vanadium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OO.OO.OO.[O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O PZYFJWVGRGEWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWZOPYPOZJBVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium glycinate Chemical compound O[Al+]O.NCC([O-])=O BWZOPYPOZJBVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound OOB=O PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous amide Chemical compound ON=N XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004968 peroxymonosulfuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102200110702 rs60261494 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ti](F)F NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/106—Other heavy metals refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8910093A FR2650303B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | Procede de decapage en bain acide de produits metalliques contenant du titane ou au moins un element chimique de la famille du titane |
| FR89/10093 | 1989-07-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04501139A JPH04501139A (ja) | 1992-02-27 |
| JP2945136B2 true JP2945136B2 (ja) | 1999-09-06 |
Family
ID=9384174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2511471A Expired - Fee Related JP2945136B2 (ja) | 1989-07-26 | 1990-07-25 | チタンまたはチタンと化学的に類似な元素を少なくとも１つ含む金属製品の酸洗浴を用いた酸洗方法 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0415807B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2945136B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100191864B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE113080T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU634277B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2037893C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69013447T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2064686T3 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI93371C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2650303B1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2168560C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1991002109A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1255855B (it) * | 1992-10-12 | 1995-11-17 | Cesare Pedrazzini | Processo di decapaggio e di passivazione per lamiere di titanio in nastro, senza impiego di acido nitrico. |
| JP3751324B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-10 | 2006-03-01 | 忠弘 大見 | 基体の表面洗浄方法及び表面洗浄剤 |
| IT1288407B1 (it) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-09-22 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Metodo per il decapaggio di prodotti in lega metallica contenente ferro e di titanio e sue leghe |
| IT1290947B1 (it) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-12-14 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Metodo e dispositivo per il decapaggio di prodotti in lega metallica in assenza di acido nitrico e per il recupero di soluzioni esauste |
| RU2151822C1 (ru) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-06-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Уральский завод гражданской авиации" | Раствор для очистки от высокотемпературных отложений деталей из сплавов титана |
| US7611588B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2009-11-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for removing metal oxides |
| RU2496819C1 (ru) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-10-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Травитель для титана |
| KR101669718B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-10-27 | 김동회 | 입체 전란각을 갖는 부화기 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB360126A (en) * | 1929-10-19 | 1931-11-05 | Hirsch Kupfer & Messingwerke | Method of pickling oxidised metals |
| US3258429A (en) * | 1963-09-19 | 1966-06-28 | Ronald D Weed | Decontamination solution and method |
| JPS526853B2 (de) * | 1972-12-22 | 1977-02-25 | ||
| DE2358683A1 (de) * | 1973-11-24 | 1975-06-05 | Kalman Von Dipl Phys Soos | Verfahren zum beizen und aetzen von metallen |
| JPS549120A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-23 | Tokai Electro Chemical Co | Method of controlling acid cleaning liquid for stainless steel |
| SU992179A1 (ru) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-01-30 | Фрунзенский политехнический институт | Машина ударного действи |
| FR2587369B1 (fr) * | 1985-09-19 | 1993-01-29 | Ugine Gueugnon Sa | Procede de decapage acide de produits en acier inoxydable |
| JPS6277489A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-09 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 金属材料の酸洗法 |
| JPS62109998A (ja) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 弁金属の陽極酸化前処理方法 |
| EP0259533A1 (de) * | 1986-09-11 | 1988-03-16 | Eka Nobel Aktiebolag | Verfahren zur Verminderung der Stickstoffoxidemission aus Salpetersäure enthaltenden Lösungen |
-
1989
- 1989-07-26 FR FR8910093A patent/FR2650303B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 JP JP2511471A patent/JP2945136B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 ES ES90402144T patent/ES2064686T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-25 AT AT90402144T patent/ATE113080T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-25 KR KR1019910700229A patent/KR100191864B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 WO PCT/FR1990/000564 patent/WO1991002109A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-25 DE DE69013447T patent/DE69013447T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 EP EP90402144A patent/EP0415807B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-25 AU AU61684/90A patent/AU634277B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-25 CA CA002037893A patent/CA2037893C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 RU SU4895068/12A patent/RU2168560C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-03-22 FI FI911398A patent/FI93371C/fi active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04501139A (ja) | 1992-02-27 |
| FI911398A0 (fi) | 1991-03-22 |
| CA2037893A1 (en) | 1991-01-27 |
| FI93371B (fi) | 1994-12-15 |
| ES2064686T3 (es) | 1995-02-01 |
| KR100191864B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
| FR2650303B1 (fr) | 1993-12-10 |
| EP0415807B1 (de) | 1994-10-19 |
| FR2650303A1 (fr) | 1991-02-01 |
| AU634277B2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
| WO1991002109A1 (fr) | 1991-02-21 |
| ATE113080T1 (de) | 1994-11-15 |
| FI93371C (fi) | 1995-03-27 |
| DE69013447D1 (de) | 1994-11-24 |
| AU6168490A (en) | 1991-03-11 |
| CA2037893C (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| DE69013447T2 (de) | 1995-02-23 |
| KR920701524A (ko) | 1992-08-11 |
| EP0415807A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
| EP0415807A2 (de) | 1991-03-06 |
| RU2168560C2 (ru) | 2001-06-10 |
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