JP2023530325A - 正極材回収方法 - Google Patents
正極材回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 35
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 34
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 LMFP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014616 LiMnFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009996 mechanical pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、正極から正極材粒子を取得するステップ(S1)、前記正極材粒子をナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダーと混合した後、熱処理するステップ(S2)及び熱処理された正極材粒子を水洗するステップ(S3)を含む正極材回収方法を提供する。
本発明のリチウム回収方法は、正極、例えば、廃処理されたリチウム二次電池の正極から正極材粒子を取得するステップ(S1)を含む。リチウム二次電池において、正極はリチウムイオンのソースとしての役割を果たし、リチウム酸化物系列の化合物である正極活物質がバインダーとして集電体に接着されて正極を構成する。本発明の目的は、正極材を原型そのままで回収しようとすることであるため、本発明では、正極から正極材粒子を取得した後、これを正極材回収処理の対象とする。
先のステップで正極から物理的に分離された正極材粒子を熱処理するステップがその後に行われる。具体的に、本ステップでは、前のステップで取得された正極材粒子をナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダーと混合した後、熱処理する。
前のステップで熱処理が完了した正極材粒子は、水洗されて回収されることができる。前のステップで正極材粒子の表面にフッ化ナトリウムが形成され、表面のフッ化ナトリウムは、水に対してある程度以上の溶解度を示すため、水洗で簡単に除去されることができる。
廃処理されたリチウム二次電池から正極を分離した後、破粉砕及び分級して粉末状の正極材粒子(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)を取得した。取得した正極材粒子40gを50%濃度のNaOH水溶液4g及び蒸留水14gと混合した後、熱処理した。熱処理は、分当たり5℃ずつ温度を昇温させながら温度が350℃に達した時点から0.5時間保持した後、再び同じ速度で450℃まで昇温させ、0.5時間保持して行った。熱処理雰囲気は窒素雰囲気であり、窒素気体を分当たり200ccずつ注入した。熱処理完了した正極材粒子を自然冷却した後、水洗して回収された正極材粒子を取得した。
実施例1において、NaOH水溶液を8g使用したことを除いては、同様に実施して回収された正極材粒子を取得した。
実施例1において、ナトリウムイオンを含む溶液としてNa2CO32.65gを蒸留水15.5gに混合した溶液を使用したことを除いては、同様に実施して回収された正極材粒子を取得した。
廃処理されたリチウム二次電池から正極を分離した後、破粉砕及び分級して粉末状の正極材粒子(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)を取得した。取得した正極材粒子40gを50%濃度のNaOH水溶液4g及び蒸留水14gと混合した後、熱処理した。熱処理は、分当たり5℃ずつ温度を昇温させながら、温度が350℃に達した時点から0.5時間保持した後、再び同じ速度で450℃まで昇温させ、0.5時間保持して行った。熱処理雰囲気は酸素過剰雰囲気であり、酸素気体を分当たり3L/minずつ注入した。熱処理完了した正極材粒子を自然冷却した後、水洗して回収された正極材粒子を取得した。
実施例1において、正極材粒子をナトリウムイオンを含む溶液と混合せずに熱処理したことを除いては、同様に実施して回収された正極材粒子を取得した。
前記実施例1で熱処理される前の正極材粒子をイオンクロマトグラフィ(IC)分析して、熱処理前の正極材粒子内のフッ素含量を確認し、熱処理前の正極材粒子内のフッ素含量は1.51%で、40gの正極材粒子を基準に604mgであった。前記値を基準にして、水洗過程で実施例及び比較例で熱処理された後の正極材粒子から浸出したフッ素の量及びフッ素浸出率を確認した。具体的に、熱処理後に得られた正極材粒子の全量に蒸留水を150g投入し、10分間ハンドシェーキングし、0.2μmのシリンジフィルタを用いて濾過した後、濾過液内のフッ素含量をイオンクロマトグラフィで確認した。前記結果を下記表1に示し、表1において、フッ素浸出率は40gの正極材粒子に含まれる604mgのフッ素のうち蒸留水150gに浸出したフッ素の量を百分率で表したものである。
先の実施例1~4及び比較例の正極材粒子の一般的な熱処理前後の組成と特性を確認した。熱処理は正極材粒子5gを取り、550℃の周囲(ambient)雰囲気で3時間行った。
Claims (13)
- 正極から正極材粒子を取得するステップ(S1)と、
前記正極材粒子をナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダーと混合した後、熱処理するステップ(S2)と、
熱処理された正極材粒子を水洗するステップ(S3)と、を含む、正極材回収方法。 - 前記正極材粒子を取得するステップ(S1)は、
リチウム二次電池の正極を破粉砕するステップ(S1-1)と、
破粉砕された粒子を分級して集電体粒子と正極材粒子とを分離するステップ(S1-2)と、を含む、請求項1に記載の正極材回収方法。 - 前記正極材粒子を取得するステップ(S1)は、化学的溶媒処理方法又は熱処理方法により行われるものである、請求項1又は2に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記ナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダーはアルカリ性を有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記ナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダーは、NaOH、Na2CO3及びNaHCO3からなる群から選択される1以上を使用して製造されたものである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記ナトリウムイオンを含む溶液又はパウダー内のナトリウムの量は、Fモル数に対して150%~200%である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記ナトリウムイオンを含む溶液は、0.1~10Mのナトリウム濃度を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記熱処理は、無酸素雰囲気下で行われる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記無酸素雰囲気は、酸素濃度が3体積%以下の雰囲気である、請求項8に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記無酸素雰囲気は、窒素、二酸化炭素及び不活性気体のうち選択される1以上の気体を含んで組成されるものである、請求項8又は9に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記熱処理は、酸素過剰雰囲気下で行われる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記酸素過剰雰囲気は、酸素濃度が20体積%以上の雰囲気である、請求項11に記載の正極材回収方法。
- 前記熱処理は、250~800℃で行われる、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の正極材回収方法。
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