JP2022549103A - 膜電極接合体 - Google Patents
膜電極接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022549103A JP2022549103A JP2022516751A JP2022516751A JP2022549103A JP 2022549103 A JP2022549103 A JP 2022549103A JP 2022516751 A JP2022516751 A JP 2022516751A JP 2022516751 A JP2022516751 A JP 2022516751A JP 2022549103 A JP2022549103 A JP 2022549103A
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Abstract
Description
i) 炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む分散液を調製するステップと、次いで
ii) 分散液を触媒被覆イオン伝導性膜の触媒層に塗布して、触媒層上に炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む微多孔質層Aを形成するステップと、次いで
a) ステップii)の後に、ガス拡散基材を微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、又は
b) ステップii)の後に、微多孔質層Bを微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、のいずれかと、を含む。
A) i) 炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む分散液DAを調製するステップと、次いで
ii) 分散液DAを触媒被覆イオン伝導性膜Yのカソード触媒層に塗布して、カソード触媒層上に炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む第1の微多孔質層Aを形成するステップと、次いで
a) ステップii)の後に、第1のガス拡散基材を第1の微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、又は
b) ステップii)の後に、第1の微多孔質層Bを第1の微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、のいずれかと、
B) i) 炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む分散液DBを調製するステップと、次いで
ii) 分散液DBを触媒被覆イオン伝導性膜Yのアノード触媒層に塗布して、アノード触媒層上に炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む第2の微多孔質層Aを形成するステップと、次いで
a) ステップii)の後に、第2のガス拡散基材を第2の微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、又は
b) ステップii)の後に、第2の微多孔質層Bを第2の微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、のいずれかと、を含む。
i) 膜電極接合体のカソード側が、第1のガス拡散基材と、炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む第1の微多孔質層Aと、カソード触媒層と、を含み、第1の微多孔質層Aの表面の95%以上がカソード触媒層の表面と接触している、かつ
ii) 膜電極接合体のアノード側が、第2のガス拡散基材と、炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む第2の微多孔質層Aと、アノード触媒層と、を含み、第2の微多孔質層Aの表面の95%以上がアノード触媒層の表面と接触している、イオン伝導性膜を含む。
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びオスミウム)、
(ii)金若しくは銀、
(iii)卑金属、
あるいはこれらの金属又はそれらの酸化物のうちの1つ以上を含む合金又は混合物から選択される。
5つの異なる膜電極アーキテクチャを組み立てた。
断面走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)撮像用の試料は、凍結切片法(cyro-fracturing technique)によって調製された。全ての画像は、2kVのビーム電圧及び0.2nAの発光電流で動作するデュアルビームFEI Helios Nanolab 650走査型電子顕微鏡を使用して撮影された。
試料を、100Psiで圧縮したTP5セル(Tandem Technologies)内に配置し、熱水(80℃)をカソード上に40時間流した。界面をSEMで観察して、微多孔質層|触媒層接着に対する長期の熱水曝露の効果を確認した。
試験のために、14cm2(7cm×2cm)の活性領域を有する膜電極接合体を、向流の単一サーペンタイン流路フィールド(counter-flow single serpentine flow field)を用いてTP50セル(100psi圧縮)内に配置した。ガスの湿度及び圧力をそれぞれ100%及び100kPagに維持した。セルを80℃で操作した。全ての膜電極接合体を6時間(80℃、500mA cm-2)調整した。燃料電池性能の再現性及び一貫性を決定するために、3つの異なるベースライン膜電極接合体試料(すなわち、比較例2)を(試験期間の開始、中間、及び終了時に)組み立て及び試験した。CV試験は、セルのアノード側で純粋な加湿したH2、及びカソード側で純粋な加湿したN2を使用して、標準水素電極に対して0~1.2の電位窓にわたって行われた(H2及びN2流量=それぞれ0.1及び1NLPM)。
従来の膜電極接合体(比較例2)においてガス拡散基材に予め接着された従来の微多孔質層の存在は、微多孔質層を含まない膜電極接合体(例えば、図1(a)によって表されるような比較例1)と比較して、膜電極の接合体抵抗を~90から~65mΩ cm2に低減し(図3(b))、より良好な全体的な分極性能をもたらす(図3(a)を参照)。抵抗の低減は、触媒層|ガス拡散基材界面のものと比較して、触媒層|微多孔質層界面における接触面積の増加に起因すると考えられる。
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Claims (18)
- 膜電極接合体を調製するためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、
i) 炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む分散液を調製するステップと、次いで
ii) 前記分散液を触媒被覆イオン伝導性膜の触媒層に塗布して、前記触媒層上に前記炭素粒子及び前記ポリマー結合剤を含む微多孔質層Aを形成するステップと、次いで
a) ステップii)の後に、ガス拡散基材を前記微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、又は
b) ステップii)の後に、微多孔質層Bを前記微多孔質層Aに付加するステップ、のいずれかと、を含む、プロセス。 - ステップii)が、前記分散液を前記触媒層に噴霧することによって実行される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒層が、カソード触媒層である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記微多孔質層Aの組成物が、前記微多孔質層Bの組成物とは異なる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリマー結合剤が、疎水性ポリマーである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記疎水性ポリマーが、フルオロポリマーである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記分散液はまた、非ポリマーフッ素化化合物も含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記分散液はまた、希釈剤も含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記微多孔質層Aが、5mg/cm2以下の炭素粒子を含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- ステップb)において、前記微多孔質層Bが、ガス拡散基材との組み合わせとして付加される、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のプロセスによって得られる、膜電極接合体。
- ガス拡散基材と、炭素粒子及びポリマー結合剤を含む微多孔質層Aと、触媒層と、イオン伝導性膜と、を含み、前記微多孔質層Aの表面の95%以上は、前記触媒層の表面と接触しており、前記ガス拡散基材、前記微多孔質層A、及び前記触媒層は、前記イオン伝導性膜の1つの側に存在する、膜電極接合体。
- 前記微多孔質層Aの前記表面の99%以上が、前記触媒層の前記表面と接触している、請求項12に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記ガス拡散基材と前記微多孔質層Aとの間に微多孔質層Bを更に備える、請求項12又は13に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記微多孔質層Aの前記組成物が、前記微多孔質層Bの前記組成物とは異なる、請求項14に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記微多孔質層Aが、5mg/cm2以下の炭素粒子を含有する、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記イオン伝導性膜の前記側が、前記カソード側であり、前記触媒層はカソード触媒層である、請求項12~16のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 請求項11~17のいずれか一項に記載の前記膜電極接合体を備える燃料電池。
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