JP2022132376A - 遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物およびその使用法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、National Institutes of Health(NIH)によって授与されたグラント番号5R01CA156689-04の下で、政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は、本発明における一定の権利を有する。
本願は、35U.S.C.§119(e)に準じて、2012年11月5日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/722,437号の出願日に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、その全開示が参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
生物医学的研究の目標は、ヒト生理学についてのよりよい理解を獲得し、ヒト疾患を防止するか、処置するか、または治癒させるために、この知識を使用することである。ヒト対象における実験法に対する実務上および倫理上の障壁のため、多くの研究が、マウスのような小動物モデルにおいて実施されている。従って、これらのヒト疾患の動物モデルが必要とされている。
[本発明1001]
IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸、ならびに
(i)非ヒト動物のゲノムにランダムに組み込まれた、SIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸;
(ii)M-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸;
(iii)IL-3プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-3をコードする核酸;
(iv)GM-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸;および
(v)TPOプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトTPOをコードする核酸:
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の付加的な核酸
を含む、遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1002]
IL-6プロモーターが非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターであり、ヒトIL-6をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-6遺伝子座において非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されている、本発明1001の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1003]
ヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物M-CSF遺伝子座にあり、ヒトIL-3をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-3遺伝子座にあり、ヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物GM-CSF遺伝子座にあり、ヒトTPOをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物TPO遺伝子座にある、本発明1001の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1004]
免疫不全である、本発明1001の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1005]
組換え活性化遺伝子(RAG)を発現しない、本発明1004の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1006]
IL2受容体γ鎖を発現しない(γ鎖-/-)、本発明1004の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1007]
RAG2を発現せず、かつIL2rgを発現しない、本発明1004の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1008]
ヒト造血細胞の生着をさらに含む、本発明1001の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1009]
ヒト造血細胞がCD34+細胞である、本発明1008の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1010]
ヒト造血細胞が多発性骨髄腫細胞である、本発明1008の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1011]
マウスである、本発明1001の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
[本発明1012]
免疫不全であり、IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸を含み、ヒトIL-6を発現しかつ非ヒト動物IL-6を発現しない遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物へ、ヒト造血細胞の集団を移植する工程
を含む、ヒトB細胞の発達および機能の動物モデルを生成する方法。
[本発明1013]
IL-6プロモーターが非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターであり、ヒトIL-6をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-6遺伝子座において非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されている、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1014]
移植される造血細胞の集団がCD34+細胞を含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1015]
移植される造血細胞の集団が多発性骨髄腫細胞を含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1016]
移植する工程が、大腿骨内注射および/または脛骨内注射を含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1017]
動物が、非ヒト動物のゲノムにランダムに組み込まれた、SIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸をさらに含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1018]
免疫不全の、遺伝学的に修飾された動物が、
(i)M-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸;
(ii)IL-3プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-3をコードする核酸;
(iii)GM-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸;および
(iv)TPOプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトTPOをコードする核酸:
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の付加的なヒト核酸を発現する、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1019]
動物がマウスである、本発明1012~1018のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1020]
本発明1012~1019のいずれかの方法に従って調製された、生着させられた非ヒト動物。
[本発明1021]
ヒト造血器癌細胞が生着している本発明1020の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物を、候補薬剤と接触させる工程、および
該接触させられた非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度を、ヒト造血器癌細胞を生着させられているが候補薬剤と接触させられていない本発明1020の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度と比較する工程
を含む、造血器癌を処置する能力について候補薬剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、該接触させられた非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度の減少が、その候補薬剤が造血器癌を処置するであろうことを示す、方法。
[本発明1022]
造血器癌が多発性骨髄腫である、本発明1021の方法。
ヒト造血細胞の発達、機能、または疾患をモデル化するために使用され得る遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物が、提供される。遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸を含む。いくつかの態様において、ヒトIL-6を発現する遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、ヒトM-CSF、ヒトIL-3、ヒトGM-CSF、ヒトSIRPa、またはヒトTPOのうちの少なくとも1種も発現する。本発明は、本明細書に記載された遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物を生成する方法および使用する方法にも関する。いくつかの態様において、遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、マウスである。いくつかの態様において、本明細書に記載された遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、正常細胞もしくは腫瘍性細胞またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、ヒト造血細胞を生着させられる。いくつかの態様において、本明細書に記載された遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、ヒト多発性骨髄腫(MM)細胞を生着させられる。様々な態様において、本発明のヒト造血細胞を生着させられた遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、造血細胞および免疫細胞の増殖および分化のインビボ評価、ヒト造血系のインビボ評価、癌細胞のインビボ評価、免疫応答のインビボ査定、ワクチンおよび予防接種計画のインビボ評価、癌細胞の増殖または生存をモジュレートする薬剤の効果の試験における使用、癌の処置のインビボ評価、ならびにヒト抗体を含む免疫メディエーターのインビボの作製および収集、ならびに造血細胞および免疫細胞の機能をモジュレートする薬剤の効果の試験における使用のために有用である。
他に定義されない限り、本明細書において使用される技術用語および科学用語は、全て、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同一の意味を有する。そのような用語は、J.Sambrook and D.W.Russell,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;3rd Ed.,2001;F.M.Ausubel,Ed.,Short Protocols in Molecular Biology,Current Protocols;5th Ed.,2002;B.Alberts et al.,Molecular Biology of the Cell,4th Ed.,Garland,2002;D.L.Nelson and M.M.Cox,Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,4th Ed.,W.H.Freeman & Company,2004;およびHerdewijn,P.(Ed.),Oligonucleotide Synthesis:Methods and Applications,Methods in Molecular Biology,Humana Press,2004を例示的に含む様々な標準的な参考書に見出され、定義され、文脈中に使用されている。本明細書に記載されたものに類似しているかまたは等価である任意の方法および材料を、本発明の実施または試行において使用することができるが、好ましい方法および材料が記載される。
本発明のいくつかの局面において、ヒトIL-6を発現する遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物が、提供される。ヒトIL-6(hIL6)とは、例えば、Genbankアクセッション番号NM_000600.3およびNP_000591.1に記載されている配列を有する184アミノ酸タンパク質を意味する。ヒトIL-6は、例えば、T細胞、B細胞、単球、マクロファージ、繊維芽細胞、ケラチノサイト、内皮細胞、および骨髄腫細胞によって産生される分泌型タンパク質である。IL-6は、結合サブユニット(IL-6R)およびシグナル伝達サブユニット(gp130)を含む細胞表面ヘテロ二量体受容体複合体を通して作用する。gp130は、IL-11、IL-27、LIFの受容体のような他の受容体の共通の成分であるが、IL-6Rは、ヘパトサイト、単球、活性化B細胞、休止T細胞、および骨髄腫細胞株に主に制限されている。IL-6は、造血、免疫応答、および急性期反応において中心的な役割を果たし、B細胞の抗体分泌細胞(ASC)への最終成熟のため、特に、T依存性(TD)抗体応答における胚中心反応における形質芽細胞の増大のため、重要な因子であることが示されている。IL-6は、インビトロのT細胞増殖およびインビボの細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)の生成のために必要とされ、それらをIL-2に対してより応答性にする。
本発明の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、例えば、当技術分野において公知であるかまたは本明細書に記載されるような、遺伝学的に修飾された動物の生成のための任意の便利な方法を使用して生成され得る。
本発明の様々な態様において提供される遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物は、造血細胞の増殖および分化のモデルとしての使用、ヒト造血系のインビボ評価、癌細胞のインビボ評価、免疫応答のインビボ研究、ワクチンおよび予防接種計画のインビボ評価、癌細胞の増殖または生存をモジュレートする薬剤の効果の試験における使用、癌の処置のインビボ評価、抗体のような免疫メディエーターのインビボの作製および収集、ならびに造血細胞および免疫細胞の機能に影響を与える薬剤の効果の試験における使用のような様々な用途を有している。
本明細書中の他の箇所に記載されるように、生着させられた免疫不全動物からのヒトモノクローナル抗体の作製のために有用な組成物および方法も、提供される。様々な態様において、方法は、免疫系を移植された非ヒト動物(生着させられた動物)を生成するため、免疫不全動物をヒト造血細胞と接触させる工程、その後、生着させられた動物を抗原と接触させる工程、抗原に対するヒト抗体を産生するヒト細胞を、生着させられた動物から収集する工程、および抗体産生細胞から抗体を単離する工程を含む。
上記の方法のうちの一つまたは複数を実施するための試薬およびそのキットも、提供される。本発明の試薬およびそのキットは、大いに変動し得る。いくつかの態様において、試薬またはキットは、本発明の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物の生成および/または維持において使用するための1種または複数種の試薬を含むと考えられる。例えば、キットは、IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸およびSIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸を含む免疫不全マウス;またはIL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸を含み、M-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸;IL-3プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-3をコードする核酸;GM-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸;TPOプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトTPOをコードする核酸;および/もしくはSIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸をさらに含むマウスを含み得る。キットは、そのようなマウスを育種するための試薬、例えば、ヒトIL-6遺伝子、ヒトM-CSF遺伝子、ヒトIL-3遺伝子、ヒトGM-CSF遺伝子、ヒトSIRPa遺伝子、および/またはヒトTPO遺伝子についての遺伝子型決定プライマー、PCR緩衝液、MgCl2溶液等を含み得る。
以下の実験例を参照することによって、さらに詳細に、本発明を説明する。これらの例は、例示を目的として提供されるに過ぎず、特記しない限り、限定的なものではない。従って、本発明は、決して、以下の例に限定されると解釈されるべきではなく、本明細書中に提供された教示の結果として明白になるであろう全ての任意の変動を包含するものと解釈されるべきである。
本明細書に記載されたデータは、本明細書に記載された、遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物が、多発性骨髄腫の新規インビボ動物モデルを表すことを証明する。
マウス マウスIL-6遺伝子座の6.8kbを、ヒトIL-6遺伝子の3'非翻訳領域を含むエクソン1~5を含有している4.8kbのヒトIL-6遺伝子配列に置換することによって、ヒト化IL-6ノックインマウスを生成した。
上流順方向プライマー:
上流逆方向プライマー:
上流プローブ:
下流順方向プライマー:
下流逆方向プライマー:
下流プローブ:
。ここで、FAMとは、5-カルボキシフルオレセイン蛍光プローブをさし、BHQとは、ブラックホール消光剤型の蛍光消光剤をさす(Biosearch Technologies)。標的化ベクターを取り込んだES細胞クローンから精製され、ゲノムに組み入れられたDNAを、384穴PCRプレート(MicroAmp(商標)Optical 384-Well Reaction Plate,Life Technologies)において、製造業者の提案に従って、TaqMan(商標)Gene Expression Master Mix(Life Technologies)と組み合わせ、PCRの途中で蛍光データを収集し、閾値サイクル(Ct)(蓄積された蛍光が予め設定された閾値に到達する時のPCRサイクル数)を決定するApplied Biosystems Prism 7900HTにおいてサイクリングした。上流および下流のIl6特異的なqPCRならびに非標的参照遺伝子のための2種のqPCRを、各DNA試料について実行した。各Il6特異的qPCRと各参照遺伝子qPCRとの間のCt値の差(ΔCt)を計算し、次いで、アッセイされた各ΔCtと全ての試料についての中央ΔCtとの間の差を、各試料についてのΔΔCt値を入手するために計算した。各試料中のIL-6遺伝子のコピー数を、以下の式から計算した:コピー数=2・2-ΔΔCt。ネイティブコピーのうちの1個を喪失した、正確に標的化されたクローンは、1に等しいIL-6遺伝子コピー数を有すると考えられる。ヒト化された対立遺伝子において、ヒトIL-6遺伝子配列が、欠失したマウスIl-6遺伝子配列に取って代わったことの確認を、(5'から3'へ書かれた)以下のプライマー-プローブセットを含むTaqMan(商標)qPCRアッセイによって確認した:
ヒト順方向プライマー:
ヒト逆方向プライマー:
およびヒトプローブ:
。
内にあるよう設計されている。ここで、ヒト遺伝子の最初のヌクレオチドの前の最後のマウスヌクレオチドは、CCGCT内の「T」であり、ヒト配列の最初のヌクレオチドは、ATGAA内の最初の「A」である。hIL-6遺伝子を含有している配列とマウス遺伝子座との下流ジャンクションは、
内にあるよう設計されている。ここで、ヒト配列の最後のヌクレオチドはTCACG内の最後の「G」であり、マウス配列の最初のヌクレオチドは、CTCCC内の最初の「C」であり;下流ジャンクション領域は、loxPが導入されたユビキチンプロモーターによって作動するneoカセットの除去のため、3'末にloxP部位も含有していた(その最初が示される)。neoカセットとマウスIL-6遺伝子座とのジャンクションは、
内にあるよう設計されている。ここで、AGCTCの最後の「C」が、neoカセットの最後のヌクレオチドであり;カセットの後のマウスゲノムの最初のヌクレオチドは、CTAAG内の最初の「C」である。
ヒト化IL-6遺伝子を有するマウスにおける多発性骨髄腫細胞株の生着 ヒトのSIRPαおよびIL-6を発現するマウスが多発性骨髄腫(MM)細胞株のために適当な宿主であるか否かを評価するため、ヒトIL-6依存性MM細胞株(INA6-gfp)を利用した。scid-huマウスの異種移植系において移植された時、INA6-gfp細胞株は、ヒト微小環境、即ち、ヒト胎児骨チップへの高い依存性を示す(Epstein et al.,2005,Methods Mol Med,113:183-190)。具体的には、INA-6細胞は、scid-huマウスにおいてヒト骨移植片にのみ生着することができ、このことは、初代MM細胞に類似しているヒト骨髄微小環境に対する依存性を示唆している(Tassone et al.,2005,Blood,106(2):713-716)。
材料および方法
マウス 上記のように、ヒト化IL-6 KIマウスを生成した。まず、キメラマウスをBALB/cマウスと交雑し、次いで、ホモ接合的にhIL-6を有する派生動物を入手するため、戻し交配した。同一の混合BALB/c×129背景を有するマウスを、対照として使用した。
ヒトCD34 + 細胞を移植されたRAG2 -/- γ c -/- マウスにおける末梢血生着 IL6h/hマウスは、IL6m/mマウスと比較した時、分析の間を通して、より高い末梢血(PB)生着を示し、それらの生着は経時的に増加した(図9)。試験されたいずれの時点においても、2つのマウス群の間に、ヒト細胞の組成の主要な差は存在しなかった(図10)。両方の群において、B細胞およびT細胞の百分率は、8週目および16~20週目には類似していたが、11~15週目には、T細胞(IL6m/mにおいて16.86±3.14、IL6h/hにおいて30.26±6.23)より高いB細胞(IL6m/mにおいて69.23±3.97、IL6h/hにおいて55.91±4.86)の百分率が存在した。骨髄系CD33+細胞は、ヒト細胞の微量成分を表し、それらの百分率は経時的に減少した。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
YALE UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN BIOMEDICINE(IRB)
<120> GENETICALLY MODIFIED NON-HUMAN ANIMALS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
<150> US 61/722,437
<151> 2012-11-05
<160> 12
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Claims (22)
- IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸、ならびに
(i)非ヒト動物のゲノムにランダムに組み込まれた、SIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸;
(ii)M-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸;
(iii)IL-3プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-3をコードする核酸;
(iv)GM-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸;および
(v)TPOプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトTPOをコードする核酸:
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の付加的な核酸
を含む、遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。 - IL-6プロモーターが非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターであり、ヒトIL-6をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-6遺伝子座において非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されている、請求項1に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- ヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物M-CSF遺伝子座にあり、ヒトIL-3をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-3遺伝子座にあり、ヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物GM-CSF遺伝子座にあり、ヒトTPOをコードする核酸が非ヒト動物TPO遺伝子座にある、請求項1に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- 免疫不全である、請求項1に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- 組換え活性化遺伝子(RAG)を発現しない、請求項4に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- IL2受容体γ鎖を発現しない(γ鎖-/-)、請求項4に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- RAG2を発現せず、かつIL2rgを発現しない、請求項4に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- ヒト造血細胞の生着をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- ヒト造血細胞がCD34+細胞である、請求項8に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- ヒト造血細胞が多発性骨髄腫細胞である、請求項8に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- マウスである、請求項1に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物。
- 免疫不全であり、IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-6をコードする核酸を含み、ヒトIL-6を発現しかつ非ヒト動物IL-6を発現しない遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物へ、ヒト造血細胞の集団を移植する工程
を含む、ヒトB細胞の発達および機能の動物モデルを生成する方法。 - IL-6プロモーターが非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターであり、ヒトIL-6をコードする核酸が非ヒト動物IL-6遺伝子座において非ヒト動物IL-6プロモーターに機能的に連結されている、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 移植される造血細胞の集団がCD34+細胞を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 移植される造血細胞の集団が多発性骨髄腫細胞を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 移植する工程が、大腿骨内注射および/または脛骨内注射を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 動物が、非ヒト動物のゲノムにランダムに組み込まれた、SIRPaプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトSIRPaをコードする核酸をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 免疫不全の、遺伝学的に修飾された動物が、
(i)M-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトM-CSFをコードする核酸;
(ii)IL-3プロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトIL-3をコードする核酸;
(iii)GM-CSFプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトGM-CSFをコードする核酸;および
(iv)TPOプロモーターに機能的に連結されたヒトTPOをコードする核酸:
からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の付加的なヒト核酸を発現する、請求項17に記載の方法。 - 動物がマウスである、請求項12~18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項12~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って調製された、生着させられた非ヒト動物。
- ヒト造血器癌細胞が生着している請求項20に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物を、候補薬剤と接触させる工程、および
該接触させられた非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度を、ヒト造血器癌細胞を生着させられているが候補薬剤と接触させられていない請求項20に記載の遺伝学的に修飾された非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度と比較する工程
を含む、造血器癌を処置する能力について候補薬剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、該接触させられた非ヒト動物におけるヒト造血器癌細胞の生存率および/または増殖速度の減少が、その候補薬剤が造血器癌を処置するであろうことを示す、方法。 - 造血器癌が多発性骨髄腫である、請求項21に記載の方法。
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