JP2022542274A - 負極活性材料、その調製方法、二次電池及びその関連の電池モジュール、電池パック並びに装置 - Google Patents
負極活性材料、その調製方法、二次電池及びその関連の電池モジュール、電池パック並びに装置 Download PDFInfo
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021484 silicon-nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)前記負極活性材料の個数粒径分布Dn10が、0.1μm~4μmであり、選択的に、0.15μm~3μmである。前記負極活性材料のDn10が上記範囲内にある場合、電池のサイクル性能及びエネルギー密度をさらに向上させることができる。
(2)前記負極活性材料の体積粒径分布Dv50が、4μm~15μmであり、選択的に、5μm~10μmである。負極活性材料のDv50が上記範囲内にある場合、電池のサイクル性能をさらに向上させることができ、電池のエネルギー密度を向上させるのにも有利である。
(3)前記負極活性材料の体積粒径分布Dv99が、8μm~25μmであり、選択的に、12μm~22μmである。負極活性材料のDv99が上記範囲内にある場合、電池のサイクル性能をさらに向上させることができる。
(4)5トン(49KNに相当)の圧力下で測定された前記負極活性材料の圧密度が、1.0g/cm3~1.6g/cm3であり、選択的に、1.2g/cm3~1.5g/cm3である。負極活性材料の圧密度が上記範囲内にある場合、二次電池のサイクル性能及びエネルギー密度を向上させるのに有利である。
(5)前記負極活性材料の真密度が、2.1g/cm3~2.5g/cm3であり、選択的に、2.2g/cm3~2.4g/cm3である。負極活性材料の真密度が上記範囲内にある場合、電池のエネルギー密度を向上させるのに有利である。
ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類をコア構造として供給する工程a)と、
ポリマーを溶剤中に分散させ、均一に分散されるまで撹拌して、溶液を取得する工程b)と、
前記溶液中に前記コア構造を添加し、均一に混合されるまで撹拌して、混合スラリーを取得する工程c)と、
前記混合スラリーを不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で噴霧乾燥させて、固体粉末を取得する工程d)と、
前記固体粉末を不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で熱処理して、負極活性材料を取得する工程e)と、
を含み、
前記負極活性材料は、コア構造及び前記コア構造の少なくとも一部の外面に被覆されたポリマー改質被覆層を含み、前記コア構造は、ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類を含み、前記負極活性材料の赤外線スペクトルにおいて、波数が1450cm-1~1690cm-1の位置に赤外線吸収ピークを有し、且つ、前記赤外線吸収ピークの透過率Tが80%≦T≦99%を満たす。
負極活性材料
ここで、Dn10、Dv50、Dv90の物理的定義は、以下の通りである。
Dn10:前記負極活性材料の累積個数分布百分率が10%に達する時に対応する粒径である。
Dv50:前記負極活性材料の累積体積分布百分率が50%に達する時に対応する粒径である。
Dv90:前記負極活性材料の累積体積分布百分率が90%に達する時に対応する粒径である。
S10において、ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類を含むバルク材料を粉砕処理して、一定の粒径分布を有するコア構造を取得する。
S20において、ポリマーを溶剤中に分散させ、均一に分散させるまで撹拌して、溶液を取得する。
S30において、溶液中にコア構造を添加し、均一に混合するまで撹拌して、混合スラリーを取得する。
S40において、混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥機に移し、不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で噴霧乾燥を行って、固体粉末を取得する。
S50において、不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で、且つ特定の温度、特定の時間で、固体粉末に対する熱処理を行い、必要に応じて触媒を添加するか又は添加せず、これにより前記負極活性材料を取得する。
二次電池
装置
実施例
実施例1
負極活性材料の調製
ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)1gを溶媒 ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)1000mLにより分散させ、ポリアクリロニトリルが完全に溶解するまで撹拌して、溶液を取得する。
溶液中にコア構造100gを添加し、均一になるまで撹拌して、混合スラリーを取得する。
混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥機に移し、アルゴンガスを導入し、190℃で噴霧乾燥を行って、固体粉末を取得する。
固体粉末をアルゴンガス雰囲気下で熱処理し、熱処理の温度が450℃であり、熱処理の時間が4hであり、冷却した後に前記負極活性材料が得られる。
ボタン型電池の作製
実施例2~17及び比較例1~4
試験部分
2.初回クーロン効率及びサイクル性能測定
ボタン型電池の初回クーロン効率(%)=初回リチウム脱離容量/初回リチウム挿入容量×100%
ボタン型電池のサイクル容量保持率(%)=50回目リチウム脱離容量/初回リチウム脱離容量×100%
Claims (20)
- 負極活性材料であって、
コア構造及び前記コア構造の少なくとも一部の外面に被覆されたポリマー改質被覆層を含み、
前記コア構造は、ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類を含み、
前記負極活性材料の赤外線スペクトルにおいて、波数が1450cm-1~1690cm-1の位置に赤外線吸収ピークを有し、且つ、前記赤外線吸収ピークの透過率Tが80%≦T≦99%を満たす、
負極活性材料。 - 85%≦T≦98.5%である、
請求項1に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記被覆層は、炭素元素を含み、且つ、-C=C-結合を含む、
請求項1又は2に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記被覆層における炭素元素の質量は、前記負極活性材料の総質量の0.5%~4.0%であり、選択的に、0.7%~1.3%である、
請求項3に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記被覆層は、さらに、窒素元素を含み、且つ、-C=N-結合を含む、
請求項3又は4に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記窒素元素の質量は、前記負極活性材料の総質量の0.1%~0.66%であり、選択的に、0.2%~0.56%である、
請求項5に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記負極活性材料のX線回折パターンにおいて、回折角2θが19°~27°の位置に回折ピークを有し、且つ、前記回折ピークの半値幅が4°~12°であり、選択的に、前記半値幅が5°~10°である、
請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記負極活性材料のラマンスペクトルにおいて、ラマンシフトが1320cm-1~1410cm-1及び1550cm-1~1650cm-1の位置にそれぞれ散乱ピークを有し、ラマンシフトが1320cm-1~1410cm-1の位置での散乱ピークのピーク強度をIDと記し、ラマンシフトが1550cm-1~1650cm-1の位置での散乱ピークのピーク強度をIGと記す場合、前記ID及びIGは、1.60≦ID/IG≦2.50を満たし、選択的に、1.80≦ID/IG≦2.40を満たす、
請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記負極活性材料は、
(1)前記負極活性材料の個数粒径分布Dn10が、0.1μm~4μmであり、選択的に、0.15μm~3μmであること、
(2)前記負極活性材料の体積粒径分布Dv50が、4μm~15μmであり、選択的に、5μm~10μmであること、
(3)前記負極活性材料の体積粒径分布Dv99が、8μm~25μmであり、選択的に、12μm~22μmであること、
(4)5トン(49KNに相当)の圧力下で測定された前記負極活性材料の圧密度が、1.0g/cm3~1.6g/cm3であり、選択的に、1.2g/cm3~1.5g/cm3であること、
(5)前記負極活性材料の真密度が、2.1g/cm3~2.5g/cm3であり、選択的に、2.2g/cm3~2.4g/cm3であること
のうちの一つ又は複数を満たす、
請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の負極活性材料。 - 前記ケイ素系材料は、ケイ素単体、ケイ素炭素複合物、ケイ素酸素化合物、ケイ素窒素化合物及びケイ素合金から選択される1種類又は複数種類であり、選択的に、前記ケイ素系材料は、ケイ素酸素化合物から選択され、前記スズ系材料は、スズ単体、スズ酸素化合物及びスズ合金から選択される1種類又は複数種類である、
請求項1に記載の負極活性材料。 - 負極活性材料の調製方法であって、
ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類をコア構造として供給する工程a)と、
ポリマーを溶剤中に分散させて、均一に分散されるまで撹拌して、溶液を取得する工程b)と、
前記溶液中に前記コア構造を添加し、均一に混合されるまで撹拌して、混合スラリーを取得する工程c)と、
前記混合スラリーを不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で噴霧乾燥させて、固体粉末を取得する工程d)と、
前記固体粉末を不活性非酸化性ガス雰囲気下で熱処理して、負極活性材料を取得する工程e)と、
を含み、
前記負極活性材料は、コア構造及び前記コア構造の少なくとも一部の外面に被覆されたポリマー改質被覆層を含み、前記コア構造は、ケイ素系材料及びスズ系材料のうちの1種類又は複数種類を含み、前記負極活性材料の赤外線スペクトルにおいて、波数が1450cm-1~1690cm-1の位置に赤外線吸収ピークを有し、且つ、前記赤外線吸収ピークの透過率Tが80%≦T≦99%を満たす、
調製方法。 - 前記工程b)において、前記ポリマーは、ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸、ポリ塩化ビニリデンから選択される1種類又は複数種類であり、選択的に、前記ポリマーは、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアクリルアミドから選択される1種類又は複数種類である、
請求項11に記載の調製方法。 - 前記工程b)において、前記ポリマーの質量と前記溶媒の体積との比は、0.1g/L~15g/Lであり、選択的に、0.5g/L~10g/Lである、
請求項11又は12に記載の調製方法。 - 前記工程c)において、前記コア構造の質量と前記ポリマーの質量との比は、10~180であり、選択的に、16~100である、
請求項11乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の調製方法。 - 前記工程d)において、前記噴霧乾燥の温度は、80℃~300℃であり、選択的に、110℃~250℃である、
請求項11乃至14のいずれか1項に記載の調製方法。 - 前記工程e)において、前記熱処理の温度は、250℃~450℃であり、選択的に、300℃~450℃であり、
選択的に、前記熱処理の時間は、2h~8hであり、選択的に3h~5hである、
請求項11乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の調製方法。 - 二次電池であって、
請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の負極活性材料、又は、請求項11乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の調製方法により得られる負極活性材料を含む、
二次電池。 - 請求項17に記載の二次電池を備える、電池モジュール。
- 請求項18に記載の電池モジュールを備える、電池パック。
- 請求項17に記載の二次電池、請求項18に記載の電池モジュール、又は、請求項19に記載の電池パックのうちの少なくとも1種類を備える、装置。
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