JP2023510125A - リチウム金属二次電池用電解液 - Google Patents
リチウム金属二次電池用電解液 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023510125A JP2023510125A JP2022537796A JP2022537796A JP2023510125A JP 2023510125 A JP2023510125 A JP 2023510125A JP 2022537796 A JP2022537796 A JP 2022537796A JP 2022537796 A JP2022537796 A JP 2022537796A JP 2023510125 A JP2023510125 A JP 2023510125A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- lithium metal
- lithium
- ether
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)pentane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2019年12月19日付韓国特許出願第10-2019-0170942号および2020年10月29日付韓国特許出願第10-2020-0141979号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として組み含まれる。
リチウム塩および非水系溶媒を含み、リチウム塩の濃度が2.0M超過~4.0M以下であるリチウム金属二次電池用電解液であって、
前記リチウム塩は、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを含み、
前記非水系溶媒は、1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル;環状フッ化カーボネート系溶媒;および鎖状カーボネート、鎖状エステル、および鎖状エーテル溶媒からなる群より選択される1以上の溶媒;を含み、
前記1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテルは、非水系溶媒の総100体積%に対して32体積%以下で含まれる、リチウム金属二次電池用電解液が提供される。
本発明の一実施形態によるリチウム金属二次電池用電解液は、リチウム塩および非水系溶媒を含み、リチウム塩の濃度が2.0M超過~4.0M以下であり、リチウム塩としてリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI)を、非水系溶媒として1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル(OTE);環状フッ化カーボネート系溶媒;および鎖状カーボネート、鎖状エステル、および鎖状エーテル溶媒からなる群より選択される1以上の溶媒;を含む。この時、前記OTEは、非水系溶媒の総100体積%に対して32体積%以下で含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態によれば、前述の電解液を含むリチウム金属二次電池が提供される。具体的に、前記リチウム金属二次電池は、正極、リチウム金属を活物質として含む負極、および分離膜を含み、電解質として前述の本発明の電解液を含む。
正極は、正極集電体上にコーティングされた正極活物質層を含む。前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質、バインダー、および選択的に導電剤を含むことができる。
本発明の負極は、リチウム金属を負極活物質とするリチウム金属負極である。リチウム金属二次電池の組立時に使用されるリチウム金属負極は、集電体のみからなるか、集電体にリチウム金属がコーティングされた形態であるか、またはリチウム金属のみからなるものであり得る。
分離膜は、負極と正極を分離し、リチウムイオンの移動通路を提供するものであり、リチウム電池で通常使用されるものであれば全て使用可能である。つまり、電解質のイオン移動に対して低抵抗であると共に、電解液含湿能力に優れたものを使用することができる。例えば、ガラス繊維、ポリエステル、テフロン(登録商標)、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)またはこれらの組み合わせの中から選択されたものであって、不織布または織布形態であってもよい。
実施例1、2および比較例1~3:リチウム金属二次電池の製造
(1)正極の製造
正極活物質としてNCM811(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)、導電剤としてカーボンブラック、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を使用し、溶媒としてN-メチルピロリドンを使用して、活物質:導電剤:バインダーの重量比が96:2:2である正極活物質スラリーを製造した。その後、厚さ12μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に前記正極活物質スラリーをコーティングして圧延および乾燥して、ローディングが3.8mAh/cm2である正極を製造した。
厚さ8μmの銅箔の一面に厚さ20μmのリチウム金属箔を積層させ、圧延してリチウム金属負極を製造した。
下記表1の組成により実施例および比較例の電解液を製造した。下記表で、DMCはジメチルカーボネート(鎖状カーボネート)、ECはエチレンカーボネート(環状カーボネート)、FECはフルオロエチレンカーボネート、OTEは1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテルである。また、下記表で、リチウム塩の含有量(wt%)は、電解液総100重量%に対する重量%であり、リチウム塩の濃度(M)は、電解液中に含まれている総溶媒1L当たりのリチウム塩のモル(mol)数であり、各溶媒の含有量は電解液溶媒の総100体積%中の各溶媒の体積%である。
前記(1)の正極の両面に分離膜および前記(2)の負極を積層して、負極/分離膜/正極/分離膜/負極の順に積層された125mAh容量のパウチ型バイセルを作製した。この時、分離膜としては7μm厚さのポリエチレン生地の両面に2.5μm厚さのアルミナがコーティングされた分離膜を使用した。
前記各実施例および比較例の電池に対して25℃で標準充/放電の電流密度を0.2C/2.0Cにし、充電終止電圧を4.25V、放電終止電圧を2.5Vにして充放電を繰り返した。この時、下記式1で表される容量維持率が80%になるサイクルを記録して、下記表2に示した。また、45℃で実施例2および比較例1の電池に対して同一の実験を行ってその結果を下記表2に示した。
容量維持率(%)=(n回目のサイクルでの放電容量/1回目のサイクルでの放電容量)*100
Claims (11)
- リチウム塩および非水系溶媒を含み、リチウム塩の濃度が2.0M超過~4.0M以下であるリチウム金属二次電池用電解液であって、
前記リチウム塩は、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを含み、
前記非水系溶媒は、1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル;環状フッ化カーボネート系溶媒;および鎖状カーボネート、鎖状エステル、および鎖状エーテル溶媒からなる群より選択される1以上の溶媒;を含み、
前記1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテルは、非水系溶媒の総100体積%に対して32体積%以下で含まれる、リチウム金属二次電池用電解液。 - 前記1H,1H,5H-オクタフルオロペンチル-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテルは、非水系溶媒の総100体積%に対して10体積%~30体積%で含まれるものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記環状フッ化カーボネート系溶媒は、非水系溶媒の総100体積%に対して5~30体積%で含まれるものである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記環状フッ化カーボネート系溶媒は、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート、およびトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される1種以上である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記鎖状カーボネートは、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、およびエチルプロピルカーボネートからなる群より選択される1種以上である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記鎖状エステルは、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、メチルプロピオネート、エチルプロピオネート、およびプロピルプロピオネートからなる群より選択される1種以上である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記鎖状エーテルは、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、およびエチルプロピルエーテルからなる群より選択される1種以上である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 前記鎖状カーボネート、鎖状エステル、および鎖状エーテル溶媒からなる群より選択される1以上の溶媒は、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピオネート、エチルプロピオネート、ジメチルエーテル、およびジエチルエーテルからなる群より選択される1種以上である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを電解液の総重量の20~50重量%で含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- リチウム塩濃度が2.1M以上~3.0M以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム金属二次電池用電解液。
- 正極;リチウム金属負極;前記正極および負極の間に介される分離膜;および請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の電解液を含むリチウム金属二次電池。
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