JP2021182561A - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021182561A JP2021182561A JP2021134186A JP2021134186A JP2021182561A JP 2021182561 A JP2021182561 A JP 2021182561A JP 2021134186 A JP2021134186 A JP 2021134186A JP 2021134186 A JP2021134186 A JP 2021134186A JP 2021182561 A JP2021182561 A JP 2021182561A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- lithium secondary
- lithium metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- -1 Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008745 Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008590 Li2O—B2O3—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008918 Li2O—V2O5—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910009357 Li2S—GeS—Ga2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012425 Li3Fe2 (PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010640 Li6BaLa2Ta2O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013189 LiBON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010833 LiI-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010855 LiI—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010847 LiI—Li3PO4-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010864 LiI—Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910012316 Li3.6Si0.6P0.4O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010842 LiI—Li2S—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
Description
Li2Ni1−aM1 aO2
(上記式において、aは0≦a<1で、M1は、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mg及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
Li2+bNi1−cM2 cO2+d
(上記式において、−0.5≦b<0.5、0≦c≦1、0≦d<0.3、M2は、P、B、C、Al、Sc、Sr、Ti、V、Zr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Cr、Mg、Nb、Mo及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
LiM3 eMn1−eO2(xは0≦e<0.5で、M3は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)、
Li2M4O2
(上記式において、M4は、Cu、Niからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
Li3+fNb1−gM5 gS4−h
(上記式において、−0.1≦f≦1、0≦g≦0.5、−0.1≦h≦0.5で、M5は、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mg及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である)
LiM6 iMn1−iO2
(上記式において、iは0.05≦x<0.5で、M6は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
LiM7 2jMn2−2jO4
(上記式において、jは0.05≦x<0.5で、M7は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
Lik−M8 m−Nn
(上記式において、M8は、アルカリ土類金属を示し、k/(k+m+n)は0.10ないし0.40で、m/(k+m+n)は0.20ないし0.50で、n/(k+m+n)は0.20ないし0.50である。)
上記化学式1ないし化学式8のリチウム金属化合物は、その構造によって非可逆容量が異なるし、これらは単独、または混合して使用してもよく、正極活物質の非可逆容量を高める役割をする。
実施例1:アノードフリー電池製造
(1)正極の製造
N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLCO(LiCoO2)15gと、上記LCOに対して10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%の重量比となるように、L2N(Li2NiO2)を添加したものを正極活物質混合組成A1〜A9で定義し、正極活物質混合組成(A1〜A9):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、ペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。
負極集電体21で銅集電体を使用した。
(1)正極の製造
N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLCO(LiCoO2)15gと、上記LCOに対して10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%の重量比となるようにL2N(Li2NiO2)を添加したものを正極活物質混合組成B1〜B9で定義し、正極活物質混合組成(B1〜B9):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、ペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。
負極集電体21で銅集電体を使用した。
(1)正極の製造
N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLFP(LiFePO4)15gと、上記LFPに対して30%、90%の重量比となるようにLMO(LiMnO2)を添加したものを正極活物質混合組成C1〜C2で定義し、正極活物質混合組成(C1〜C2):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を90:5:5の重量比で混合した後、ペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。
負極集電体21で銅集電体を使用した。
(1)正極の製造
実施例2のB−3と同様に正極を製造した。具体的に、N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLCO(LiCoO2):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、これにLMO(LiMnO2)をLCOに対して30%の重量比となるように添加した。次いで、各々をペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。
アセトニトリル溶媒にポリエチレンオキシド(MV:4,000,000)とリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI、((CF3SO2)2NLi)をEO:Li=9:1(EO:PEOの反復単位)となるように混合して保護膜形成用溶液を製造した。
上記(1)で製造された正極と(2)の負極集電体21の間に多孔性ポリエチレンの分離膜を介在して電極組立体を製造し、上記電極組立体をケース内部に位置させた後、電解質を注入してアノードフリー電池を製造した。この時、電解質は、EC(ethylene carbonate):DEC(diethyl carbonate):DMC(dimethyl carbonate)が1:2:1の体積比からなる有機溶媒に1MのLiPF6と2重量%のVC(Vinylene Carbonate)を溶解させて製造したものを使用した。
(1)正極の製造
実施例2のB−3と同様に正極を製造した。具体的に、N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLCO(LiCoO2):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、これにLMO(LiMnO2)をLCOに対して30%の重量比となるように添加した。次いで、それぞれをペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。
LiPON保護膜の場合、N2雰囲気の真空チャンバでLi3PO4ターゲットを用いて25分間スパッタリングしてコーティング層を形成した。蒸着時間によって表面コーティング層の厚さが調節されることを確認し、銅集電体上に保護膜(厚さ:0.2μm)を形成した。上記コーティング層は、表面に形成されたコーティング層の厚さは走査電子顕微鏡を利用して確認した。
上記(1)で製造された正極と(2)の負極集電体21の間に多孔性ポリエチレンの分離膜を介在して電極組立体を製造し、上記電極組立体をケース内部に位置させた後、電解質を注入してアノードフリー電池を製造した。この時、電解質は、EC(ethylene carbonate):DEC(diethyl carbonate):DMC(dimethyl carbonate)が1:2:1の体積比からなる有機溶媒に1MのLiPF6と2重量%のVC(Vinylene Carbonate)を溶解させて製造したものを使用した。
L2Nを使用せずに通常の正極を備えたアノードフリー電池を製作した。
N−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone)30mlにLCO(LiCoO2):スーパー−P:バインダー(PVdF)を95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、ペーストペースミキサーで30分間混合してスラリー組成物を製造した。この時、添加されたLCOの重量は15gであった。
負極集電体21で銅集電体を使用した。
上記(1)で製造された正極と負極の間に多孔性ポリエチレンの分離膜を介在して電極組立体を製造し、上記電極組立体をケース内部に位置させた後、電解質を注入してリチウム二次電池を製造した。この時、電解質は、EC(ethylene carbonate):DEC(diethyl carbonate):DMC(dimethyl carbonate)が1:2:1の体積比からなる有機溶媒に1MのLiPF6と2重量%のVC(Vinylene Carbonate)を溶解させて製造したものを使用した。
韓国公開特許第2016−0138120号公報に記載の実施例1及び4に基づいて、正極はLiFePO4を使用し、フッ素を含む有機化合物フルオロエチレンカーボネートと無機塩四フッ化ホウ酸リチウムを電解液に含むリチウム二次電池を製作した。
リチウム金属化合物のLCO:L2N(高非可逆性正極添加剤)含量の差による電池特性を確認するために、実施例1のA1ないしA9と比較例1で製造されたアノードフリー電池を充電0.1C、4.25VのCC/CV(5% current cut at 1C)、放電0.1C CC 3Vの条件で充放電し、リチウム金属層23が形成されたリチウム二次電池を製作して、1サイクル放電後に形成されたLi面積当たり容量、初期放電容量、活物質可用容量に対して初期放電容量発現率、初期容量に対して80%に到逹する時点のサイクル数、初期放電容量の50%残存容量のサイクル数を測定して下記表2に記録した。この時、形成されたリチウム金属層23は、走査電子顕微鏡(JSM−7610F、JEOL)を利用して確認した。この時、LCOの可用容量は150mAh/g、L2Nの可用容量は110mAh/gで計算した。
リチウム金属化合物のLCO:LMO(高非可逆性正極添加剤)含量の差による電池特性を確認するために、実施例2のB1ないしB9と比較例1で製造されたアノードフリー電池を充電0.1C、4.25Vの CC/CV(5% current cut at 1C)、放電0.1C CC 3Vの条件で充放電し、リチウム金属層23が形成されたリチウム二次電池を製作して、1サイクル放電後に形成されたLi面積当たり容量、初期放電容量、活物質可用容量に対して初期放電容量発現率、初期容量に対して80%に到逹する時点のサイクル数、初期放電容量の50%残存容量のサイクル数を測定して下記表2に記録した。この時、形成されたリチウム金属層23は、走査電子顕微鏡(JSM−7610F、JEOL)を利用して確認した。この時、LCOの可用容量は、150mAh/g、LMOの可用容量は100mAh/gで計算した。
リチウム金属化合物のLFP:LMO(高非可逆性正極添加剤)の含量差及び電解液の種類による電池特性を確認するために、実施例3のC1ないしC2と比較例2で製造されたアノードフリー電池を充電0.1C、4.25Vの CC/CV(5% current cut at 1C)、放電0.1C CC 3Vの条件で充放電してリチウム金属層23が形成されたリチウム二次電池を製作し、1サイクル放電後に形成されたLi面積当たり容量、初期放電容量、活物質可用容量に対して初期放電容量発現率、初期容量に対して80%に到逹する時点のサイクル数、初期放電容量の50%残存容量のサイクル数を測定して下記表2に記録した。この時、形成されたリチウム金属層23は、走査電子顕微鏡(JSM−7610F、JEOL)を利用して確認した。この時、LFPの可用容量は、150mAh/g、LMOの可用容量は、100mAh/gで計算した。
保護層の形成による電池特性を確認するために、実施例2ないし4と1で製造されたアノードフリー電池を充電0.1C、4.25VのCC/CV(5% current cut at 1C)、放電0.1C CC 3Vの条件で充放電し、リチウム金属層23が形成されたリチウム二次電池を製作して、1サイクル放電後に形成されたLi面積当たり容量、初期放電容量、活物質可用容量に対して初期放電容量発現率、初期容量に対して80%に到逹する時点のサイクル数、初期放電容量の50%残存容量のサイクル数を測定して下記表2に記録した。この時、形成されたリチウム金属層23は、走査電子顕微鏡(JSM−7610F、JEOL)を利用して確認した。この時、LCOの可用容量は、150mAh/g、LMOの可用容量は、100mAh/gで計算した。
11、41:正極集電体
13、43:正極合剤
20、50:負極
21、51:負極集電体
23、53:負極合剤
30、60:分離膜
55:保護膜
Claims (17)
- 正極、負極、これらの間に介在された分離膜及び電解質を含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記正極は、正極合剤内の正極活物質と初期非可逆度が30%以上のリチウム金属化合物を含み、
充電によって前記正極から移動され、負極内の負極集電体上にリチウム金属を形成する、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極集電体上に形成されるリチウム金属は、4.5V〜2.5Vの電圧範囲で1回の充電を通して形成される、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム金属化合物は、初期非可逆度が50%以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム金属化合物は、初期充電容量が200mAh/g以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極は、分離膜と接する面に保護膜がさらに形成された、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極合剤は、正極活物質:リチウム金属化合物が1:9ないし9:1の重量比である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、リチウム金属化合物と混合、またはこれとコア−シェル構造を形成する、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1、a+b+c=1)、LiNi1−YCoYO2、LiCo1−YMnYO2、LiNi1−YMnYO2(ここで、0≦Y<1)、Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2、0<b<2、0<c<2、a+b+c=2)、LiMn2−zNizO4、LiMn2−zCozO4(ここで、0<Z<2)、LixMyMn2−yO4−zAz(ここで、0.9≦x≦1.2、0<y<2、0≦z<0.2、M=Al、Mg、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、Ti及びBiの一つ以上、Aは−1または−2価の一つ以上の陰イオン)、Li1+aNibM’1−bO2−cA’c(0≦a≦0.1、0≦b≦0.8、0≦c<0.2で、M’は、Mn、Co、Mg、Alなど6配位の安定した元素からなる群から選択される1種以上で、A’は−1または−2価の一つ以上の陰イオンである。)、LiCoPO4、及びLiFePO4からなる群から1種以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム金属化合物は、下記化学式1ないし8のいずれか一つで表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式1]
Li2Ni1−aM1 aO2
(前記式において、aは0≦a<1で、M1は、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mg及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
[化学式2]
Li2+bNi1−cM2 cO2+d
(前記式において、−0.5≦b<0.5、0≦c≦1、0≦d<0.3、M2は、P、B、C、Al、Sc、Sr、Ti、V、Zr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Cr、Mg、Nb、Mo及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
[化学式3]
LiM3 eMn1−eO2(eは0≦e<0.5で、M3は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)、
[化学式4]
Li2M4O2
(前記式において、M4は、Cu、Niからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
[化学式5]
Li3+fNb1−gM5 gS4−h
(前記式において、−0.1≦f≦1、0≦g≦0.5、−0.1≦h≦0.5で、M5は、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mg及びCdからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である)
[化学式6]
LiM6 iMn1−iO2
(前記式において、iは0.05≦i<0.5で、M6は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
[化学式7]
LiM7 2jMn2−2jO4
(前記式において、jは0.05≦j<0.5で、M7は、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、及びCoからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素である。)
[化学式8]
Lik−M8 m−Nn
(前記式において、M8は、アルカリ土類金属を示し、k/(k+m+n)は0.10ないし0.40で、m/(k+m+n)は0.20ないし0.50で、n/(k+m+n)は0.20ないし0.50である。) - 前記正極合剤は、LixVO3(1≦x≦6)、Li3Fe2(PO4)3、Li3Fe2(SO4)3、Li3V(PO4)3、MnO2、MoO3、VO2、V2O5、V6O13、Cr3O8、CrO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、AlPO4、SiO2、TiO2及びMgOからなる群から選択された1種以上をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極合剤は、1ないし10mAh/cm2のローディング量を有する、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム金属は、50nmないし100μmの厚さを有する金属層である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記保護膜は、リチウムイオン伝導性高分子及び無機固体電解質のいずれか一つ以上を含む、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性高分子は、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)及びポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVDF−HFP)からなる群から選択された1種以上である、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記無機固体電解質は、Thio−LISICON(Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4)、Li2S−SiS2、LiI−Li2S−SiS2、LiI−Li2S−P2S5、LiI−Li2S−P2O5、LiI−Li3PO4−P2S5、Li2S−P2S5、Li3PS4、Li7P3S11、Li2O−B2O3、Li2O−B2O3−P2O5、Li2O−V2O5−SiO2、Li2O−B2O3、Li3PO4、Li2O−Li2WO4−B2O3、LiPON、LiBON、Li2O−SiO2、LiI、Li3N、Li5La3Ta2O12、Li7La3Zr2O12、Li6BaLa2Ta2O12、Li3PO(4−3/2w)Nw(wは、w<1)、Li3.6Si0.6P0.4O4、LiPON、Li3N、LixLa1−xTiO3(0<x<1)及びLi2S−GeS−Ga2S3からなる群から選択された1種以上である、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記保護膜は、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、LiSCN、LiC(CF3SO2)3、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(FSO2)2NLi、クロロボランリチウム、低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、4−フェニルホウ酸リチウム、リチウムイミドからなる群から選択された1種以上のリチウム塩をさらに含む、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記保護膜は、厚さが10nmないし50μmである、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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