JP2022111183A - 正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022111183A JP2022111183A JP2022088802A JP2022088802A JP2022111183A JP 2022111183 A JP2022111183 A JP 2022111183A JP 2022088802 A JP2022088802 A JP 2022088802A JP 2022088802 A JP2022088802 A JP 2022088802A JP 2022111183 A JP2022111183 A JP 2022111183A
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- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- active material
- heat treatment
- nickel
- lithium
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- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IQNRLBUERLDDJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(O)O.[Co].[Mn].[Ni] Chemical compound O(O)O.[Co].[Mn].[Ni] IQNRLBUERLDDJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) tricarbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Co+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ni+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 etc.) Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910005564 NiaMnbCoc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004170 Li(NiaCObMnc)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017071 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910017223 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].OOO Chemical compound [Mn].OOO RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMAZTIKEPKCNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Co].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Co].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] WMAZTIKEPKCNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4, Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年11月24日に出願された韓国特許出願第10-2017-0158817号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
先ず、リチウム原料物質とニッケル‐マンガン‐コバルト前駆体を含む反応混合物を第1ルツボに投入する。
[反応式1]
LiOH+[NiaMnbCoc](OH)2→Li[NiaMnbCoc]2O4、Li[NiaMnbCoc]O2
前記1次熱処理を介して仮焼成混合物が形成されると、形成された仮焼成混合物を第1ルツボから取り出して粉砕又は分級する。
前記粉砕又は分級過程が完了すると、第2ルツボに粉砕又は分級された仮焼成混合物を投入して、酸素分圧が20%以下の雰囲気で、700℃から1000℃、好ましくは750℃から1000℃の温度で2次熱処理することで、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系正極活物質を形成する。
[反応式2]
Li[NiaMnbCoc]2O4 + 1/2Li2O → Li[NiaMnbCoc]O2
[化学式1]
Li1+x[NiaMnbCocM1 1-a-b-c]1-xO2
前記化学式1において、-0.2≦x≦0.2、0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1であり、前記M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、In、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、及びMoからなる群から選択される1種以上である。
以下、具体的な実施例を介して本発明をより詳しく説明する。
LiOHとNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2を、1.01:1の重量比でミキサーで混合し反応混合物を形成した後、前記反応混合物7500g(体積:8000ml)をステンレススチール製ルツボに投入して、600℃、酸素雰囲気で5時間の間1次熱処理して仮焼成混合物を形成した後に冷凍した。製造された仮焼成混合物の体積は2000mlで、仮焼成混合物の重量は約5000gであった。
Li2CO3とNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2を1.07:1の重量比でミキサーで混合し反応混合物を形成した後、前記反応混合物7500g(体積:8000ml)をステンレススチール製ルツボに投入して、750℃、酸素雰囲気で5時間の間1次熱処理して仮焼成混合物を形成した後に冷凍した。製造された仮焼成混合物の体積は2000mlで、仮焼成混合物の重量は約5000gであった。
2次熱処理を酸素雰囲気で行ったことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
2次熱処理を酸素雰囲気で行ったことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
1次熱処理温度を300℃にしたことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。1次熱処理後に製造された仮焼成混合物の体積は7500mlで体積の減少が殆ど発生しなかった。また、仮焼成混合物の重量は約6700gで測定された。比較例3の仮焼成混合物の重量減少率が実施例1及び2に比べ小さいことは、1次熱処理温度が低いため、水分及びガス除去率が低いからであると判断される。
Li2CO3とNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2を1.07:1の重量比でミキサーで混合し反応混合物を形成した後、前記反応混合物7500g(体積:8000ml)をアルミニウム製ルツボに投入して、750℃、酸素雰囲気で5時間の間1次熱処理して仮焼成混合物を形成した後に冷凍した。
実施例1、2と比較例1、2及び4によって製造された正極活物質の結晶サイズ(crystal size)及び陽イオン混合(cation mixing)値をXRD(X線回折)リファインメント分析を介して測定し、測定の結果は下表1に示した。
実施例1、2と比較例1、2、4によって製造された正極活物質と、PVdF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)バインダー及びカーボンブラックを97.5:1.5:1.0の重量比でNMP(N‐メチルピロリドン)溶液に分散させてスラリーを製造した後、これをAl集電体に塗布した。その後、ロールプレスで圧延し正極を製造した。
Claims (14)
- リチウム原料物質とニッケル‐マンガン‐コバルト前駆体を含む反応混合物を第1ルツボに投入して、500℃から800℃の温度で1次熱処理を行い仮焼成混合物を形成する段階と、
前記仮焼成混合物を前記第1ルツボから取り出して粉砕又は分級する段階と、
粉砕又は分級された前記仮焼成混合物を第2ルツボに投入して、酸素分圧が20%以下の雰囲気で、700℃から1000℃の温度で2次熱処理を行いリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系正極活物質を形成する段階とを含み、
前記1次熱処理後に形成された仮焼成混合物の体積が、前記第1ルツボに投入された反応混合物の体積の20%から50%である、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記1次熱処理は、酸素雰囲気又は大気雰囲気で行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次熱処理は、窒素雰囲気、真空雰囲気又は非流動雰囲気で行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム原料物質は、水酸化リチウム及び炭酸リチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ニッケル‐マンガン‐コバルト前駆体は、ニッケルマンガンコバルト水酸化物、ニッケルマンガンコバルトオキシ水酸化物、ニッケルマンガンコバルトカーボネート、及びニッケルマンガンコバルト有機錯体からなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記反応混合物は、ドーピング原料物質をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ドーピング原料物質は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、In、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、及びMoからなる群から選択される1種以上の元素を含む酸化物、水酸化物、硫化物、オキシ水酸化物、ハロゲン化物又はこれらの混合物である、請求項6に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1ルツボは、ステンレススチール製ルツボ、ニッケル製ルツボ又は合金ルツボである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次熱処理は、1時間以上行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2ルツボに投入される仮焼成混合物の含量は、前記第1ルツボから形成された仮焼成混合物の含量の2倍から10倍である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2ルツボは、アルミニウム製ルツボである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次熱処理の前に第2ルツボにドーピング原料物質を添加する段階をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次熱処理は、2時間以上行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系正極活物質は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
Li1+x[NiaMnbCocM1 1-a-b-c]1-xO2
前記化学式1において、-0.2≦x≦0.2、0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1であり、
前記M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、In、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、及びMoからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
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