JP2023516181A - リチウム二次電池用分離膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用分離膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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Abstract
Description
多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材と、
前記多孔性高分子基材の少なくとも一面上に形成されており、多数の無機物粒子及び前記無機物粒子の表面の一部または全部に位置して前記無機物粒子同士の間を連結及び固定させる接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層と、を備え、
前記無機物粒子は、10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、及び600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子を含み、このとき、前記小粒径無機物粒子の含量は、前記無機物粒子の総含量を基準にして30重量部以上であり、
前記接着性高分子粒子は、200nm以下のD50直径を有するものであり、
前記多孔性コーティング層の気孔度は、40~50%であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用分離膜に関する。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。
(S1)10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子、及び200nm以下のD50直径を有する接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを用意する段階と、
(S2)多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材上に多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを塗布及び乾燥して多孔性コーティング層を形成する段階と、を含み、
このとき、前記多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリー内の固形分の含量は25~35%である。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。
多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材と、
前記多孔性高分子基材の少なくとも一面上に形成されており、多数の無機物粒子及び前記無機物粒子の表面の一部または全部に位置して前記無機物粒子同士の間を連結及び固定させる接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層と、を備え、
前記無機物粒子は、10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、及び600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子を含み、このとき、前記小粒径無機物粒子の含量は、前記無機物粒子の総含量を基準にして30重量部以上であり、
前記接着性高分子粒子は、200nm以下のD50直径を有するものであり、
前記多孔性コーティング層の気孔度は、40~50%であることを特徴とする。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。
(S1)10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子、及び200nm以下のD50直径を有する接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを用意する段階と、
(S2)多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材上に多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを塗布及び乾燥して多孔性コーティング層を形成する段階と、を含み、
このとき、前記多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリー内の固形分の含量は25~35%であることを特徴とする。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。
常温で接着性高分子粒子(アクリル系バインダー(メチルメタクリレート-エチルアクリレート共重合体)、D50:150nm)、小粒径無機物粒子(AlOOH、D50:70nm)、大粒径無機物粒子(Al2O3、D50:800nm)を溶媒である水に均一に分散させて多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを用意した。このとき、小粒径無機物粒子と大粒径無機物粒子との重量比は35:65であり、無機物粒子の総含量と接着性高分子粒子との重量比は90:10であった。このとき、多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーの全体含量を基準にして固形分の含量は30%であった。固形分の含量とは、スラリーの全体含量を基準にして、スラリー内の溶媒を乾燥させた後測定した乾燥物の含量を百分率で示したものである。
多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーに投入される粒子の種類及び含量を表1のように制御したことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーに投入される粒子の種類及び含量を表1のように制御したことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
小粒径無機物粒子の大きさを40nmに変更し、表2のように制御したことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーに投入される粒子の種類及び含量を表2のように制御したことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
接着性高分子粒子の直径を400nmに変更し、表3のように制御したことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
1)厚さの測定
分離膜の厚さは、厚さ測定器(ミツトヨ社製、VL-50S-B)を用いて測定した。
実施例及び比較例で製造された分離膜を電解液に含浸させたときの抵抗値であって、1M LiPF6-エチレンカーボネート/エチルメチルカーボネート(重量比3:7)電解液を用いて25℃で交流法で測定した。
前記熱収縮率は、MD方向及びTD方向に対して下記の数式で計算した。
熱収縮率=(最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(最初長さ)×100
実施例及び比較例で製造された分離膜を15mm×100mmの大きさに裁断した。ガラス板上に両面接着テープを貼り付け、用意した分離膜の多孔性コーティング層の表面が接着テープと接着されるように付着した。その後、接着された分離膜の末端部をUTM装置(LLOYD Instrument社製のLFPlus)に取り付けた後、測定速度300mm/分、180℃で力を加え、多孔性コーティング層と多孔性高分子基材との剥離に必要な力を測定した。
それぞれの実施例及び比較例で収得した分離膜を1.7671cm2の大きさに切断し、その重さと体積を測定した後(見掛け密度(apparent density)測定)、これを設計寸法(真密度(truedensity))と比較して気孔度を計算した。すなわち、収得された分離膜に含まれた材料の組成比及び成分の密度からそれぞれの分離膜の真密度を計算し、見掛け密度と真密度との差から気孔度を計算した。
D50直径は、レーザー回折粒度測定装置(Microtrac S3500)に導入し、粒子がレーザービームを通過するとき、粒子の大きさに応じた回折パターンの差を測定して粒度分布を算出した。測定装置における粒径に応じた粒子個数累積分布の50%になる地点での粒子直径を算出することで、D50直径を測定した。
2:接着性高分子粒子
3:小粒径無機物粒子
4:多孔性高分子基材
Claims (14)
- 多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材と、
前記多孔性高分子基材の少なくとも一面上に形成されており、多数の無機物粒子及び前記無機物粒子の表面の一部または全部に位置して前記無機物粒子同士の間を連結及び固定させる接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層と、を備え、
前記無機物粒子は、10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、及び600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子を含み、前記小粒径無機物粒子の含量は、前記無機物粒子の総含量を基準にして30重量部以上であり、
前記接着性高分子粒子は、200nm以下のD50直径を有するものであり、
前記多孔性コーティング層の気孔度は、40~50%である、リチウム二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記多孔性高分子基材と前記多孔性コーティング層との間の接着力が50gf/15mm以上であり、
下記の数式1を満たす、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
数式1において、MDは前記分離膜のMD方向の熱収縮率、TDは前記分離膜のTD方向の熱収縮率をそれぞれ意味し、
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。 - 前記小粒径無機物粒子の含量が、前記無機物粒子の総含量100重量部を基準にして30~50重量部である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記接着性高分子粒子が、スチレンブタジエンゴム、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエンゴム、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレンゴム、ブチルアクリレート-エチルヘキシルアクリレート共重合体、メチルメタクリレート-エチルヘキシルアクリレート共重合体、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリビニルアルコール、スチレン及びポリシアノアクリレートからなる群より選択されたいずれか一つまたはこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記小粒径無機物粒子及び大粒径無機物粒子が、それぞれ独立して、BaTiO3、Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3(PZT、0<x<1)、Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT、0<x<1、0<y<1)、(1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PMNPT、0<x<1)、ハフニア(HfO2)、SrTiO3、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnO、ZrO2、Al2O3、AlO(OH)、TiO2及びSiCからなる群より選択されたいずれか一つまたはこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記小粒径無機物粒子と前記大粒径無機物粒子とは、同一であるかまたは相異なる物質である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記無機物粒子の総含量と接着性高分子粒子との重量比が50:50~99:1である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記多孔性コーティング層の厚さが1μm~10μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 正極、負極、及び前記正極と負極との間に介在された分離膜を含み、
前記分離膜が請求項1から8のうちいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜である、リチウム二次電池。 - 多孔性高分子基材及び前記多孔性高分子基材の少なくとも一面上に多孔性コーティング層が形成されたリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法であって、
(S1)10nm~100nmのD50直径を有する小粒径無機物粒子、600nm以上のD50直径を有する大粒径無機物粒子、及び200nm以下のD50直径を有する接着性高分子粒子を含む多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを用意する段階と、
(S2)多数の気孔を有する多孔性高分子基材上に多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリーを塗布及び乾燥して多孔性コーティング層を形成する段階と、を含み、
前記多孔性コーティング層形成用スラリー内の固形分の含量が25~35%である、リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。 - 前記多孔性コーティング層の気孔度が40~50%である、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
- 前記小粒径無機物粒子の含量が、前記無機物粒子の総含量を基準にして30~50重量部である、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
- 前記無機物粒子の総含量と接着性高分子粒子との重量比が50:50~99:1である、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性高分子基材と前記多孔性コーティング層との間の接着力が50gf/15mm以上であり、
下記の数式1を満たす、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
[数式1]
(MD+TD)/2≦10%
数式1において、MDは前記分離膜のMD方向の熱収縮率、TDは前記分離膜のTD方向の熱収縮率をそれぞれ意味し、
前記熱収縮率は、(分離膜の最初長さ-150℃/30分間の熱収縮処理後の長さ)/(分離膜の最初長さ)×100で計算する。
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