JP2023515759A - 葉酸受容体に標的化されたナノ粒子薬物コンジュゲートおよびその使用 - Google Patents
葉酸受容体に標的化されたナノ粒子薬物コンジュゲートおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照によりその内容がそれぞれ全体として本明細書に組み込まれる2020年10月27日に出願された米国仮出願第63/105,995号、2020年11月20日に出願された米国仮出願第63/116,393号、2020年11月23日に出願された米国仮出願第63/117,110号、2021年3月1日に出願された米国仮出願第63/155,043号、2021年7月15日に出願された米国仮出願第63/222,181号、2021年9月9日に出願された米国仮出願第63/242,201号、および2021年10月12日に出願された米国仮出願第63/254,837号の利益を主張する。
がん細胞への治療薬(例えば、細胞毒性薬)の標的化された送達は、がん処置に関する新たなアプローチである。対象の健康な組織または臓器に対する送達された治療薬の毒性は、標的化された疾患領域への薬物の選択的送達によって大きく低減させることができ、改善された治療成績をもたらす。抗体薬物コンジュゲート(ADC)は、標的化された薬物送達に関する一般的なプラットフォームであり、典型的には、がんを標的にすることができるモノクローナル抗体に共有結合した毒性の高い薬物物質を特徴とし、この毒性薬物物質は、がんの標的化の際に放出されるものである。しかしながら、生成の難しさ、薬物負荷容量の制限、不十分な腫瘍浸透、および腫瘍不均質性を克服する能力の欠如も含め、ADCなどの従来の標的化された薬物送達プラットフォームに関する多くの難題が残されている。
[0006]
多くのFRに標的化された薬物送達プラットフォームが、例えばADCおよび小分子薬物コンジュゲートの両方を使用してこれまでがん処置のために開発され試験されてきたが、それらの中には、それらの限られた治療成績に起因して、臨床使用のために首尾良く認められたものはない(EP 0624377 A2、US 9192682 B2、Leamon, et al., “Comparative preclinical activity of the folate-targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugates EC140 and EC145, Int. J. Cancer (2007) 121:1585-1592; Leamon et al., “Folate-Vinca Alkaloid Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: A Structure-Activity Relationships, Bioconjugate Chemistry (2014) 25:560-568; Scaranti, M., et al. Exploiting the folate receptor α in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. (2020) 17: 349-359)。
[0007]
したがって、FRに標的化された薬物送達プラットフォームの首尾良くなされる開発が、依然として非常に望まれている。
本開示は:(a)シリカナノ粒子、およびこのナノ粒子の表面に共有結合されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG);(b)葉酸またはその誘導体もしくは塩を含み、直接またはスペーサー基を介して間接的にナノ粒子に付着された、標的化リガンド;および(c)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートを含み:(i)ペイロードがエキサテカンであり;(ii)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、直接またはスペーサー基を介して間接的にナノ粒子に付着され;(iii)リンカーが、プロテアーゼ-切断可能リンカーであり;および(iv)エキサテカンが、リンカーの切断の際に放出される、ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)を提供する。
本明細書には、がんなどの疾患の検出、予防、モニタリング、および/または処置のための、標的化リガンドとのおよび細胞毒性ペイロードとのコンジュゲーションを可能にする、ナノ粒子(例えば、多様式(multi-modal)シリカ系ナノ粒子などのシリカナノ粒子)を含むナノ粒子薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)について記述される。
本開示は、シリカナノ粒子など、ナノ粒子を含むNDCに関する。ナノ粒子は、シリカ系コアおよびコアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルを含んでいてもよい。あるいは、ナノ粒子はコアのみ有しシェルがなくてもよい。ナノ粒子のコアは、反応性蛍光化合物および共反応性有機シラン化合物の反応生成物を含有していてもよい。例えば、ナノ粒子のコアは、反応性蛍光化合物と共反応性有機シラン化合物の反応生成物、およびシリカを含有していてもよい。本開示の好ましい態様では、ナノ粒子は、コア-シェル粒子である。
式中、xは0から20の整数、例えば4であり;ケイ素原子はナノ粒子の一部であり;トリアゾール部分に隣接する
本開示のNDCは、直接またはスペーサー基を通して間接的にナノ粒子に付着された標的化リガンドを含んでいてもよい。標的化リガンドを持つNDCは、増大した透過性ならびにNDCの標的化能力に起因して、腫瘍細胞でのペイロード/薬物の内部移行を高めることができ、および/または腫瘍細胞内への薬物を送達することができる。標的化リガンドによれば、ナノ粒子は、リガンドと細胞成分との間の特異的結合を経て特定の細胞型を標的とすることが可能になる。標的化リガンドは、例えば細胞内環境をアッセイするために、細胞または障壁輸送へのナノ粒子の進入も容易にし得る。
本開示のNDCは、直接またはスペーサー基を介して間接的にナノ粒子に付着されるリンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートを含むこともできる。好ましい態様では、リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートは、スペーサー基を経てナノ粒子に付着される。ペイロードは、エキサテカン、またはその塩もしくは類似体であってもよい。
本明細書に開示されるNDCは、式(NP-2)の分子および式(NP-3)の分子の両方を含んでいてもよく、例えば各NDCは、式(NP-2)の約1から約20個の分子と、式(NP-3)の約1から約30個の分子とを含んでいてもよい。例えば、各NDCは、式(NP-2)の約10から約15個の分子と式(NP-3)の約15から約25個の分子とを含んでいてもよい。本明細書に開示されるNDCは、式(NP-2)の平均13個の分子と式(NP-3)の平均21個の分子;式(NP-2)の平均12個の分子と式(NP-3)の平均25個の分子;式(NP-2)の平均12個の分子と式(NP-3)の平均20個の分子を含んでいてもよい。
但し、Yが
式中:Aは、Val-Cit、Phe-Lys、Trp-Lys、Asp-Lys、Val-Lys、Val-Arg、およびVal-Alaからなる群より選択されるジペプチドであり、またはAは、Val-Phe-Gly-Sar、Val-Cit-Gly-Sar、Val-Lys-Gly-Sar、Val-Ala-Gly-Sar、Val-Phe-Gly-Pro、Val-Cit-Gly-Pro、Val-Lys-Gly-Pro、Val-Ala-Gly-Pro、Val-Cit-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸、Val-Lys-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸、Val-Phe-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸、Val-Ala-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸、Phe-Lys-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸、およびTrp-Lys-Gly-任意の天然または非天然N-アルキル置換アルファアミノ酸からなる群より選択されるテトラペプチドであり;R1およびR2は出現するごとに独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換C1~6アルキル、または置換もしくは非置換C1~6アルコキシ、またはヒドロキシであり;R3およびR4は、出現するごとに独立して、水素、ハロ、置換もしくは非置換C1~6アルキル、または置換もしくは非置換C1~6アルコキシであり;R5は、水素、置換または非置換C1~6アルキル;置換または非置換C3~7シクロアルキル、置換または非置換アリール、置換または非置換ヘテロアリール、および置換または非置換C5~6ヘテロシクロアルキルからなる群より選択され;但し、Aがジペプチドである場合、R5はHであり;R1’、R2’、R3’、R4’、およびR5’は出現するごとに独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換C1~6アルキル、または置換もしくは非置換C1~6シクロアルキルであり;Xは、不在、-O-、-CO-、または-NRa-であり;Yは、不在、
本開示はさらに、疾患(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍に関連したがんなどの、がん)を処置するための医薬組成物であって、本明細書に記述されるNDCの有効量を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
本開示のNDCは、対象に投与することができる。対象は、哺乳動物とすることができ、好ましくはヒトである。哺乳動物には、限定するものではないがネズミ、ラット、ウサギ、サル、ウシ、ヒツジ、ブタ、イヌ、ネコ、家畜、競技用動物、ペット、ウマ、および霊長類が含まれる。
本開示で使用される略称は、他に指示されない限り、下記の通りである:
Fmoc: フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル
MeOH: メタノール
Cit-OH: L-シトルリン
DCM: ジクロロメタン
EEDQ: 2-エトキシ-1-(エトキシカルボニル)-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン
THF: テトラヒドロフラン
NMR: 核磁気共鳴
DMSO: ジメチルスルホキシド
LCMS: 液体クロマトグラフィー-質量分光法
TEA: トリエチルアミン
HATU: (1-[ビス(ジメチルアミノ)メチレン]-1H-1,2,3-トリアゾロ[4,5-b]ピリジニウム3-オキシドヘキサフルオロホスフェート
DMF: ジメチルホルムアミド
DIPEA: N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
TMSCN: シアン化トリメチルシリル
RP HPLC: 逆相高圧液体クロマトグラフィー
SFC: 超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー
CAN: アセトニトリル
NMP: N-メチルピロリドン
r.t: 室温
TEA: トリエチルアミン
TFA: トリフルオロ酢酸
MTBE: メチルtert-ブチルエーテル
EtOAC: 酢酸エチル
PyBOP: (ベンゾトリアゾール(Benzotrizole)-1-イル-オキシトリピロリジノホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート)
本明細書で使用される場合、「アルキル」という用語は、1から18個の炭素原子、例えば1から約12個の炭素原子、または1から約6個の炭素原子を含み得る(「C1~18アルキル」)、1価の脂肪族炭化水素基を指す。アルキル基は、直鎖、分岐鎖、単環式部分、または多環式部分、またはこれらの組合せとすることができる。アルキル基の例には、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、iso-ブチル、sec-ブチル、tert-ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、ノルボルニル、および同様のものが含まれる。アルキル基のそれぞれの場合は、独立して、必要に応じて置換されてもよく、即ち置換されない(「非置換アルキル」)かあるいは1個または複数の置換基、例えば1から5個の置換基、1から3個の置換基、または1個の置換基で置換される(「置換アルキル」)。
本明細書で論じる化合物を作製するのに有用な方法を、下記の実施例で述べ、ここで一般化する。当業者なら、これらの実施例を、本開示に従いリンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲート、リンカー、およびペイロード、およびそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を調製するよう適合できることが理解されよう。記述される反応において、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、イミノ、チオ、またはカルボキシ基などの反応性官能基は、望む場合にはいつでも、例えば望ましくない反応を回避するように保護され得る。従来の保護基は、標準的な実施および合成技法に従い使用されてもよい。エキサテカンなどのペイロードを保持する新規なリンカーを合成するのに必要とされる材料は、商業的に得、それらの対応する類似体は、下記の実施例に開示されるように調製する。
表1:HPLC勾配条件。
エキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体の合成
本開示のNDCを調製するのに適したエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体を、下記のプロトコールに従い合成することができる。エキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体は末端アジド基を含むので、それらは、クリックケミストリーを使用してアルキン部分(例えば、DBCO)で官能化されたナノ粒子に付着するのに適している。
(S)-2-アミノ-N-(4-(((tert-ブチルジフェニルシリル)オキシ)メチル)フェニル)-6-((ジフェニル(pトリル)メチル)アミノ)ヘキサンアミド(161)の合成
4-((32S,35S)-1-アジド-35-(4-((ジフェニル(p-トリル)メチル)アミノ)ブチル)-32-イソプロピル-30,33-ジオキソ-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-ノナオキサ-31,34-ジアザヘキサトリアコンタン-36-アミド)ベンジル(4-ニトロフェニル)カーボネート(191)の合成。
4-((32S,35S)-35-(4-アミノブチル)-1-アジド-32-イソプロピル-30,33-ジオキソ-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-ノナオキサ-31,34-ジアザヘキサトリアコンタン-36-アミド)ベンジル((1S,9S)-9-エチル-5-フルオロ-9-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-10,13-ジオキソ-2,3,9,10,13,15-ヘキサヒドロ-1H,12H-ベンゾ[de]ピラノ[3’,4’:6,7]インドリジノ[1,2-b]キノリン-1-イル)カルバメート(202)の合成。
葉酸コンジュゲート前駆体の合成
本明細書に開示される葉酸受容体標的化NDCを調製するのに適した葉酸コンジュゲート前駆体を、下記の合成プロトコールの1つに従い調製することができる。葉酸コンジュゲート前駆体は末端アジド基を含むので、クリックケミストリーを使用してアルキン部分(例えば、DBCO)で官能化されたナノ粒子に付着するのに適している。
(S)-16-(4-(((2-アミノ-4-オキソ-3,4-ジヒドロプテリジン-6-イル)メチル)アミノ)ベンズアミド)-1-アジド-13-オキソ-3,6,9-トリオキサ-12-アザヘプタデカン-17-オイック酸(606)の合成
(S)-38-(4-(((2-アミノ-4-オキソ-3,4-ジヒドロプテリジン-6-イル)メチル)アミノ)ベンズアミド)-1-アジド-30,35-ジオキソ-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-ノナオキサ-31,34-ジアザノナトリアコンタン-39-オイック酸(472)の合成
ナノ粒子薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)の合成
ナノ粒子の調製
水性合成法を使用して、本開示の超小型ナノ粒子を調製し官能化することができる。例えば、WO 2016/179260 A1およびWO 2018/213851 A1(その内容の全体は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)に概説される手順に基づく方法が、使用され得る。
本明細書に開示される方法を使用して調製されたナノ粒子を、例えば図2または3であるいは下記のスキーム6で概説される方法を使用して、さらに官能化してもよい。例えば、(3-シクロペンタジエニルプロピル)トリエトキシシラン(「ジエン-シラン」)は、シクロペンタジエン基でナノ粒子(例えば、C’ドット)を官能化するのに使用することができ、次いでDBCO-PEG-マレイミドをジエン官能化ナノ粒子と反応させて、DBCO-官能化ナノ粒子を提供することができる。
ナノ粒子(C’ドットとも呼ぶ)、標的化リガンド(葉酸)、およびリンカー-薬物コンジュゲートを含む本開示のNDCを、図3に提示されるフローチャートおよび以下のスキーム7で概説されるように調製することができる。官能化ステップで使用される標的化リガンド前駆体の量を調節することにより、ナノ粒子当たり所望の数の標的化リガンドを達成することができる。例えば、本開示のナノ粒子は、約10から約20個の葉酸部分、例えば約10、約11、約12、約13、約14、または約15個の葉酸部分を含有するように官能化され得る。同様に、官能化ステップで使用されるペイロード-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体の量を調節することにより、ナノ粒子当たり所望の数のペイロード部分を達成することができる。例えば、本開示のナノ粒子は、約10から約40個のエキサテカン-リンカー部分、例えば約20、約21、約22、約23、約24、または約25個のエキサテカン部分を含有するように、官能化されてもよい。
薬物放出アッセイ
本開示のNDCは、リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲート、例えばプロテアーゼ切断可能リンカー、例えばカテプシン-B(Cat-B)切断可能リンカーを含む。プロテアーゼとの接触の際、NDCはペイロード(即ち、エキサテカン)を放出し得る。ナノ粒子上のリンカー-薬物コンジュゲートの薬物放出プロファイルおよび安定性を、下記のプロトコールに従い試験した。
表2:薬物放出アッセイで使用された例示的なNDC。
in vitroフローサイトメトリー細胞結合研究
本明細書に開示されるNDCの細胞結合活性を、下記のプロトコールに従い試験した。使用されたNDCは、実施例1のエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3に従い調製した。ナノ粒子当たりの葉酸の量、およびナノ粒子当たりのエキサテカンの量は、実施例3で概説したプロトコールに従い調節することができた。
in vitro細胞生存率アッセイ:
本明細書に開示されるNDCのin vitro細胞毒性を、がん細胞で試験した。がん細胞を、葉酸不含培地(RPMI1640、ThermoFisher、GIBCO)中で少なくとも1週間、研究前に培養した。細胞を、不透明な96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり3×103細胞の密度(合計で90mL)で播き、一晩付着させた。翌日、細胞をNDC(実施例3に従い調製した)で、0~50nMの濃度範囲(0、0.001、0.005、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50nM)で、10×ストックFA-CDC溶液10mLを添加することによって処置した。
表3.葉酸標的化リガンドおよびリンカー-薬物コンジュゲートの類似の表面密度を持つNDCの代表的な細胞生存率結果。
がん細胞内のNDCの二次元(2D)共焦点撮像
2D共焦点撮像研究は、2つの例示的なNDCを使用して、様々なレベルの葉酸受容体利用可能性を持つ細胞の標的化を決定するために実施した。高い葉酸受容体発現(++++で示される)を持つ細胞は、KB細胞であった。FR発現のない細胞((-)で示される)はTOV-112D細胞系であった。FR遮断細胞も使用した。
表4.2D共焦点撮像アッセイで使用した例示的なNDC。
KB細胞の3D腫瘍スフェロイドモデルにおけるFA-CDCの共焦点撮像
3D腫瘍スフェロイドモデルアッセイを実行して、本明細書に開示されるNDCの腫瘍浸透を決定した。アッセイは、例示的なNDC(実施例1のエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3に従い調製された)を、ペイロードなしのFA標的化ナノ粒子(やはり実施例3により調製され、FA前駆体のみ含み、エキサテカン-ペイロードコンジュゲート前駆体は含まない);葉酸受容体(FR)標的化ADC;および対応するペイロードなしのFR標的化抗体と比較した。FR標的化抗体は、ミルベツキシマブの公開された配列に基づき調製した(huMov19として米国特許第9,637,547号で提供され;その内容の全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)。ADCを同じ抗体を用いて調製し、4-(ピリジン-2-イルジスルファニル)-2-スルホ-酪酸(sSPDB)リンカー(米国特許第9,637,547号で使用されるリンカーをベースにして)を介してメイタンシノイド薬DM4(Syngene International Ltd.により創出された)とコンジュゲートさせた。ADCおよび抗体をそれぞれ、Cy5-NHSエステルとの反応によってCy5有機色素とコンジュゲートさせ、PD-10カラムにより精製した。
DFO-FA-CDCの89Zr放射標識およびin vivo静止PET/CTおよび生体内分布研究
放射標識アッセイを実行して、本開示の葉酸受容体標的化NDCのin vivo生体内分布を決定した。アッセイで使用されるNDCを、キレーターデスフェリオキサミン(DFO)とコンジュゲートさせ、次いで放射性核種(89Zr)と結合させた。
ヒトKB腫瘍モデルおよびin vivo効力研究
NDCのin vivo効力は、ヒトKB腫瘍マウスモデルを使用して実施した。アッセイは、エキサテカン-ペイロードコンジュゲート前駆体202(実施例1;ここではDと標識し、図20Dに示される)を使用して実施例3に従い調製されたNDCを、以下の表5に示されるNDC(NDC A~CおよびE~F)と比較した。各NDCを、対照および遊離エキサテカンと比較し、NDC EおよびFを、遊離エキサテカンおよびイリノテカン(CPT-11)と比較した。
表5.in vivo効力研究で使用された例示的なNDC。
薬物耐性細胞系におけるNDCの活性
アッセイは、薬物耐性がん細胞(特に、イリノテカン耐性KB細胞およびエキサテカン耐性KB細胞)でのその活性を決定するために、本明細書に開示されるNDCを使用して実施した。このアッセイで使用したNDCは、エキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202(実施例1から)を使用して実施例3に従い調製された。
ナイーブのヒトKB細胞系をATCCから購入し、葉酸不含RPMI 1640培地/10%FBSおよび1%のペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン中で維持した。TOP1阻害剤耐性KB細胞を開発するために、フラスコ内の細胞(50~60%コンフルエンス)を、増大する濃度のエキサテカン、トポテカン、SN-38、またはイリノテカンで、4カ月間にわたり繰り返し処置した。出発TOP1阻害剤処置濃度は、KB細胞のIC90値に近かった。各処置後、細胞を、新鮮なRPMI 1640培地で慎重に洗浄し、さらに2~3日間、50~60%コンフルエンスに達するまで増殖させた。TOP1阻害剤処置の次のラウンドは、2~10倍高いTOP1阻害剤濃度で開始した。
ナイーブのおよびTOP1阻害剤耐性KB細胞の両方を、葉酸不含培地(RPMI1640、ThermoFisher、GIBCO)で培養した。細胞を、不透明な96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり3×103細胞(合計で90μL)の密度で播き、一晩付着させた。翌日、細胞を、選択されたTOP1阻害剤(例えば、遊離エキサテカン)またはNDCで、適切な濃度範囲で処置した。TOP1阻害剤を両方のタイプの細胞に同じ期間にわたり曝露した後、細胞生存率を、製造業者の指示に従って、CellTiter-Glo2.0アッセイ(Promega)を使用して評価した。生存率および増殖の両方に関するデータを、Prism7ソフトウェア(GraphPad)を使用してプロットした。耐性係数は、下記の方程式:
図21Aは、ナイーブのおよび耐性KB細胞の両方での、イリノテカンのIC50曲線を示し、5×イリノテカン耐性KB細胞の首尾良くなされた開発を実証し、ここでイリノテカン耐性KB細胞におけるIC50遊離イリノテカンは、ナイーブ細胞での668nMと比較して、3,618nMであった。図21Bは、ナイーブのKB細胞(IC50=0.27nM)および耐性KB細胞(IC50=0.26nM)でのNDC(FA-CDC)(実施例1のエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3に従い調製した)のIC50曲線を提供し、NDCは、ナイーブのKB細胞およびTOP1阻害剤耐性KB細胞の両方にわたって均一な高い効力を有することを示している。
図22Aは、ナイーブのおよび耐性KB細胞の両方におけるエキサテカンのIC50曲線を示し、>8×のエキサテカン耐性KB細胞の首尾良くなされた開発を実証しており、ここで通常のKB細胞におけるエキサテカンのIC50は、エキサテカンで4回前処置したKB細胞において4nMでありかつエキサテカンで7回前処置したKB細胞において16.9nMであるのと比較して、2nMであった。図22Bは、ナイーブのおよび耐性KB細胞の両方(4×または7×前処置)におけるNDC(FA-CDC)(実施例1のエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3に従い調製された)のIC50曲線を示し、ここでFA-CDCのIC50は、それぞれ0.27nM、0.28nM、および0.30nMであった。結果は、NDCが、ナイーブのおよび耐性KB細胞の両方において均一に高い効力を保有することを示した。
様々な葉酸受容体発現レベルを持つがん細胞でのNDCの活性
アッセイは、コンジュゲートされていないエキサテカンと比較して、種々のFRアルファ過剰発現がん細胞系において様々なレベルの薬物対粒子比を持つ、例示的なNDC(FA-CDC)の細胞毒性を決定するために実行した。NDCは、実施例1のペイロード-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3により調製した。試験したNDC(FA-CDC)は、43、20、8、および1の薬物対粒子比(DPR)を有していた(即ち、ナノ粒子当たり43、20、8、および1個のエキサテカン-リンカー基)。
患者由来のPt耐性腫瘍細胞系におけるNDCの細胞毒性
アッセイは、コンジュゲートされていないエキサテカンと比較して、Pt耐性である様々な患者由来の腫瘍細胞系における例示的なNDC(実施例1からのエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体化合物202を使用して、実施例1に従い調製した)の細胞毒性を確立するために実行した。細胞系は、卵巣がん、非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)、乳がん(HR+、HER2+;およびHR-、HER2+の両方;およびトリプルネガティブ乳がん(TNBC))、子宮内膜がん、および頭頸部(H&N)がんから得た。アッセイの結果を図24に提示する。
小児急性骨髄性白血病モデルにおける例示的なNDCのin vitroおよびin vivo効力
アッセイは、葉酸受容体アルファ陽性小児急性骨髄性白血病モデルにおいて、例示的なNDC(実施例1からのエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体202を使用して、実施例3のプロトコールに従い調製した)のin vitroおよびin vivo効力を確立するために実施した。
がん細胞(IGROV-1およびAML MV4;11細胞系)を、葉酸不含培地(RPMI1640、ThermoFisher、GIBCO)中で、研究前の少なくとも1週間、培養した。細胞結合研究は、4℃で60分間(n=3)、例示的なNDCを含むまたは抗FRアルファフィコエリスリン(PE)コンジュゲート抗体(抗FRアルファ抗体-PE)(濃度:10nM)を含む冷リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)(1%のウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含む)中で、5×105細胞(合計で500μL、100万/mL)をインキュベートすることによって行った。非標的化CDCおよびアイソタイプ抗体-PEを、それぞれ例示的なNDCおよび抗FRアルファ抗体-PEに対する陰性対照として使用した。次いで細胞懸濁物を、生存度キット(LIVE/DEAD(商標)Fixable Violet Dead Cell Stain Kit、Thermo Fisher)で10~15分間染色した。細胞を次に遠心分離し(毎分2000回転、5分)、冷PBS(1%のBSAを含む)で洗浄し(2~3回)、その後、PBS(1%のBSAを含む)に再懸濁した。三連の試料をLSRFortessaフローサイトメーター(BD Biosciences)(Cy5チャネル、633nm/647nm、生/死細胞染料、405nm)で分析した。結果を、FlowJo and Prism 7ソフトウェア(GraphPad)を使用して処理した。
がん細胞(IGROV-1およびAML MV4;11細胞系)を、葉酸不含培地(RPMI1640、ThermoFisher、GIBCO)中で、研究前の少なくとも1週間、培養した。細胞を、ウェル当たり3×103細胞の密度で(合計で90μL)、不透明な96ウェルプレートに播き、一晩付着させた。翌日、細胞を、10μLの10×ストックNDC溶液を添加することにより、0~100nMに及ぶ濃度の例示的なNDCで処置した。より短い曝露での生存率研究では、細胞を4時間処置し、100μLのPBSで洗浄した(3×)。次いでNDCを含まない、100μLの新鮮な細胞培地を各ウェルに添加し、プレートをさらに5日間、37℃でインキュベートし、その後、製造業者の指示に従ってCellTiter-Glo(登録商標)細胞毒性アッセイ(Promega)を行った。半数阻害濃度(IC50)に関するデータを、Prism7ソフトウェア(GraphPad)を使用してプロットした。
例示的なNDCのin vivo抗腫瘍死滅活性を、細胞系由来異種移植(CDX)モデルで評価した。NOD scidガンマ(NSG)マウスに葉酸塩不含固形飼料を、AML細胞系を注射する前に1週間与えた。次いでルシフェラーゼレポーターが形質導入された1~500万の融合陽性細胞系(M07e、WSU-AML)および操作された細胞(MV4;11 FOLR+)を、尾部静脈注射を介してNSGマウスに移植した。白血病の負荷および処置に対する応答を、非侵襲性生体発光撮像(マウスの正面および背面の両方から)を使用してモニタリングし、顎下部の出血により引き出したマウス末梢血のフローサイトメトリー分析を隔週で実施し、これはCDC処置の第1週から開始した。マウスを、疾患の症状(頻呼吸、ねこ背、永続的な体重減少、疲労、後肢の麻痺を含む)に関してモニタリングした。食塩水対照群(コホート1)からのマウスは、白血病注射後の44日目の高いAML負荷に起因して安楽死させた(血液、骨髄、胸腺、肝臓、肺、および脾臓を含む組織を剖検で収集し、白血病細胞の存在を分析した)。処置群(コホート2~4)からのマウスには、毎週、生体発光撮像を受け続けさせ、体重のモニタリングを行った。マウスの調製、処置、および撮像に関するタイムラインの図を、図31に提示する。
表6.用量設計(群当たりn=5)
ジエン由来のリンカーの安定性
ジエン系官能化手法を使用して調製された、本明細書に開示されるNDCの安定性を決定するために、ジエン系官能化手法を使用して調製されたNDCの安定性を、アミン系官能化手法を使用して調製されたNDCと比較した。
薬物動態および毒物学研究
例示的なNDCの薬物動態および毒物学を、ラットモデルでおよびイヌモデルで評価した。この研究で使用したNDCは、実施例1のエキサテカン-リンカーコンジュゲート前駆体化合物202を使用して、実施例3に従い調製した。上記実施例で実証されたように、この例示的なNDCは血漿中で非常に安定であり、in vitroおよびin vivoの両方で、様々な細胞系およびPDX由来の腫瘍モデルで抗腫瘍効力を誘発する。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
(a)シリカナノ粒子、および前記ナノ粒子の表面に共有結合されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、
(b)葉酸またはその誘導体もしくは塩を含み、直接またはスペーサー基を経て間接的に前記ナノ粒子に付着された、標的化リガンド、および
(c)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲート
を含む、ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)であって、
(i)前記ペイロードがエキサテカンであり、
(ii)前記リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、スペーサー基を経て前記ナノ粒子に付着され、
(iii)前記リンカーが、プロテアーゼ-切断可能リンカーであり、および
(iv)前記エキサテカンが、前記リンカーの切断の際に放出される、
ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)。
(項目2)
前記ナノ粒子が、シリカ系コアと、前記コアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルとを含む、項目1に記載のNDC。
(項目3)
約1nmから約10nmの間の平均直径を有する、項目1または2に記載のNDC。
(項目4)
約5nmから約8nmの間の平均直径を有する、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目5)
前記ナノ粒子のペイロードに対する平均比が、約1:1から約1:80、例えば約1:60、約1:40、約1:30、約1:28、約1:26、約1:25、約1:24、約1:23、約1:22、約1:21、約1:20、約1:19、または約1:18である、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目6)
前記ナノ粒子の標的化リガンドに対する平均比が、約1:1から約1:50、例えば約1:40、約1:30、約1:25、約1:20、約1:15、約1:14、約1:13、約1:12、約1:11、または約1:10である、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目7)
前記ナノ粒子:ペイロード:標的化リガンド(例えば、ナノ粒子:エキサテカン:葉酸)の平均比が、約1:20:10、1:20:11、1:20:12、1:20:13、1:20:14、1:20:15、1:21:10、1:21:11、1:21:12、1:21:13、1:21:14、1:21:15、1:22:10、1:22:11、1:22:12、1:22:13、1:22:14、1:22:15、1:23:10、1:23:11、1:23:12、1:23:13、1:23:14、1:23:15、1:24:10、1:24:11、1:24:12、1:24:13、1:24:14、1:24:15、1:25:10、1:25:11、1:25:12、1:25:13、1:25:14、または1:25:15である、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目8)
前記ナノ粒子内(例えば、前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内)に共有結合により被包された蛍光化合物を含む、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目9)
蛍光化合物が、Cy5およびCy5.5からなる群より選択される、項目7に記載のNDC。
(項目10)
式(NP):
式中、
xは0から20の整数(例えば、4)であり、
ケイ素原子は、前記ナノ粒子の一部であり、および
トリアゾール部分に隣接する
前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目11)
式(S-1):
式中、
ペイロードはエキサテカンであり、
リンカーは、プロテアーゼ切断可能リンカー(例えば、カテプシン-B切断可能リンカー)であり、および
ケイ素原子は、前記ナノ粒子の一部である、
前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目12)
式(S-2):
式中、
標的化リガンドは、葉酸またはその誘導体もしくは塩であり;および
ケイ素原子は、前記ナノ粒子の一部である、
前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目13)
前記リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、式(I):
式中、
Aは、Val-Lysであり、
ペイロードはエキサテカンの残基であり、ここでZは、エキサテカンの窒素原子であり、
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、およびR 5 は、出現するごとに、独立して、水素であり、
Xは、不在であり、
Yは、
X 1 、X 2 、X 3 、およびX 4 は、それぞれ独立して、-CH-であり、
Zは、-NR c -であり、
R c は、水素であり、および
nは1である、
前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目14)
前記リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、プロテアーゼ結合の際にC末端で加水分解を受けることが可能なプロテアーゼ切断可能リンカーであり、それによって前記ナノ粒子から前記ペイロードを放出する、前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目15)
前記プロテアーゼが、セリンプロテアーゼまたはシステインプロテアーゼを含む、項目14に記載のNDC。
(項目16)
(a)シリカ系コアと、前記コアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルとを含むナノ粒子;前記ナノ粒子の表面に共有結合されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、および前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内に共有結合により被包されたCy5色素、
(b)葉酸受容体に結合する標的化リガンドであって、前記標的化リガンドは、葉酸でありかつスペーサー基を経て前記ナノ粒子に間接的に付着される、標的化リガンド、
(c)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートであって、スペーサー基を経て間接的に前記ナノ粒子に付着され、
を含み、約1nmから約6nmの間の平均直径を有する、
ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)。
(項目17)
(a)シリカ系コアと、前記コアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルとを含むシリカナノ粒子;および前記ナノ粒子の表面に共有結合したポリレチレングリコール(PEG)、
(b)式(NP-3):
式中、xは4であり、yは9であり、ケイ素原子は前記ナノ粒子の一部である、構造、ならびに
(c)式(NP-2)
式中、xは4であり、yは3であり、ケイ素原子が前記ナノ粒子の一部である、構造
を含む、ナノ粒子薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)。
(項目18)
前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内に、共有結合により被包された蛍光色素(例えば、Cy5)を含む、項目17に記載のNDC。
(項目19)
葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置する方法であって、有効量の前記項目のいずれか一項に記載のNDCを、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、方法。
(項目20)
前記NDCが、それを必要とする前記対象に静脈内投与される、項目19に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記対象が、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択されるがんを有する、項目19または20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置するための、項目1から18のいずれか一項に記載のNDCの使用。
(項目23)
前記NDCが、それを必要とする対象に静脈内投与される、項目22に記載の使用。
(項目24)
前記がんが、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択される、項目22または23に記載の使用。
(項目25)
葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置するための医薬の製造における使用のための、項目1から18のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
(項目26)
前記がんが、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択される、項目25に記載のNDC。
(項目27)
項目1から18のいずれか一項のNDCと、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤とを含む、医薬組成物。
(項目28)
静脈内投与に適している、項目27に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目29)
単位剤形にあり、例えばアンプル、プレフィルドシリンジ、輸液容器、または多用量容器内にある、項目27または28に記載の医薬組成物。
Claims (29)
- (a)シリカナノ粒子、および前記ナノ粒子の表面に共有結合されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、
(b)葉酸またはその誘導体もしくは塩を含み、直接またはスペーサー基を経て間接的に前記ナノ粒子に付着された、標的化リガンド、および
(c)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲート
を含む、ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)であって、
(i)前記ペイロードがエキサテカンであり、
(ii)前記リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、スペーサー基を経て前記ナノ粒子に付着され、
(iii)前記リンカーが、プロテアーゼ-切断可能リンカーであり、および
(iv)前記エキサテカンが、前記リンカーの切断の際に放出される、
ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)。 - 前記ナノ粒子が、シリカ系コアと、前記コアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルとを含む、請求項1に記載のNDC。
- 約1nmから約10nmの間の平均直径を有する、請求項1または2に記載のNDC。
- 約5nmから約8nmの間の平均直径を有する、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記ナノ粒子のペイロードに対する平均比が、約1:1から約1:80、例えば約1:60、約1:40、約1:30、約1:28、約1:26、約1:25、約1:24、約1:23、約1:22、約1:21、約1:20、約1:19、または約1:18である、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記ナノ粒子の標的化リガンドに対する平均比が、約1:1から約1:50、例えば約1:40、約1:30、約1:25、約1:20、約1:15、約1:14、約1:13、約1:12、約1:11、または約1:10である、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記ナノ粒子:ペイロード:標的化リガンド(例えば、ナノ粒子:エキサテカン:葉酸)の平均比が、約1:20:10、1:20:11、1:20:12、1:20:13、1:20:14、1:20:15、1:21:10、1:21:11、1:21:12、1:21:13、1:21:14、1:21:15、1:22:10、1:22:11、1:22:12、1:22:13、1:22:14、1:22:15、1:23:10、1:23:11、1:23:12、1:23:13、1:23:14、1:23:15、1:24:10、1:24:11、1:24:12、1:24:13、1:24:14、1:24:15、1:25:10、1:25:11、1:25:12、1:25:13、1:25:14、または1:25:15である、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記ナノ粒子内(例えば、前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内)に共有結合により被包された蛍光化合物を含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 蛍光化合物が、Cy5およびCy5.5からなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載のNDC。
- 前記リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートが、プロテアーゼ結合の際にC末端で加水分解を受けることが可能なプロテアーゼ切断可能リンカーであり、それによって前記ナノ粒子から前記ペイロードを放出する、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、セリンプロテアーゼまたはシステインプロテアーゼを含む、請求項14に記載のNDC。
- (a)シリカ系コアと、前記コアの少なくとも一部分を取り囲むシリカシェルとを含むナノ粒子;前記ナノ粒子の表面に共有結合されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、および前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内に共有結合により被包されたCy5色素、
(b)葉酸受容体に結合する標的化リガンドであって、前記標的化リガンドは、葉酸でありかつスペーサー基を経て前記ナノ粒子に間接的に付着される、標的化リガンド、
(c)リンカー-ペイロードコンジュゲートであって、スペーサー基を経て間接的に前記ナノ粒子に付着され、
を含み、約1nmから約6nmの間の平均直径を有する、
ナノ粒子-薬物コンジュゲート(NDC)。 - 前記ナノ粒子の前記コア内に、共有結合により被包された蛍光色素(例えば、Cy5)を含む、請求項17に記載のNDC。
- 葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置する方法であって、有効量の前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のNDCを、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記NDCが、それを必要とする前記対象に静脈内投与される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択されるがんを有する、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置するための、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載のNDCの使用。
- 前記NDCが、それを必要とする対象に静脈内投与される、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記がんが、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択される、請求項22または23に記載の使用。
- 葉酸受容体発現がん(例えば、葉酸受容体発現腫瘍)を処置するための医薬の製造における使用のための、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載のNDC。
- 前記がんが、卵巣がん、子宮内膜がん、卵管がん、子宮頸がん、乳がん、肺がん、中皮腫、子宮がん、胃腸がん(例えば、食道がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、および胃がん)、膵臓がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、頭頸部がん、脳がん、甲状腺がん、皮膚がん、前立腺がん、精巣がん、急性骨髄性白血病(AML、例えば、小児AML)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)からなる群より選択される、請求項25に記載のNDC。
- 請求項1から18のいずれか一項のNDCと、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤とを含む、医薬組成物。
- 静脈内投与に適している、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 単位剤形にあり、例えばアンプル、プレフィルドシリンジ、輸液容器、または多用量容器内にある、請求項27または28に記載の医薬組成物。
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