JP2021529809A - 炎症性疾患を治療するためのnlrx1リガンドとしての1,3,5−トリス(6−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)ベンゼン誘導体および関連化合物 - Google Patents
炎症性疾患を治療するためのnlrx1リガンドとしての1,3,5−トリス(6−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)ベンゼン誘導体および関連化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Zは以下であり、
各場合におけるYは、独立して、NR6、O、S、C(R6)2、およびCR7からなる群から選択され、
各場合におけるA1、A2、A3、A4、およびA5は、独立して、NおよびCからなる群から選択され、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、およびR6は、存在する場合、各場合において、水素、ヒドロキシ、アセチル、ハロ、およびカルボキシル;アミノ、アルキル、アルコキシ、カルボキシアルキル、アシル、アシルアミノアリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアルコキシ、ヘテロカルボキシアルキル、ヘテロアシル、ヘテロアシルアミノ、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群から選択される置換または非置換部分;ならびに上記の任意の組み合わせからなる群から独立して選択されるが、但し、所与の環上のA1、A2、A3、A4、および/またはA5が、それぞれNである場合、所与の環上のR1、R2、R3、R4、および/またはR5のいずれかが存在せず、
各場合におけるR7は、独立して、=O、=S、および=NR6からなる群から選択される。
特に明記しない限り、本出願全体を通して以下の定義が使用される。
「アルキル」という用語は、それ自体または別の置換基の一部として、特に明記しない限り、完全飽和、直鎖、分岐鎖、もしくは環状の炭化水素ラジカル、またはそれらの組み合わせを意味し、二価および多価ラジカルを含み得、指定された数の炭素原子を有する(例えば、C〜C10は1個および10個を含めて1個〜10個の炭素原子を意味する)。アルキル基の例には、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、t−ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、シクロヘキシル、(シクロヘキシル)エチル、シクロプロピルメチル、およびそれらの同族体、ならびにそれらの異性体、例えば、n−ペンチル、n−ヘキシル、n−ヘプチル、n−オクチル等が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。「アルキル」という用語は、特に断りのない限り、シクロアルキルを含む。
本発明の化合物は、A環、B環、C環、およびD環を有する式Zの化合物、またはそれらの塩を含み、
Zは以下であり、
各場合におけるYは、独立して、NR6、O、S、C(R6)2、およびCR7からなる群から選択され、
各場合におけるA1、A2、A3、A4、およびA5は、独立して、NおよびCからなる群から選択され、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、およびR6は、存在する場合、各場合において、水素、ヒドロキシ、アセチル、ハロ、およびカルボキシル;アミノ、アルキル、アルコキシ、カルボキシアルキル、アシル、アシルアミノアリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアルコキシ、ヘテロカルボキシアルキル、ヘテロアシル、ヘテロアシルアミノ、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群から選択される置換または非置換部分;ならびに上記の任意の組み合わせからなる群から独立して選択されるが、但し、所与の環上のA1、A2、A3、A4、および/またはA5が、それぞれNである場合、所与の環上のR1、R2、R3、R4、および/またはR5のいずれかが存在せず、
各場合におけるR7は、独立して、=O、=S、および=NR6からなる群から選択される。
本発明の方法の過程で、治療有効量の本発明の化合物を、多くの様式で哺乳動物およびヒトを含む動物に投与し得る。好ましい実施形態では、本発明の化合物は経口的または非経口的に投与されるが、医療用化合物またはエアロゾル等による他の投与形態も企図される。
実施例1NLRX1リガンドの分子モデリング
ウイルスRNAおよび食物脂質(プニカ酸およびドコサヘキサエン酸)を含む、前述のNLRX1のリガンドを使用して、NLRX1タンパク質上の2つの高電位結合部位の存在を決定した[5]。重要な結合残基を確立するために、NLRX1(pdb:3UN9)のC末端の公開された構造にこれらのリガンドをドッキングした。
バーチャルスクリーニング。予備的な足場への追加の洞察を提供するために、AutoDock Vinaを使用してリガンドデータベースをNLRX1にドッキングし、2つの部位のそれぞれで(58×40×40オングストローム)のサイズの直方体検索グリッドを使用してリガンドの予測される結合親和性およびコンフォメーションを提供した。結合親和性は、リガンドの分子量に対して正規化された。結合ポーズをさらに調べるために、上位のリガンドを選択した。
新規化学物質(NCE)の仮想スクリーニングおよび最適化から、120°回転対称の化合物、および本明細書に開示される式Zの同様の疑似対称誘導体が、NLRX1に対して強い結合親和性を有すると特定された。図1A〜図1Pを参照されたい。これらのNCEは、中央のベンゼン環またはアザベンゼン環が単一リンカー原子によって3つの外側の環構造に接続された化合物で構成されていた。選択されたファミリーメンバーの結合親和性は、図2A〜図2Dに提供されている。それぞれの最低エネルギー結合構成で予測される結合親和性は、−8.9kcal/mol〜−11.7kcal/molの範囲であった。提示された全ての化合物は、−6.2kcal/molの結合親和性が公開されている低親和性NLRX1リガンドであるプニカ酸よりも高い予測結合親和性を有する。このクラスのNCEの高親和性結合化合物は、NX−43と称される2,2’−(5−フェノキシ−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(3−メチルピリジン)であることが観察された。高親和性結合の完全対称化合物は、−10.6kcal/molのNX−13と称される1,3,5−トリス(6−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)ベンゼンであることが観察された。NX−13の酸素リンカーをメチレン(NX−38)、カルボニル(NX−46)、または硫黄(NX−48)で置き換えると、予測された結合がわずかに減少したが、結合は依然として予測されたリガンドの閾値を上回っていた。結合結果および予測された物理化学的特性に基づいて、合成および機能試験のためにこのクラスから化合物を選択した。
実施例2NX−13
ジメチルホルムアミド中のベンゼン−1,3,5−トリオールおよび2−ブロモ−6−メチルピリジンの溶液に炭酸カリウムを加え、反応混合物にマイクロ波を200℃で4時間照射した。反応混合物を氷冷水で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、減圧下で蒸発させて、1,3,5−トリス(6−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)ベンゼンを得た。HNMR(400MHz、DMSO−d6):7.767−7.728(t、J=8.0Hz、3H)、7.042−7.024(d、J=7.2Hz、3H)、6.849−6.829(d、J=8.0Hz、3H)、6.667(s、3H)、2.352(s、9H)。
2−(3,5−ビス(6−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)フェノキシ)−4,6−ジメチルピリミジン(NX−37)の合成は、以下に詳述するように5段階のプロセスであった。
2,2’−(5−フェノキシ−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(3−メチルピリジン)(NX−43)の合成は、以下に詳述するように2段階のプロセスであった。
6,6’−(5−フェノキシ−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(5−メチル−3−ピリジノール)(NX−44)の合成は、以下に詳述するように4段階のプロセスであった。
6,6’,6’ ’ −(ベンゼン−1,3,5−トリイルトリス(オキシ))トリス(5−メチルピリジン−3−アミン)(NX−45)の合成は、以下に詳述するように2段階のプロセスであった。
DMSO中のベンゼン−1,3,5−トリオールの撹拌溶液に、2時間かけてNaHを少しずつ加えた。その後、2−ブロモ−3−メチルピリジンを滴下して加え、150℃で一晩撹拌した。反応の進行をモニターした。出発物質の変換後、反応混合物を氷冷水で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、減圧下で蒸発させて、1,3,5−トリス(3−メチルピリジン−2−イルオキシ)ベンゼンを得た。
2,2’−(5−フェノキシ−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(6−メチルピリジン)(NX−53)の合成は、以下に詳述するように2段階のプロセスであった。
2,2’−(5−(ピリジン−2−イルオキシ)−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(6−メチルピリジン)(NX−54)の合成は、以下に詳述するように4段階のプロセスであった。
2,2’−(5−(6−メチルフェノキシ)−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(6−メチルピリジン)(NX−55)の合成は、以下に詳述するように2段階のプロセスであった。
2,2’−(5−(フェン−6−オール)オキシ−1,3−フェニレン)ビス(オキシ)ビス(6−メチルピリジン)(NX−56)の合成は、以下に詳述するように4段階のプロセスであった。
実施例12NLRX1への表面プラズモン共鳴結合
序論
バーチャルスクリーニングおよびインシリコ実験は、治療標的の新しい小分子リガンドを設計する際に、目的の足場を特定して優先順位を付けるための貴重な手段である。これらの知見を検証するために、目的のタンパク質に対する小分子の親和性を決定するための多数のインビトロ法が存在する。1つの特定の方法は、表面プラズモン共鳴であり、これは、固定化された精製タンパク質上にリガンドの懸濁液を流すことによって定常状態の結合を推定する能力である。この方法は、有望なNLRX1リガンドを評価するために使用された。
NLRX1の生成および精製。ヒトNLRX1(www.uniprot.org;UniProtKB−Q86UT6(NLRX1_HUMAN))をE.coliにクローニングし、増幅してPichia pastorisにトランスフェクトした。P.pastorisをアデニン選択培地に播種した。安定したトランスフェクトコロニーを選択し、YPDブロス中30℃で24時間、240RPMで振とうしながら増殖させた。種菌を使用して、ビオチンを含み、リン酸カリウムで緩衝された基本培地(1%酵母エキス、2%ペプトン、1%ソルビトール、2%酵母窒素塩基)に接種した。接種した基本培地を30℃、240RPMで48時間インキュベートした。次いで、P.pastorisを遠心分離によりペレット化し、ビオチンを含み、リン酸カリウムで緩衝された発現培地(1%ソルビトール、2%酵母窒素塩基)に再懸濁した。メタノールの添加によりタンパク質生成のために培養を毎日誘導し、28℃、240RPMで合計4日間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、細胞を遠心分離によりペレット化し、超音波処理により溶解した。組換えNLRX1タンパク質は、固定化金属アフィニティークロマトグラフィーを使用した高速タンパク質液体クロマトグラフィー(AktaPrime)により精製した。タンパク質の画分を1mLのアリコートで溶出し、NLRX1の含有量について評価した。変異NLRX1タンパク質は、同様の方法を使用して生成し、4つの残基をアラニン(D677A、F680A、F681A、およびE684A)に変更することにより、予測される結合部位内の結合を妨害した。
表面プラズモン共鳴は、NX−13、NX−37およびNX−43のNLRX1への予測される結合を検証した(図3)。特に、NX−13、NX−37、およびNX−43は、異なる親和性および物理化学的特性でNLRX1に結合する小分子として同定された。変異したNLRX1タンパク質への結合の喪失(図3)から、予測された結合がこれらのリガンドの結合の主要部位であることが検証された。NX−13は、30.2μMのKDでNLRX1タンパク質に結合した(図3)。
実施例13インビトロでの免疫学的スクリーニング
序論
多くの自己免疫疾患の病因の中心は、CD4+Tヘルパー細胞の機能不全である[3]。これらの細胞は、個体の健康を維持し、免疫反応を増幅し、恒常性を促進する上で重要である。しかしながら、自己免疫疾患および炎症性疾患の場合、CD4+Tヘルパー細胞は、過活動状態になり得るか、刺激が存在しない場合に活性化され得るか、または炎症を解消できない場合がある。これらのシナリオでは、炎症を軽減または予防することができる治療薬は、疾患を管理するための貴重な処置法である。この目的で、この細胞型における抗炎症性NLRX1リガンドの機能的治療可能性を検証した。
細胞培養。C57BL/6マウスから脾臓を切除した。脾臓を顕微鏡スライドのつや消し端の間で押しつぶし、濾過して細胞懸濁液を得た。赤血球を低張溶解によって溶解した。残りの細胞を洗浄し、濾過した。CD4+T細胞は、磁気選別ベースのネガティブセレクションを使用して懸濁液内で濃縮した。細胞を採取し、抗CD3でコーティングされた96ウェルプレート内に播種し、NX−13、NX−37、NX−43、NX−44、もしくはNX−50の存在下で0、0.1、1、もしくは10マイクロモルで;NX−53、NX−54、NX−55、もしくはNX−56の存在下で0、0.1、もしくは1マイクロモルで;またはNX−45の存在下で10、50、もしくは100ナノモルで48時間培養した。培養の最後の6時間の間に、細胞をホルボール12−ミリステート−13−アセテート(PMA)およびイオノマイシンで刺激した。
免疫学的分析。細胞を96ウェルプレートから採取し、フローサイトメトリーによる免疫表現型検査のために抗体のカクテルで染色した。培養上清を採取し、サイトメトリービーズアレイによってサイトカイン濃度についてアッセイした。BD FACS Celestaでデータをキャプチャし、FacsDivaを使用して分析した。
NX−13は、野生型細胞培養内でIFNγ産生およびTNFα産生CD4+T細胞の割合を減少させた(図4Aおよび4B)。NLRX1が存在しない場合、これらの効果は失われた(図4Aおよび4B)。
序論
炎症性腸疾患は、上皮バリアの作用または機能不全によって開始される多くの疾患プロセスを伴う多因子性疾患である[31]。この疾患の代表的な受け入れられている動物モデルは、マウスの飲料水にデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)を投与することによって誘発される。DSSの摂取は、遠位消化管、特に結腸の上皮バリアを破壊および破損するように作用する。上皮バリアの破壊は、結腸粘膜へのマイクロバイオームの浸潤と、それに続く免疫細胞の動員および活性化を可能にする。このモデルは、腸の炎症の制御されたシステムにおける新しい治療薬の評価を可能にする。
DSSモデル。上皮層の破壊を誘発するために、マウスに飲料水中の8%(w/v)DSSを7日間与えた。プロジェクト開始時、マウスは8週齢であり、8%DSSを与えてから24時間後に投与を開始した。毎日マウスの体重を測定し、疾患の症状(下痢、直腸出血、直腸炎症、全体的な行動)についてスコア化した。
経口NX−13による処置は、DSSでチャレンジされた野生型マウスの疾患活動性を低下させる。この大腸炎モデルにおける疾患活動性は、体重減少、直腸出血の存在および重症度、糞便の硬さ、疼痛の症状、ならびにマウスの全体的な行動の要約スコアである。NX−13は、チャレンジの過程全体を通して疾患活動性を低下させ、6日目に最大50%の低下が観察された(図7A)。
序論
クローン病および潰瘍性大腸炎は、未解明の炎症性フレアが散発的に発生し、その結果として腸粘膜に進行性の損傷をもたらす慢性疾患である[32、33]。マウスでMdr1aが失われると、上皮細胞が老廃物を正しく処理して排出する能力が損なわれ、自発的な大腸炎が引き起こされる[34]。これらのマウスの大腸炎は慢性的であり、腸の層全体に浸透する。したがって、Mdr1a−/−モデルは、免疫担当動物の使用、上皮細胞機構の内因性機能障害、顕著な炎症反応、およびヒトIBDにおける新たなリスク対立遺伝子としてのMDR1遺伝子の翻訳関連性に起因する疾患重症度の低下の誘導および維持のための治療薬の長期投与を試験するための理想的なモデルである[35][36]。
MDR1a−/−モデル。MDR1aを欠損したマウスは自発的に大腸炎を発症する。MDR1a−/−は、4週齢でNX−13による処置(経口、20mg/kg)を受け始め、10週齢まで処置を続けた。毎週マウスの体重を測定してスコア化した。
経口NX−13による処置は、Mdr1a−/−マウスの疾患活動性を低下させる。この大腸炎モデルにおける疾患活動性は、体重減少、直腸出血の存在および重症度、糞便の硬さ、疼痛の症状、ならびにマウスの全体的な行動の要約スコアである。NX−13は、チャレンジの過程全体を通して疾患活動性を低下させ、処置の6週目に最大70%の低下が観察された(図9)。
序論
クローン病および潰瘍性大腸炎に苦しむヒトは、胃腸管内で局所的におよび血液内で全身的に炎症性サブセットの高い保有率を伴う過活動性免疫細胞を呈する。したがって、IBD患者の末梢血(PBMC)から単離された単核細胞は、それらが曝露される環境および個体の全ての細胞内に存在する遺伝的異常のために消化管粘膜で観察される強力な炎症反応の多くを示すことが多い。潰瘍性大腸炎およびクローン病患者のPBMCにおいてNX−13の翻訳アプリケーションを調べ、ヒト細胞におけるNX−13による処置の抗炎症効果を確認した。
PBMCの分離。試料は、中程度から重度の疾患を有すると臨床的に分類された男性および女性のドナーから得られた。年齢および現在の投薬は除外基準として使用されなかった。全血をヘパリン処理した真空管に採取した。滅菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩水で全血を1:3の体積に希釈した。LeucoSep(Greiner)は、リンパ球分離培地を加えた後、最大速度で15秒間遠心分離することにより調製した。希釈した全血をLeucoSepチューブに加えた。遠心分離(2000×g、20分)後、パスツールピペットによって界面相からPBMCを採取した。残りの赤血球を低張溶解により溶解し、懸濁液を100μM細胞濾過器で濾過した。PBMCを洗浄し、滅菌細胞培地、10%ウシ胎児血清、2.5%Hepes溶液、1%L−グルタミン、1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、1%ピルビン酸ナトリウム、および1%必須アミノ酸を含むRPMI(RPMI)(完全RPMI)に再懸濁した。
潰瘍性大腸炎の試料では、NX−13は、TNFα(図12A)およびIFNγ(図12B)を産生するCD4+T細胞のパーセンテージを減少させ、10nM以上の濃度で両方の集団に有意な減少が観察された。TNFにおいて1nMでは有意な減少は観察されなかったが、減少した傾向は、より高い濃度で観察されたものと一致していた(図12A)。対照的に、たとえ1nMであってもIFNγの有意な減少が観察された(図12B)。さらに、NX−13は、平均蛍光強度によって測定されるように、各細胞に存在するTNFαの量を用量依存的に減少させた。
序論
結腸直腸癌の症例の95パーセントは腺癌である。腺腫またはポリープは、通常の結腸内視鏡検査で特定されない場合、上皮から腸壁に広がり、最終的には血液またはリンパ液に移動した後に転移する可能性がある。アメリカがん協会(American Cancer Society)によれば、ポリープまたは患部の切除によって一般的に治療できるステージ1の結腸癌を除いて、5年生存率は、ステージ2の癌の63〜87%からステージ4の癌の11%の範囲と見通しが暗い。癌の発症には、遺伝的不安定性、無制限の増殖、およびアポトーシス抵抗性を超えた原因要素が必要であるという明確な証拠が増えている。局所的な血管新生、代謝の変化、および免疫回避等のこれらの要因により、中期および進行期の予後を改善する能力を備えた新世代の癌治療薬が生まれた。腸の免疫細胞と上皮細胞の両方で重要な機能を有する免疫調節因子として、NLRX1は結腸直腸癌の治療のための強力な標的として機能し得る。
マウスモデル。成体BALB/cマウスの後側腹に5×106のCT26癌細胞を皮下注射した。9日目から開始して、強制飼養により40mg/kgのNX−43で毎日マウスを処置した。マウスの体重を毎日測定し、21日目まで3日ごとに腫瘍の直径を測定した。剖検時に体重を測定したときに腫瘍を採取した。2番目のマウスモデルが使用された。APCmin/+マウスには、5週齢から開始して、飲料水中のDSSを投与した。標準的な飲料水に戻す前に、マウスを合計5日間DSSでチャレンジした。DSS後、経口強制飼養によりNX−43(40mg/kg)で4週間マウスを処置した。4週間後、結腸を切除して洗浄した。ポリープの数を数え、結腸の重量を得た。
CT26固形腫瘍モデルは、癌腫の免疫原性の高いモデルであり、新規治療薬の評価において貴重なモデルとなっている。NX−43等のNLRX1阻害剤は、未処理の対照と比較して腫瘍サイズを縮小する(図14Aおよび図14B)。重要なことに、腫瘍直径の減少は、NX−43による処置の開始後10日以内に観察された。一方、12日間の処置後、全体的な腫瘍質量が70%超減少したことが観察された。結腸直腸癌のAPCmin/+モデル(図15Aおよび図15B)では、NX−43による炎症後処置により、(結腸重量から明らかなように)結腸ポリープの数および全体的な腫瘍量が減少した。組織学的には、これらの効果は腫瘍浸潤性白血球の割合の増加と相関することが予想される。免疫活性化遺伝子の発現は上昇すると予想され、抑制遺伝子は下方制御されると予想される。フローサイトメトリーにより、Tregまたは骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞等の抑制性細胞型の数は減少することが予想され、活性化された細胞傷害性T細胞およびグランザイムB+細胞の数は増加することが予測される。
序論
ウイルス核酸のセンサー、ならびにMAVSおよびSTING経路のモジュレーターとして、NLRX1はウイルスへの応答の中核を担っている。実際、ネイティブウイルス応答におけるNLRX1の重要性は、インフルエンザ、C型肝炎、HIV、およびヘルペスウイルスのモデルで確認されている[7、9、12、14]。全体的な免疫応答の複雑さはウイルスによって様々であるが、NLRX1を介した機構がそれぞれに存在し、I型インターフェロンの発現およびウイルスクリアランスに下流の影響を与えることは明らかである。この場合、特定の阻害剤によるNLRX1の阻害は、免疫応答を活性化し、宿主の回避および免疫抑制を防ぎ、ウイルスクリアランスの経路を開始することが予測される。NX−43の有効性を検証するために、インフルエンザウイルス感染症のマウスモデルを使用することができる。
マウスモデル。8〜10週齢の野生型C57BL/6マウスを、イソフルラン吸入により麻酔することができる。マウスは、350pfu/マウスのチャレンジ力価のインフルエンザA(H1N1)で鼻腔内感染させることができる[37]。強制飼養により経口的に、または尾静脈注射により静脈内に、10、20、および40mg/kgの用量のNX−43で毎日マウスを処置することができる。マウスの体重を測定し、14日間にわたって毎日スコア化することができる。3、7、11、14日目にマウスを安楽死させ、遺伝子発現およびフローサイトメトリーにより肺内のウイルスの力価および免疫応答の生成を測定することができる。
このインフルエンザA感染モデルにおけるNX−43の主な有効性は、ウイルス力価の評価であり得る。NLRX1の阻害により、より高い免疫活性化およびインターフェロン応答が予測され、これにより、肺のウイルスレベルが低下し、未処理マウスよりも早くクリアランスが得られると予測される。述べたように、このクリアランスは、1型インターフェロン、およびIL−6等の炎症性サイトカインの発現増加によって可能になると予測される。ウイルスのクリアランスが促進されると、感染の初期段階後の体重回復が早まることが予測される。活性化された免疫応答により、感染中の肺における炎症性T細胞、マクロファージ、および好中球のパーセンテージが高くなると予測される。
序論
Clostridium difficile感染症は、抗生物質の使用、抗生物質耐性株の出現、および高率再発との関連により、腸内感染症の治療が困難である。C.difficileは、ネイティブ共生細菌株によって促進される競合阻害によって制御することができる。抗生物質後のこれらの細菌の再増殖を促進するために、NLRX1の活性化は寛容原性環境に対する免疫応答を調節することが予測される。NX−13の有効性を検証するために、C.difficile感染症のマウスモデルを使用することができる。
マウスモデル。野生型C57Bl/6マウスは、強制飼養により経口的にC.difficileに感染させることができる。強制飼養により経口的に、または尾静脈注射により静脈内に、10、20、および40mg/kgの用量のNX−13で毎日マウスを処置することができる。マウスの体重を測定し、12日間にわたって毎日スコア化することができる。4、8、および12日目にマウスを安楽死させ、遺伝子発現およびフローサイトメトリーにより腸内のC.difficile数および免疫応答の生成を測定することができる。
このC.difficile感染症モデルにおけるNX−13の主な有効性は、腸内の細菌数の評価であり得る。NLRX1の活性化により、より高い免疫寛容およびIL−10応答が予測され、これにより、共生菌株の再増殖促進を通して腸内の病原菌のレベルが低下することが予測される。この寛容促進により、処置したマウスの結腸のTh17細胞に関するTreg応答の増加の結果として、より低いレベルの組織損傷が予想される。Th17の減少により、より少ない結腸好中球および抗菌ペプチドの発現が予想される。NX−13によって誘発される免疫学的および微生物学的変化は、体重減少および疾患活動性スコアを低下させ、重症度の低い疾患および迅速な回復を可能にすることが予想される。
序論
NX−13およびNLRX1の他のアゴニストは、1型糖尿病を効果的に治療することが予測される。
マウス。NODマウスは、Jackson Laboratoryから購入し、特定の病原体のない条件下で換気ラックに収容することができる。マウスは動物施設内に維持することができる。全ての実験プロトコルは、施設内の動物管理および使用委員会によって承認され、国立衛生研究所の実験動物福祉および公衆衛生局の方針のガイドラインを満たしているか、上回っている。
NX−13は、1型糖尿病のマウスモデルにおいて、空腹時血糖値を低下させ、インスリンを増加させると予測される。
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Claims (28)
- A環、B環、C環、およびD環を有する式Zの化合物、またはその塩であって、
Zは以下であり、
各場合におけるYは、NR6、O、S、C(R6)2、およびCR7からなる群から独立して選択され、
各場合におけるA1、A2、A3、A4、およびA5は、NおよびCからなる群から独立して選択され、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、およびR6は、存在する場合、各場合において、水素、ヒドロキシ、アセチル、ハロ、およびカルボキシルからなる群;アミノ、アルキル、アルコキシ、カルボキシアルキル、アシル、アシルアミノアリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアルコキシ、ヘテロカルボキシアルキル、ヘテロアシル、ヘテロアシルアミノ、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群から選択される置換または非置換部分;ならびに前述の任意の組み合わせ、から独立して選択され、但し、所与の環上のA1、A2、A3、A4、および/またはA5が、それぞれNである場合、前記所与の環上のR1、R2、R3、R4、および/またはR5のいずれかが存在せず、
各場合におけるR7は、=O、=S、および=NR6からなる群から独立して選択される、化合物、またはその塩。 - 少なくとも1つのXはCであり、
前記D環と前記A環との間の前記Yは、O、S、C(R6)2、およびCR7からなる群から選択され、
前記A環上のA1およびA3の少なくとも一方はCであり、
前記A環上のA2はCであり、
前記A環上のA5はNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 各XはCである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 前記D環と前記A環との間の前記Yは、Oである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 前記A環上のA1、A2、A3、およびA4は、Cである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 前記A環上のR1、R2、R3、およびR4の少なくとも1つは水素ではない、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 前記A環上のR1およびR4の少なくとも一方は水素ではない、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 各XはCであり、
前記D環と前記A環との間の前記YはOであり、
前記A環上のA1、A2、A3、およびA4は、Cであり、
前記A環上のA5はNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記A環上のR1およびR4の少なくとも一方は水素ではない、請求項8に記載の化合物。
- 各XはCであり、
各YはOであり、
前記A環および前記B環のそれぞれにおけるA1、A2、A3、およびA4はCであり、
前記A環および前記B環のそれぞれにおけるA5はNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記A環上のR1およびR4の少なくとも一方と、前記B環上のR1およびR4の少なくとも一方は、水素ではない、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- 少なくとも1つのXはCであり、
前記D環と前記A環との間の前記Yは、O、S、C(R6)2、およびCR7からなる群から選択され、
前記A環上のA2およびA3はCであり、
前記A環上のA5はNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 少なくとも1つのXはCであり、
前記A環上のA1およびA3の少なくとも一方はCであり、
前記A環上のA2はCであり、
前記A環上のA5はNであり、
前記A環上のR1、R2、R3、およびR4の少なくとも1つは水素ではない、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記A環上のA5はNであり、
前記A環上のR1は水素ではない、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記化合物は対称である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物は非対称である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物で動物の状態を治療する方法であって、有効量の前記化合物を前記動物に投与することを含み、前記状態は、炎症性、免疫介在性、または慢性の胃腸疾患;全身性免疫介在性疾患;癌;および感染性疾患からなる群から選択される、方法。
- 前記状態は、炎症性、免疫介在性、または慢性の胃腸疾患であり、前記状態は炎症性腸疾患を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症性腸疾患は、潰瘍性大腸炎を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症性腸疾患は、クローン病を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は、炎症性、免疫介在性、または慢性の胃腸疾患であり、前記状態は過敏性腸症候群を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は全身性免疫介在性疾患であり、前記全身性免疫介在性疾患は、関節リウマチ、多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、1型糖尿病、および乾癬からなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は全身性免疫介在性疾患であり、前記全身性免疫介在性疾患は1型糖尿病を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は癌であり、前記癌は結腸直腸癌を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記状態は感染性疾患であり、前記感染性疾患はウイルス感染症および細菌感染症からなる群から選択される感染症を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記感染性疾患はウイルス感染症を含み、前記ウイルス感染症はインフルエンザ感染症を含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記感染性疾患は細菌感染症を含み、前記細菌感染症はClostridium difficile感染症を含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2019/040386 WO2020010132A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2019-07-02 | 1,3,5-tris(6-methylpyridin-2-yloxy)benzene derivatives and related compounds as nlrx1 ligands for treating inflammatory diseases |
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CN116368133A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2023-06-30 | 朗多生物制药股份有限公司 | Nlrx1配体 |
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US20150292012A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-15 | Case Western Reserve University | Biomarkers for nod2 and/or rip2 activity related application |
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JP2001354639A (ja) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-12-25 | Terumo Corp | 複数のアミジノ基を有する化合物および製剤 |
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TWI329105B (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2010-08-21 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc | 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds and their uses |
JP2004250345A (ja) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-09-09 | Univ Tokyo | 配位規制配位子を利用する二次元または三次元構造の多金属錯体の生成物特異的合成方法 |
JP2006055807A (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 貴金属クラスター担持触媒の製造方法 |
EP1870495A1 (de) | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-26 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Wässriges alkalisches cyanidfreies Bad zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Zink- und Zinklegierungsüberzügen |
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JP5083762B2 (ja) | 2007-10-12 | 2012-11-28 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 多孔性金属錯体及びその製造方法、並びに多孔性金属錯体を含むガス吸蔵材 |
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JP2017171603A (ja) | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 縮合多環式化合物の製造方法 |
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US20150292012A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-15 | Case Western Reserve University | Biomarkers for nod2 and/or rip2 activity related application |
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CL2020003283A1 (es) | 2021-07-09 |
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