JP2023515154A - 正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023515154A JP2023515154A JP2022550992A JP2022550992A JP2023515154A JP 2023515154 A JP2023515154 A JP 2023515154A JP 2022550992 A JP2022550992 A JP 2022550992A JP 2022550992 A JP2022550992 A JP 2022550992A JP 2023515154 A JP2023515154 A JP 2023515154A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- producing
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
[化学式1]
[NiaCobMnc](OH)2
[化学式2]
[NiaCobMnc]O・OH
前記化学式1および化学式2中、0.6≦a<1、0<b<0.4、0<c<0.4、a+b+c=1である。
本発明者らは、正極活物質の製造過程のうち焼成ステップを二つのステップに分離し、1次焼成時に低温で焼成を行うことで、1次焼成物のケーキ強度を低下させることができ、これにより、粉砕工程を容易に行うことができ、生産性を改善するだけでなく、2次焼成ステップでドーピング元素M1含有原料物質を混合することで、品質に優れた正極活物質を提供することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
[化学式1]
[NiaCobMnc](OH)2
[化学式2]
[NiaCobMnc]O・OH
前記化学式1および化学式2中、0.6≦a<1、0<b<0.4、0<c<0.4、a+b+c=1である。
本発明による正極活物質の製造方法は、下記化学式1または下記化学式2で表される組成を有する正極活物質前駆体、第1リチウム含有原料物質および選択的にアルミニウム含有原料物質を混合した後、400℃~700℃の温度で1次焼成して1次焼成物を製造し、前記1次焼成物を微粉砕するステップを含む。
[化学式1]
[NiaCobMnc](OH)2
[化学式2]
[NiaCobMnc]O・OH
前記化学式1および化学式2中、0.6≦a<1、0<b<0.4、0<c<0.4、a+b+c=1である。
本発明による正極活物質の製造方法は、微粉砕された1次焼成物、第2リチウム含有原料物質およびドーピング元素M1含有原料物質を混合した後、2次焼成してリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造するステップを含む。
Li1+xNia1Cob1Mnc1Ald1M1 e1O2
0≦x≦0.3、0.6≦a1<1.0、0<b1<0.4、0<c1<0.4、0≦d1≦0.2、0≦e1≦0.2、a1+b1+c1+d1+e1=1である。
本発明による正極活物質の製造方法は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を水洗した後、乾燥するステップをさらに含むことができる。前記水洗は、水洗溶液で前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在する不純物を除去する工程である。
本発明による正極活物質の製造方法は、乾燥されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物にコーティング元素含有原料物質を混合し熱処理してコーティング層を形成するステップをさらに含むことができる。これにより、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面にコーティング層が形成された正極活物質を製造することができる。
また、本発明は、上述の方法によって製造された正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供することができる。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
実施例1
Ni0.88Co0.05Mn0.07(OH)2で表される組成を有する正極活物質前駆体を準備した。リチウム含有原料物質としてLiOH・H2O、アルミニウム含有原料物質としてAl(OH)3を、前記正極活物質前駆体、LiOH・H2OおよびAl(OH)3のモル比が1:1.05:0.02になるようにする量で準備した。
Ni0.88Co0.05Mn0.07(OH)2で表される組成を有する正極活物質前駆体を準備した。リチウム含有原料物質としてLiOH・H2O、アルミニウム含有原料物質としてAl(OH)3を、前記正極活物質前駆体、LiOH・H2OおよびAl(OH)3のモル比が1:1.05:0.02になるようにする量で準備した。
Ni0.88Co0.05Mn0.07(OH)2で表される組成を有する正極活物質前駆体を準備した。
実施例1で前記正極活物質前駆体、前記LiOH・H2O(総モル数のうち100モル%)、および前記Al(OH)3を混合し、さらに、ZrO2(前記正極活物質前駆体とZrO2のモル比が1:0.005になるようにする量)を混合した後、酸素濃度85重量%の酸素雰囲気で630℃で10時間1次焼成して1次焼成物ケーキを製造し、前記1次焼成物ケーキをACM粉砕機(Air Classifier Mill)を用いて1000rpm下で粉砕した後、1000rpm下で分級して、微粉砕された1次焼成物を取得し、前記微粉砕された1次焼成物を、酸素濃度85重量%の酸素雰囲気で780℃で10時間2次焼成してリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造した以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1で前記微粉砕された1次焼成物に前記LiOH・H2O(総モル数のうち10モル%)のみを混合(ZrO2混合せず)した後、酸素濃度85重量%の酸素雰囲気で780℃で10時間2次焼成してLi1.05[Ni0.86Co0.05Mn0.07Al0.02]O2組成を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造した以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1で前記正極活物質前駆体、前記LiOH・H2O(総モル数のうち90モル%)、および前記Al(OH)3を混合し、さらに、ZrO2(前記正極活物質前駆体とZrO2のモル比が1:0.005になるようにする量)を混合した後、酸素濃度85重量%の酸素雰囲気で630℃で10時間1次焼成し、1次焼成物ケーキを製造した。
実験例1:1次焼成物ケーキの強度評価
実施例1、2および比較例1、2で製造した1次焼成物ケーキそれぞれに対して、粒子強度測定器を用いて、1次焼成物ケーキの上部から15mmの深さに挿入した後、ケーキ強度を測定し、前記1次焼成物ケーキが破壊される時の最大値を表1に示した。
実施例1、2および比較例1~4で製造した1次焼成物ケーキそれぞれに対して、ACM粉砕機を用いて1000rpm下で粉砕した後、1000rpm下で分級し、この時の粉砕処理量を表1に示した。
実施例1、2および比較例1~4で製造した正極活物質それぞれ5gを脱イオン水100gに入れて5分間混合した後、フィルタリングを行った。フィルタリングの後、pHメータを用いて滴定法で水に溶けているリチウムの量を測定し、これを表2に示した。
実施例1、2および比較例1~4で製造した正極活物質を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造し、リチウム二次電池それぞれに対して、初期放電容量、初期抵抗、容量維持率を評価した。
Claims (12)
- 下記化学式1または下記化学式2で表される組成を有する正極活物質前駆体、第1リチウム含有原料物質および選択的にアルミニウム含有原料物質を混合した後、400℃~700℃の温度で1次焼成して1次焼成物を製造し、前記1次焼成物を微粉砕する第1ステップと、
微粉砕された1次焼成物、第2リチウム含有原料物質およびドーピング元素M1含有原料物質を混合した後、前記1次焼成の温度より高い温度で2次焼成してリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造する第2ステップとを含み、
前記ドーピング元素M1含有原料物質は、Zr、Mg、Ti、Nb、W、Sc、Si、V、Fe、YおよびMoから選択される1種以上の金属元素を含み、
[化学式1]
[NiaCobMnc](OH)2
[化学式2]
[NiaCobMnc]O・OH
前記化学式1および前記化学式2中、0.6≦a<1、0<b<0.4、0<c<0.4、a+b+c=1である、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記第1リチウム含有原料物質および前記第2リチウム含有原料物質は、水酸化リチウム水和物(LiOH・H2O)、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、過酸化リチウム(Li2O2)および水酸化リチウム無水和物(LiOH)から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1リチウム含有原料物質は、前記第1リチウム含有原料物質および前記第2リチウム含有原料物質の総モル数に対して70モル%~95モル%の含量で混合される、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成は、酸素濃度80重量%以上の酸素雰囲気で行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成は、8時間~12時間行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成物のケーキ強度は、50N以下である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記微粉砕の時の粉砕機の回転速度は、800rpm~3000rpmである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2リチウム含有原料物質は、前記第1リチウム含有原料物質および前記第2リチウム含有原料物質の総モル数に対して5モル%~30モル%の含量で混合される、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次焼成は、700℃~1000℃の温度で行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次焼成は、酸素濃度80重量%以上の酸素雰囲気で行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次焼成は、8時間~12時間行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を水洗した後、乾燥する第3ステップと、
乾燥されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物にコーティング元素含有原料物質を混合し熱処理してコーティング層を形成する第4ステップとをさらに含む請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
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WO2019185349A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | Umicore | Methods for preparing positive electrode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries |
WO2020116858A1 (ko) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 이차전지용 양극 |
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